Police-Encounters-With-People-In-Crisis

Police-Encounters-With-People-In-Crisis Police-Encounters-With-People-In-Crisis

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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) knowledge of applicable laws; verbal communication skills (demonstrating professionalism with the public, preventing conflict, de-escalating volatile situations, using appropriate tone and active listening, and building rapport); written communication skills; knowledge of TPS structure and procedures; knowledge of community composition and resources; officer safety; use of force; police vehicle operations; commitment (empathy and desire to help others, personal initiative, and professional discipline); self-confidence (leadership, knowledge of strengths and limitations, and reliance on support systems); mental preparedness (visualizing and role playing scenarios and mentally preparing for critical activities); focus (common sense, practical resolutions, and controlling the pace of crisis situations); and (m) seeking feed-back and conducting self-evaluations. 23 23. The OPC Coach Officer Manual provides advice on improving trainees’ performance in each skill area, including rehearsing plans of action based on calls heard on the radio or before performing a particular task, providing additional exposure to the public on foot patrol or by meeting with community leaders, and practising how to differentiate behavioural levels within the Ontario Use of Force Model (described in Chapter 10 (Use of Force)). The Manual further recommends debriefing after every call, providing positive feedback when deserved, and discussing successful calls in order to reinforce effective performance patterns. 24 24. Although new recruits are not required to attend every kind of call listed in the Manual during their probationary period, their coach officer must at least walk them through the issues and responses for each kind of call that is not directly encountered. 25 23 Id. at 13-14. 24 Id. at 136. 25 Id. at 6. Police Encounters With People in Crisis |163

Calls involving people in crisis are among the kinds of calls listed in the OPC Manual to which trainees are expected to get exposure. 25. Coach officers can have a critical influence on new members of the Service because they have daily contact with new officers and possess primary responsibility for ensuring trainees become competent in all performance areas within their first months of duty. Coach officers can enhance TPC and OPC training by walking their trainees through realistic crisis scenarios, ensuring new recruits are exposed to calls involving people in crisis, and debriefing the positive and negative actions and outcomes of every situation. 26. However, because of the influence the coach officers hold over new members, some commentators have said that a coach officer who adopts the wrong approach can “undo six months of training in half an hour.” Coach officers hold the discretion to focus trainees’ attention on “hard skills” involving use of force and, if not properly educated themselves, can perpetuate negative stereotypes about people in crisis. In such cases, trainees could be given ineffective guidance on how to handle calls involving people in crisis, or deprived of information about available mental health resources that can assist them in effectively handling such calls. Given what is at stake, it is essential that TPS selects its coach officers from among a pool of candidates best suited to enhancing standardized training and instilling a progressive, respectful Service culture. 27. The Review was advised that there is no formal mechanism for evaluating the effectiveness of coach officer training. As such, it is difficult to measure the real-world benefits of a program that appears carefully considered and well-intentioned on paper. C. Debriefing 1. Standards and training 28. The Ontario Policing Standards Manual requires that the TPS set out debriefing processes for teams involved in the following areas: containment, tactical, hostage rescue, major incident command, crisis negotiation, explosives, marine, canine, and public order. 26 However, there is no provincial requirement that primary response units debrief after incidents involving people in crisis, or that divisional supervisors conduct debriefings with officers following crisis situations. 29. The Review heard that there is currently no systematic framework for debriefing incidents involving primary response officers and people in crisis. While there is the Critical Incident Response Team (CIRT) for more serious incidents (as discussed in Chapter 9 (The Mental Health of Police Personnel), the role of CIRT is focused primarily on helping officers with traumatic stress rather than debriefing learning points from the incident. 26 MCSCS, Policing, supra note 2, ER-001-ER-010, PO-001 “Emergency Response” and “Public Order Maintenance” (March 2010) at Appendix 1, 2-3. Police Encounters With People in Crisis |164

(a)<br />

(b)<br />

(c)<br />

(d)<br />

(e)<br />

(f)<br />

(g)<br />

(h)<br />

(i)<br />

(j)<br />

(k)<br />

(l)<br />

knowledge of applicable laws;<br />

verbal communication skills (demonstrating professionalism with the<br />

public, preventing conflict, de-escalating volatile situations, using<br />

appropriate tone and active listening, and building rapport);<br />

written communication skills;<br />

knowledge of TPS structure and procedures;<br />

knowledge of community composition and resources;<br />

officer safety;<br />

use of force;<br />

police vehicle operations;<br />

commitment (empathy and desire to help others, personal initiative, and<br />

professional discipline);<br />

self-confidence (leadership, knowledge of strengths and limitations, and<br />

reliance on support systems);<br />

mental preparedness (visualizing and role playing scenarios and mentally<br />

preparing for critical activities);<br />

focus (common sense, practical resolutions, and controlling the pace of<br />

crisis situations); and<br />

(m) seeking feed-back and conducting self-evaluations. 23<br />

23. The OPC Coach Officer Manual provides advice on improving trainees’<br />

performance in each skill area, including rehearsing plans of action based on calls heard<br />

on the radio or before performing a particular task, providing additional exposure to the<br />

public on foot patrol or by meeting with community leaders, and practising how to<br />

differentiate behavioural levels within the Ontario Use of Force Model (described in<br />

Chapter 10 (Use of Force)). The Manual further recommends debriefing after every call,<br />

providing positive feedback when deserved, and discussing successful calls in order to<br />

reinforce effective performance patterns. 24<br />

24. Although new recruits are not required to attend every kind of call listed in the<br />

Manual during their probationary period, their coach officer must at least walk them<br />

through the issues and responses for each kind of call that is not directly encountered. 25<br />

23<br />

Id. at 13-14.<br />

24<br />

Id. at 136.<br />

25<br />

Id. at 6.<br />

<strong>Police</strong> <strong>Encounters</strong> <strong>With</strong> <strong>People</strong> in <strong>Crisis</strong> |163

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