OPINION Vol.1, No.1 June 2013 - National Defence University

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Media sub-committee Post Care (Incarceration or Reintegration) Strategy. Post care strategy is based on following steps to bring the rehabilitated persons on positive and constructive path of life 26 :- Prisoners who have successfully completed the rehabilitation process to the satisfaction of the program sheikhs, doctors, and psychologists are transferred to a specialized external rehabilitation facility called the Care Rehabilitation Center Once an individual has satisfactorily renounced his previous beliefs, assistance is provided in locating a job and receiving other benefits Once released, former detainees are required to meet periodically with authorities Rehabilitated prisoners are encouraged to settle down, marry, and have children The success of the program is further secured by the Advisory Committee’s involvement of a prisoner’s larger family network Hard Measures to Counter Terrorist Elements. against extremism 27 :- Following hard measures were also taken Saudi Arabia in 1994 froze the assets and rescinded the citizenship of Osama bin Laden The Kingdom took steps to facilitate the extradition of terror suspects and upgrade intelligence gathering capabilities Following the bombing of the USS Cole in Yemen in 2000 and the attacks of September 11, 2001, Saudi Arabia intensified its efforts to go after the men, money and mind-set that support terrorism and extremism Dismantling the physical presence of Al Qaeda and the ability of militants to operate from or within the Kingdom Saudi security agents work with their international counterparts to conduct missions and exchange information To confront threats in the Kingdom’s dense urban areas, neighborhood police units engage and work directly with community members, encouraging citizens to provide tips and leads about suspicious activity Lessons for Pakistan. As compared with Saudi Arabia which has just 28 million populations which is homogeneous to a greater extent, Pakistan’s population is around 180 million with bigger ethnic, cultural and sectarian fault lines. Following lessons may be relevant for Pakistan:- AL QAEDA IN PAKISTAN Centralize the sermon system in the mosques under a central religious authority Bring a uniform system, especially in FATA by establishing government writ to start a deradicalization program on Saudi pattern Engage Pakistani religious scholars, intellectuals and psychologists on the pattern of Saudi soft program to counter extremist ideologies Rehabilitate the extremists on the pattern of Saudi Arabia by offering employment opportunities as well as monetary assistance Al Qaeda’s Ingress in Tribal Region and Pakistani Mainland. Though, an Arab organization, Al Qaeda did not choose any Arab country for the launch of its struggle. It rather chose South Asia as its base of operations. The region has traditional religious ideologies and customs that are very fertile for the growth of religious militancy 28 . Main reasons of its ingress are:- Historical Reasons Bhutto’s Recruitment. Bhutto’s recruitment of dissident Afghans in 1970s against Kabul’s Soviet leaning government was the start of tribal areas utility by foreign militants as springboard and the training ground. OPINION Vol.1 No.1 16 June 2013
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan. After Soviet invasion, the legitimacy given by US to these holy warriors then known as “Mujahideen” gave moral superiority of engaging state power and made this area center of Islamic militants from all around the world. Post-Soviet Retreat from Afghanistan. Many of these fighters decided to stay in this region after Soviet retreat. They bought property and permanently settled here after inter marriages thus actualizing in Pakistan. Current Reasons Need for Safe Haven. Retreating Taliban and Al Qaeda forces after their defeat in Afghanistan needed a safe haven from where they could incite the guerrilla war and trap US and its Western Allies in Afghanistan 29 . Policy Change against Religious Militant Organizations. After joining GWOT, Pakistan disassociated itself from religious militant organizations and left these potent organizations unsponsored and easy target for Al Qaeda to assume their patronage. Need for New Al Qaeda Affiliated Leadership in Pakistan. The need of new Al Qaeda affiliated leadership due to collapse of its own leadership’s arrest, could be easily addressed in recognition of commoner young militant leaders of FATA. Lust of Power by Young Tribal Commoner Leaders. The lust of power of young tribal commoner leader was long awaiting to scrap old fiefdoms of the tribal elders and could be legitimized with affiliation with Al Qaeda. The tribal chiefs were either killed or fled to the cities. Their fiefdoms fell into the hands of this new generation, who were totally committed to Al Qaeda. Availability of Affiliate Militant Organizations and Sympathizer Political Parties. Al Qaeda already had affiliate religious militant organizations and sympathizer religious political parties in Pakistan, which proved to be the main recruiting source for furthering Al Qaeda’s mission. Indigenous Affiliated Religious Militant Organizations. Al Qaeda works with partners as a conglomerate that exports and imports resources and tactics to survive and grow. Certain Pakistani religious militant organizations affiliated with Al Qaeda also have differences amongst each other and with Al Qaeda’s grand strategy; however, Al Qaeda is trying to keep them on board by compromising interests and bringing consensus. Major affiliates include: Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) Lashkar-e-Jhangvi Harkat ul Jihad al Islami (HUJI) Lashkar-e-Taiba and Co (LeT, SeS & JeM) Funding of Al Qaeda in Pakistan. There is little proof available on the foreign funding for Al Qaeda and its affiliates in Pakistan, but based on circumstantial evidence it is possible to point out the possible bankers. Al Qaeda and its Pakistani affiliates are suspected to be funded through foreign countries from Middle Eastern affiliates of Al Qaeda through hundi / hawala system of payment, which has been checked to quite an extent, but is still operational. Local and foreign funding through madrassas and trusts is also believed to be in the list. Additionally, narco money, criminal activities of Al Qaeda and its affiliates in shape of bank robberies and kidnapping for ransom, timber mafia and transporters and extortions paid by locals out of developmental funds and compensations are known to be the sources of funding for Al Qaeda in Pakistan. Al Qaeda’s Pakistan Strategy. Al Qaeda’s strategy in Pakistan remains intentionally opaque, wherein it would use Pakistan as logistic base and safe abode for its fighters; it has now gone onto an increased confrontation with the Pakistani state. A review of Al Qaeda’s statements pertaining to Pakistan, militant activity in the country and the alliances Al Qaeda has fostered among Pakistani factions reveals that their strategy to shape Pakistan’s militant environment and promote hostilities against the Pakistani government 30 . OPINION Vol.1 No.1 17 June 2013
Page 1 and 2: O P I N I O N VOL.1, NO.1 JUNE 2013
Page 3 and 4: MESSAGE OF PATRON The depth of know
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS Part-1 Global / R
Page 7 and 8: Introduction SOUTH AND CENTRAL ASIA
Page 9 and 10: Hydropower Resources. Tajikistan is
Page 11 and 12: post-Arab Spring transition in the
Page 13 and 14: Opportunities • Russian aspiratio
Page 15 and 16: Infrastructural Development It
Page 17 and 18: Introduction AL QAEDA AND THE MUSLI
Page 19 and 20: Attacks in mainland USA - 09 Sep 20
Page 21: of peace negotiations, saying that
Page 25 and 26: Reactive Strategy against Al Qaeda.
Page 27 and 28: Deportation / Repatriation of Illeg
Page 29 and 30: COERCIVE STATECRAFT "The most compl
Page 31 and 32: US Coercion of USSR - Cuban Missile
Page 33 and 34: Indian Coercion of Pakistan - Opera
Page 35 and 36: • Determine the punishment regime
Page 37 and 38: other states, or produce counter na
Page 39 and 40: Introduction RISING INDIA - A CRITI
Page 41 and 42: protecting Indian investments overs
Page 43 and 44: India’s Military. Indian military
Page 45 and 46: India has neither been able to prod
Page 47 and 48: In an idealistic scenario, where In
Page 49 and 50: Introduction RISING POWERS AND GLOB
Page 51 and 52: come to dominate the 21 st century
Page 53 and 54: In the face of the growing importan
Page 55 and 56: Better Security Hope in Sight Prosp
Page 57 and 58: power in central and provincial gov
Page 59 and 60: Introduction ARAB UPRISING - A CRIT
Page 61 and 62: Abd-al-Rab Mansur Al Hadi assumed p
Page 63 and 64: the region of Northwest Africa, wes
Page 65 and 66: Transparency International report f
Page 67 and 68: leading to the best case scenario.
Page 69 and 70: Recommended Areas for Immediate Att
Page 71 and 72: PART - 2 National Security ‣ Glob
Page 73 and 74:
the establishment of the Bretton Wo
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Globalization and Poverty Alleviati
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years and yet an air of distrust st
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can cause capital flight, which is
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Imperatives for Reaping the Benefit
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Conclusion of other hostile element
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58 TasneemNoorani, “MFN Status an
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Elections 2014 Joint appeal to the
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Tranche 1: began transition in July
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PART- IV FUTURE AFGHAN SCENARIOS AN
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Indian and Chinese involvement in d
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influence and eastern and southern
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scenario would have grave implicati
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In present day Asia, three big demo
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Major Conclusions. Major conclusion
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The increase in glacial melting may
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Demography. Unplanned expansion of
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Legislate to ensure energy efficien
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26 http://www.pmd.gov.pk/rnd/rnd_fi
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INDO - PAK CONFLICTS; 1998 TO DATE
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During the conflict, leaders/offici
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Pakistan, India, without any formal
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or the establishment of stability a
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Researchers: Supervisor: Brig Asim
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The Stone Age of Campaigning. Durin
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Technological Advancements - WW 1 F
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American Operational Art - WW II O
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war began. By early 1951, the fight
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• Freedom of Action for Afghan Fi
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WW-2 • Joint Warfare. • Amphibi
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35 Antulio J. Echevarria II, “Ame
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are not necessarily new. The four e
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Fifth Generation Warfare Theoretica
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• Terrorists now have transnation
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hierarchical organizations. Technol
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Conclusion Force Multipliers. Avail
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PART - 4 VIEWS ‣ Human Security O
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Commission for Human Security, co c
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3 P.H. Liotta and Taylor Owen, “W
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