Police-Encounters-With-People-In-Crisis

Police-Encounters-With-People-In-Crisis Police-Encounters-With-People-In-Crisis

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well-being of the subject and encourage officers to seek third-party assistance—such as from the MCIT—before moving through the use-of-force stages. 75. The Review received a wide range of other submissions relating to use of force, including a request for additional data collection and analysis of use-of-force trends, and a suggestion that the TPS should set a goal of zero harm in all police interactions. The Review also received submissions in favour of disarming primary response officers of handguns. 65 A number of organizations suggested that the TPS should provide rewards for effective de-escalations and better recognize officers who do not use force in controlling a situation. 76. Although some stakeholders felt that de-escalation should be included in the training and analysis of every stage of the Use of Force Model or should be considered a threshold requirement before any use of force is considered, another argued that communication is already part of crisis management and does not need to be considered a separate step in the use of force model. 77. Of particular note, the Review heard concern from several sources that the indicia of aggressive behaviour listed in the current Use of Force Model effectively encourage escalation of the situation, because only complete compliance will be considered control of the situation. Those stakeholders suggested that this approach fails to consider the inability of a person in crisis to comprehend and physically comply with an officer's command. A mental health services provider noted the difficulty that some police officers have with waiting or doing nothing, and expressed concern that slow-moving situations involving people in crisis may encourage agitated officers to escalate the situation themselves in order to move on to other calls. III. Recommendations 78. I recommend that: Improving the Use of Force Procedure to reflect best practices RECOMMENDATION 41: The TPS revise its Use of Force Procedure to supplement the Ontario Use of Force Model and guidelines with best practices from external bodies such as the IACP, the United Nations and other police services in order to: (a) (b) incorporate approaches to minimizing the use of lethal force wherever possible; increase the emphasis placed on the seriousness of the decision to use lethal force in response to a person in crisis; 65 The suggestion to disarm front line police officers of handguns engages issues much broader than the use of lethal force in situations involving people in crisis, and would require research and analysis well beyond the scope of this Report. Police Encounters With People in Crisis |213

(c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) further emphasize lethal force as a last resort to be used in crisis situations only where alternative approaches are ineffective or unavailable; articulate the importance of preserving the lives of subjects as well as officers wherever possible; recognize indicators of mental health crises as symptoms rather than threats to officer safety; acknowledge that many mental health calls result from crisis symptoms rather than criminal behavior; emphasize that police responding to people in crisis are usually required to play a helping role, not an enforcement role; and articulate that communication with a person in crisis should be a default technique in all stages of assessing and controlling the situation and planning a response. Updating the Use of Force Procedure RECOMMENDATION 42: The TPS regularly update its Use of Force Procedure to reflect best practices and the results of further research into the most effective means of communicating with people in crisis. In this regard, the TPS should seek alternative approaches for officers when a person in crisis does not appear to comprehend or have the ability to comply with the Police Challenge; and consider consulting with provincial agencies, the Ontario Police College, mental health experts, consumer survivors, and others with specialized experience to ensure that the Use of Force Procedure reflects best practices. Police Encounters With People in Crisis |214

(c)<br />

(d)<br />

(e)<br />

(f)<br />

(g)<br />

(h)<br />

further emphasize lethal force as a last resort to be used in crisis<br />

situations only where alternative approaches are ineffective or<br />

unavailable;<br />

articulate the importance of preserving the lives of subjects as well<br />

as officers wherever possible;<br />

recognize indicators of mental health crises as symptoms rather<br />

than threats to officer safety;<br />

acknowledge that many mental health calls result from crisis<br />

symptoms rather than criminal behavior;<br />

emphasize that police responding to people in crisis are usually<br />

required to play a helping role, not an enforcement role; and<br />

articulate that communication with a person in crisis should be a<br />

default technique in all stages of assessing and controlling the<br />

situation and planning a response.<br />

Updating the Use of Force Procedure<br />

RECOMMENDATION 42: The TPS regularly update its Use of Force<br />

Procedure to reflect best practices and the results of further research into the<br />

most effective means of communicating with people in crisis. <strong>In</strong> this regard, the<br />

TPS should seek alternative approaches for officers when a person in crisis does<br />

not appear to comprehend or have the ability to comply with the <strong>Police</strong><br />

Challenge; and consider consulting with provincial agencies, the Ontario <strong>Police</strong><br />

College, mental health experts, consumer survivors, and others with specialized<br />

experience to ensure that the Use of Force Procedure reflects best practices.<br />

<strong>Police</strong> <strong>Encounters</strong> <strong>With</strong> <strong>People</strong> in <strong>Crisis</strong> |214

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