Police-Encounters-With-People-In-Crisis

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CHAPTER 12. EQUIPMENT Table of Contents Page I. THE CURRENT SITUATION ............................................................................ 242 A. Equipment in use by the TPS ................................................................... 242 (1) Provincial and TPS equipment standards ................................... 242 (a) Batons ............................................................................... 243 (b) OC spray ............................................................................. 243 (c) Firearms ............................................................................ 243 B. Conducted Energy Weapons .................................................................... 244 (1) Provincial standards .................................................................... 245 (a) Permitted use of CEWs ...................................................... 245 (b) Procedures following use of CEWs .................................... 246 (c) CEW training ..................................................................... 246 (2) TPS procedures ............................................................................ 247 (3) Evidence regarding health effects of CEWs .................................. 248 (a) The Goudge Report ........................................................... 249 (b) The Braidwood Reports .................................................... 250 (c) Conclusions on the state of current scientific evidence ............................................................. 252 (4) Comparative police service procedures ........................................ 253 (5) Conclusion on CEWs ..................................................................... 254 C. Cameras .................................................................................................... 254 (1) Existing use of cameras ................................................................. 254 (2) Toronto Police Operations Centre ................................................ 255 (3) Body camera pilot project ............................................................ 255 (4) Comparison to other police services and studies ......................... 257 D. Alternative equipment options ............................................................... 258 II. OVERVIEW OF ISSUES HIGHLIGHTED BY STAKEHOLDERS ..................... 258 A. Conducted Energy Weapons .................................................................... 258 B. Body cameras .......................................................................................... 259 C. Alternative equipment options ............................................................... 260 III. RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................... 260 Conducted Energy Weapons ............................................................................... 260 Body cameras ...................................................................................................... 263 Alternative equipment options .......................................................................... 264 Police Encounters With People in Crisis |241
Chapter 12. Equipment 1. This chapter reviews the equipment issued to TPS officers, with a particular focus on two relatively new tools: conducted energy weapons (CEWs), which are currently provided to supervisors and specialty units such as the Emergency Task Force but not to primary response officers; and body-worn cameras, which the TPS is currently testing in a pilot program. 2. There are both benefits and drawbacks to providing police officers with new tools such as these. On the one hand, police are better able to protect public and officer safety, and to resolve a variety of incidents without lethal force, when they are equipped with a wider range of less-lethal equipment. On the other hand, the risks associated with the use and misuse of CEWs and other less-lethal weapons cannot be ignored. Similarly, while body-worn cameras provide greater transparency and accountability regarding police interactions with the public, they raise privacy concerns that must be addressed before such cameras are issued to all officers. I. The Current Situation A. Equipment in use by the TPS 3. Pursuant to provincial requirements, all TPS officers are issued a baton, oleoresin capsicum (OC) aerosol spray (often referred to as “pepper spray”), and a handgun. 1 TPS procedures permit officers to use weapons of opportunity (that is, weapons found at a scene rather than those issued to officers by the TPS) when their issued equipment is unavailable or inappropriate to defend themselves or the public. 2 Handcuffs, leg restraints, and other restraints authorized by the Chief of Police, such as plastic flexible handcuffs, are permitted to control a person in custody who is violent, to transfer prisoners and to prevent escape. 3 1. Provincial and TPS equipment standards 4. The Ontario government has issued guidelines regarding the use of weapons issued to police officers that the TPS must incorporate into its procedures. 4 The guidelines relating to batons, OC spray and firearms are discussed below. 1 Adequacy and Effectiveness of Polices Services, O. Reg. 3/99; Equipment and Use of Force, R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 926 [Reg. 926]; Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services, Policing Standards Manual: Use of Force Policing Standards Guidelines (Ottawa, ON: Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services, November 2013), ss. 10-11 [MCSCS, Use of Force Guidelines]. 2 Toronto Police Service, Use of Force and Equipment, Procedure 15-01 “Use of Force” (Toronto, ON: Toronto Police Service, 2013) at 4 [TPS, “Procedure 15-01”]. 3 Ibid. 4 Reg. 926, supra note 1. The Ontario Use of Force Model and TPS, “Procedure 15-01”, supra note 2, discussed in Chapter 10 (Use of Force), also provide guidance to officers on the circumstances in which it might be appropriate to use different equipment to contain a situation. Police Encounters With People in Crisis |242
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POLICE ENCOUNTERS WITH PEOPLE IN CR
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many ind
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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(viii) best practices and precedent
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18. Chapter 3 provides a commentary
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exercised with that zero target in
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G. Recommendations 48. The 84 Recom
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viii. conducting routine monitoring
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CHAPTER 6: SELECTION OF POLICE OFFI
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CHAPTER 7: TRAINING Recruit trainin
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(b) (c) Exposure: providing officer
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(j) Valuing the Role of Debriefs: m
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De-escalation requirements RECOMMEN
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(b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) increas
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RECOMMENDATION 51: The TPS encourag
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iii. iv. the disciplinary and train
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eports detailing any circumstances
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cooperation from other organization
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PART 1 The Independent Review
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9. Third, it is important at the ou
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23. As I emphasize in the Report, t
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CHAPTER 2. MANDATE, INDEPENDENCE, S
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(ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) TPS
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20. The act of engaging in professi
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mental crisis and whose behaviour e
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(l) (m) (n) (o) (p) (q) (r) (s) a f
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3. Police College site visits 44. T
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Mike Creek Bethan Dinning Julian Fa
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CHAPTER 3. CONTEXT Table of Content
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service by the public. 1 The front
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society must bear. One result is, I
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perceived uncertainty as to whether
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Figure 2. Toronto Police Service or
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Command includes Communications (i.
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65. The objective of the course was
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78. Some may consider a statistical
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that period. These other deaths wer
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F. The legal context 100. Before pr
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(j) The internal disciplinary proce
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CHAPTER 4. THE MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEM
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Chapter 4. The Mental Health System
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police may reencounter the person i
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them to available resources, provid
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3. Accessibility of information reg
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how to recognize common mental illn
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mental illness can be impossible. T
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contains a section that addresses t
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60. When Communications Services re
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scene from its central location. Th
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with, and apprehension of, “emoti
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of people in crisis from TPS to the
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92. Procedure 06-04 directs Divisio
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103. The issue of sharing mental he
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under the Mental Health Act, as any
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III. Recommendations 120. Before se
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ii. iii. iv. providing cross-sector
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CHAPTER 5. POLICE CULTURE Table of
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7. It is for this reason that, alth
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officers against vulnerable citizen
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I want to impress upon you the nece
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policing. That is an unfortunate at
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) A c
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Chapter 6. Selection of Police Offi
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of a police constable. Furthermore,
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4. Education 19. A number of indivi
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1. The Emergency Task Force 29. Psy
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elationship with a TPS member, the
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positions are directed to demonstra
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CHAPTER 7. TRAINING Table of Conten
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policing as compared to the data re
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services identified in the Police S
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my view, police training should aim
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25. When recruits return from the B
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However, the Review also heard that
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(d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) Use of Forc
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CHAPTER 8. SUPERVISION Table of Con
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can be considered for further promo
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13. The TPS provides a two-part sup
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
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30. All TPS members are trained in
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the TPS must participate in an annu
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(a) Misconduct 49. Pursuant to the
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Further, a hearing officer may impo
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II. Overview of Issues Highlighted
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(j) Valuing the Role of Debriefs: m
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De-escalation requirements RECOMMEN
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Chapter 9. The Mental Health of Pol
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B. Workplace mental health standard
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20. As discussed in Chapter 5 (Poli
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TPS member or a group of TPS member
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45. If an officer is subject to a f
Page 193 and 194: II. Overview of Issues Highlighted
Page 196 and 197: CHAPTER 10. USE OF FORCE Table of C
Page 198 and 199: and Effectiveness of Police Service
Page 200 and 201: Figure 1. The Ontario Use of Force
Page 202 and 203: 19. Although it is beyond the scope
Page 204 and 205: 28. The Criminal Code limits the ac
Page 206 and 207: 36. The Use of Force Procedure auth
Page 208 and 209: primary response officers is to con
Page 210 and 211: Table 1. IACP Model Policies v. Ont
Page 212 and 213: armed units—approximately 10% of
Page 214 and 215: 65. Communication is central to eve
Page 216 and 217: well-being of the subject and encou
Page 219 and 220: CHAPTER 11. MCIT AND OTHER MODELS O
Page 221 and 222: officers serving as first responder
Page 223 and 224: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) St. Joseph’s
Page 225 and 226: crises occur at the same time, in a
Page 227 and 228: 32. Second, mental health nurses po
Page 229 and 230: 41. Clarification of the MCIT’s r
Page 231 and 232: Table 1. Mobile Crisis Teams and Ot
Page 233 and 234: 1. Vancouver’s Assertive Communit
Page 235 and 236: 58. While an officer is not expecte
Page 237 and 238: for those with serious mental illne
Page 239 and 240: advocacy community. These forums ca
Page 241 and 242: RECOMMENDATION 46: The TPS should a
Page 246 and 247: (a) Batons 5. Provincial guidelines
Page 248 and 249: to incapacitate a person so that po
Page 250 and 251: 20. The guiding principles of the C
Page 252 and 253: Reports 40 —as they relate to the
Page 254 and 255: e used in practice as alternatives
Page 256 and 257: 48. The absence of definitive resea
Page 258 and 259: when collision sensors are triggere
Page 260 and 261: attachments (which adds an addition
Page 262 and 263: 75. Many of the stakeholders who ho
Page 264 and 265: (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) any medical
Page 266 and 267: RECOMMENDATION 65: The TPS carefull
Page 268: PART 3 The Next Stage
Page 271 and 272: Chapter 13. Implementation I. Intro
Page 273 and 274: Report should not simply fade from
Page 275 and 276: H. Ongoing review 26. Finally, effe
Page 277 and 278: C. Leadership RECOMMENDATION 77: Th
Page 281 and 282: Appendix A List of Individuals Inte
Page 283 and 284: Name Position Institutional Affilia
Page 285 and 286: Name Position Institutional Affilia
Page 287: Name Position Institutional Affilia
Page 290 and 291: Basic Principles on the Use of Forc
Page 292 and 293: Ellen M. Scrivner, Controlling Poli
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Extract from the Minutes of the TPS
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Henry J. Steadman, et al., “Compa
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Leslie Sinclair, “Crisis Interven
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Ministry of Community Safety and Co
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Ronald J. MacDonald, The First Year
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Toronto Police Service, Professiona
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• North Bay Police Service • Or
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Appendix C List of Stakeholders tha
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Appendix D Selected Legislative Pro
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(a) he acts in good faith; and (b)
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Mental Health Act, R.S.O. 1990, c.
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(c) is apparently suffering from th
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Duty of attending physician 20.(1)T
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1. Crime prevention. 2. Law enforce
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it was not of a serious nature, the
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Employment record (9) The chief of
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11. requiring territories without m
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Regulations Adequacy and Effectiven
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Member of the board PART I OATHS AN
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Third-Class Constable Fourth-Class
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1. Expressing views on any issue no
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(b) being a member of the municipal
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(3) Before the chief of police may
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(e) (i) BREACH OF CONFIDENCE, in th
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Conduct and Duties of Police Office
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Equipment and Use of Force, R.R.O.
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Public Complaints - Local Complaint
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Regulation under the Mental Health
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PROVINCIAL INVESTIGATIONS 06 - 04 E
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Form 47 MHA means an ‘Order for E
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• conduct a Person Query, includi
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• give the original Form - MHA an
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22. Upon receipt of an original For
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TPS Policy & Procedure Manual R.O.
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DIV HOSPITAL ADDRESS REMARKS 13. 53
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Associated Service Governance Numbe
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NOTE: The surrender of Service issu
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Unit Commander 15. Upon becoming aw
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• assess fitness for duty • if
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TPSB ER-004 Major Incident Command
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Communication Strategy In order to
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• notify the divisional officer i
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Incident Commander 15. When respond
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− − the on-call EM&PO member th
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15 - 01 Use of Force USE OF FORCE A
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Training Ontario Regulation 926/90
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Additionally, members are required
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NOTE: Batons are the only impact we
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• ensure the scene and all eviden
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26. In addition to the duties descr
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Procedure 15-01 - Appendix A Provin
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Force Framework. As conceived by th
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• intoxicated vs. under the influ
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• personal experience • skill/a
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Considerations. Based on the office
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08-06 Hazardous Materials, Decontam
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• conduct a spark test at the beg
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• package the expended air cartri
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