Police-Encounters-With-People-In-Crisis
Police-Encounters-With-People-In-Crisis Police-Encounters-With-People-In-Crisis
well-being of the subject and encourage officers to seek third-party assistance—such as from the MCIT—before moving through the use-of-force stages. 75. The Review received a wide range of other submissions relating to use of force, including a request for additional data collection and analysis of use-of-force trends, and a suggestion that the TPS should set a goal of zero harm in all police interactions. The Review also received submissions in favour of disarming primary response officers of handguns. 65 A number of organizations suggested that the TPS should provide rewards for effective de-escalations and better recognize officers who do not use force in controlling a situation. 76. Although some stakeholders felt that de-escalation should be included in the training and analysis of every stage of the Use of Force Model or should be considered a threshold requirement before any use of force is considered, another argued that communication is already part of crisis management and does not need to be considered a separate step in the use of force model. 77. Of particular note, the Review heard concern from several sources that the indicia of aggressive behaviour listed in the current Use of Force Model effectively encourage escalation of the situation, because only complete compliance will be considered control of the situation. Those stakeholders suggested that this approach fails to consider the inability of a person in crisis to comprehend and physically comply with an officer's command. A mental health services provider noted the difficulty that some police officers have with waiting or doing nothing, and expressed concern that slow-moving situations involving people in crisis may encourage agitated officers to escalate the situation themselves in order to move on to other calls. III. Recommendations 78. I recommend that: Improving the Use of Force Procedure to reflect best practices RECOMMENDATION 41: The TPS revise its Use of Force Procedure to supplement the Ontario Use of Force Model and guidelines with best practices from external bodies such as the IACP, the United Nations and other police services in order to: (a) (b) incorporate approaches to minimizing the use of lethal force wherever possible; increase the emphasis placed on the seriousness of the decision to use lethal force in response to a person in crisis; 65 The suggestion to disarm front line police officers of handguns engages issues much broader than the use of lethal force in situations involving people in crisis, and would require research and analysis well beyond the scope of this Report. Police Encounters With People in Crisis |213
(c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) further emphasize lethal force as a last resort to be used in crisis situations only where alternative approaches are ineffective or unavailable; articulate the importance of preserving the lives of subjects as well as officers wherever possible; recognize indicators of mental health crises as symptoms rather than threats to officer safety; acknowledge that many mental health calls result from crisis symptoms rather than criminal behavior; emphasize that police responding to people in crisis are usually required to play a helping role, not an enforcement role; and articulate that communication with a person in crisis should be a default technique in all stages of assessing and controlling the situation and planning a response. Updating the Use of Force Procedure RECOMMENDATION 42: The TPS regularly update its Use of Force Procedure to reflect best practices and the results of further research into the most effective means of communicating with people in crisis. In this regard, the TPS should seek alternative approaches for officers when a person in crisis does not appear to comprehend or have the ability to comply with the Police Challenge; and consider consulting with provincial agencies, the Ontario Police College, mental health experts, consumer survivors, and others with specialized experience to ensure that the Use of Force Procedure reflects best practices. Police Encounters With People in Crisis |214
- Page 166 and 167: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
- Page 168 and 169: 30. All TPS members are trained in
- Page 170 and 171: the TPS must participate in an annu
- Page 172 and 173: (a) Misconduct 49. Pursuant to the
- Page 174 and 175: Further, a hearing officer may impo
- Page 176 and 177: II. Overview of Issues Highlighted
- Page 178 and 179: (j) Valuing the Role of Debriefs: m
- Page 180: De-escalation requirements RECOMMEN
- Page 183 and 184: Chapter 9. The Mental Health of Pol
- Page 185 and 186: B. Workplace mental health standard
- Page 187 and 188: 20. As discussed in Chapter 5 (Poli
- Page 189 and 190: TPS member or a group of TPS member
- Page 191 and 192: 45. If an officer is subject to a f
- Page 193 and 194: II. Overview of Issues Highlighted
- Page 196 and 197: CHAPTER 10. USE OF FORCE Table of C
- Page 198 and 199: and Effectiveness of Police Service
- Page 200 and 201: Figure 1. The Ontario Use of Force
- Page 202 and 203: 19. Although it is beyond the scope
- Page 204 and 205: 28. The Criminal Code limits the ac
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- Page 208 and 209: primary response officers is to con
- Page 210 and 211: Table 1. IACP Model Policies v. Ont
- Page 212 and 213: armed units—approximately 10% of
- Page 214 and 215: 65. Communication is central to eve
- Page 219 and 220: CHAPTER 11. MCIT AND OTHER MODELS O
- Page 221 and 222: officers serving as first responder
- Page 223 and 224: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) St. Joseph’s
- Page 225 and 226: crises occur at the same time, in a
- Page 227 and 228: 32. Second, mental health nurses po
- Page 229 and 230: 41. Clarification of the MCIT’s r
- Page 231 and 232: Table 1. Mobile Crisis Teams and Ot
- Page 233 and 234: 1. Vancouver’s Assertive Communit
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- Page 237 and 238: for those with serious mental illne
- Page 239 and 240: advocacy community. These forums ca
- Page 241 and 242: RECOMMENDATION 46: The TPS should a
- Page 244 and 245: CHAPTER 12. EQUIPMENT Table of Cont
- Page 246 and 247: (a) Batons 5. Provincial guidelines
- Page 248 and 249: to incapacitate a person so that po
- Page 250 and 251: 20. The guiding principles of the C
- Page 252 and 253: Reports 40 —as they relate to the
- Page 254 and 255: e used in practice as alternatives
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(c)<br />
(d)<br />
(e)<br />
(f)<br />
(g)<br />
(h)<br />
further emphasize lethal force as a last resort to be used in crisis<br />
situations only where alternative approaches are ineffective or<br />
unavailable;<br />
articulate the importance of preserving the lives of subjects as well<br />
as officers wherever possible;<br />
recognize indicators of mental health crises as symptoms rather<br />
than threats to officer safety;<br />
acknowledge that many mental health calls result from crisis<br />
symptoms rather than criminal behavior;<br />
emphasize that police responding to people in crisis are usually<br />
required to play a helping role, not an enforcement role; and<br />
articulate that communication with a person in crisis should be a<br />
default technique in all stages of assessing and controlling the<br />
situation and planning a response.<br />
Updating the Use of Force Procedure<br />
RECOMMENDATION 42: The TPS regularly update its Use of Force<br />
Procedure to reflect best practices and the results of further research into the<br />
most effective means of communicating with people in crisis. <strong>In</strong> this regard, the<br />
TPS should seek alternative approaches for officers when a person in crisis does<br />
not appear to comprehend or have the ability to comply with the <strong>Police</strong><br />
Challenge; and consider consulting with provincial agencies, the Ontario <strong>Police</strong><br />
College, mental health experts, consumer survivors, and others with specialized<br />
experience to ensure that the Use of Force Procedure reflects best practices.<br />
<strong>Police</strong> <strong>Encounters</strong> <strong>With</strong> <strong>People</strong> in <strong>Crisis</strong> |214