Police-Encounters-With-People-In-Crisis

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CHAPTER 8. SUPERVISION Table of Contents Page I. THE CURRENT SITUATION ............................................................................ 158 A. Provincial standards of supervision ....................................................... 158 B. The TPS structure and demographics ..................................................... 158 (1) Supervisors ................................................................................... 160 (a) Sergeant/detective, staff (b) sergeant/detective sergeant, inspector ............................. 160 Staff inspector, superintendent, staff superintendent .................................................................... 161 (c) Divisional hierarchy ........................................................... 161 (2) Coach officers ............................................................................... 162 C. Debriefing ................................................................................................ 164 (1) Standards and training ................................................................ 164 (2) Advantages ................................................................................... 165 (3) Concerns ....................................................................................... 166 D. Performance evaluations ......................................................................... 166 E. Discipline ...................................................................................................167 (1) Applicable legislation .................................................................... 167 (a) Misconduct ......................................................................... 169 (b) Penalties ............................................................................ 170 (2) Disciplinary Hearings Office .......................................................... 171 (3) Internal reviews of incidents involving serious bodily harm or death .......................................................................................... 171 F. Comparison to other police services ......................................................... 172 II. OVERVIEW OF ISSUES HIGHLIGHTED BY STAKEHOLDERS ...................... 173 III. RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................... 173 Coach officers and supervisors ........................................................................... 173 Debriefing .............................................................................................................174 Mental health champions..................................................................................... 175 Discipline .............................................................................................................. 175 Rewards ............................................................................................................... 176 Performance reviews and promotion ................................................................. 176 De-escalation requirements………………………………………………………………………177 Police Encounters With People in Crisis |157
Chapter 8. Supervision 1. In this chapter, I consider the framework for supervision of TPS members that is in place within the TPS. Supervision serves two main purposes. First, it ensures compliance with TPS procedures and other Service Governance requirements. Second, supervision should be used to provide guidance and support to officers. By supervision, I mean not only formal supervision by commanding officers, but also informal supervision through coach officers and peers. 2. Leadership and effective mentorship are essential in order to ensure that the Service’s training programs carry over into practice. The Toronto Police College (TPC) and Ontario Police College (OPC) offer reasonably sophisticated training on mental illness and people in crisis, as discussed in Chapter 7 (Training). 1 This training needs to be reinforced by members’ colleagues, mentors and supervisors during their day-to-day duties. An effective system of positive and negative reinforcement—for officers and for supervisors—is an essential element of creating a culture that enhances, rather than "eats," training. As one stakeholder put it, supervisors need to lead, not just supervise. 3. Before beginning my discussion of supervision within the TPS, I should note that this chapter is concerned only with the internal supervision and oversight of TPS members. It does not examine the supervisory roles of the Toronto Police Services Board (TPSB), the Special Investigations Unit (SIU), or other external oversight bodies with jurisdiction over the TPS. I. The Current Situation A. Provincial standards of supervision 4. O. Reg. 3/99 (“Adequacy and Effectiveness of Police Services”) and the Ontario Policing Standards Manual require the Chief of Police to ensure that supervision is available to every member of the Service during his or her shift at any time of day. 2 The Chief of Police has two primary responsibilities regarding supervision and oversight: to ensure that supervisors have the requisite knowledge, skills and abilities to supervise; and to establish procedures on supervision, including the circumstances under which a supervisor should be contacted and should attend an incident. 3 Supervisors, in turn, are mandated to monitor and ensure their junior officers' compliance with legislation, regulations, and TPS policies and procedures. B. The TPS structure and demographics 5. The structure of the Toronto Police Service consists of a vertical hierarchy of officers and a horizontal classification of command areas. New recruits enter the Service as constables, and must progress from fourth class to first class constables before they 1 See Chapter 7 (Training). 2 Adequacy and Effectiveness of Police Services, O. Reg. 3/99, s. 10 [Adequacy and Effectiveness]; Ontario Ministry of Community Safety & Correctional Services, Policing Standards Manual (February 2012) [MCSCS, Policing Standards]. 3 Adequacy and Effectiveness, id., ss. 10, 29; MCSCS, Policing Standards, id. at LE-025 Supervision. Police Encounters With People in Crisis |158
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POLICE ENCOUNTERS WITH PEOPLE IN CR
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many ind
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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(viii) best practices and precedent
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18. Chapter 3 provides a commentary
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exercised with that zero target in
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G. Recommendations 48. The 84 Recom
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viii. conducting routine monitoring
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CHAPTER 6: SELECTION OF POLICE OFFI
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CHAPTER 7: TRAINING Recruit trainin
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(b) (c) Exposure: providing officer
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(j) Valuing the Role of Debriefs: m
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De-escalation requirements RECOMMEN
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(b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) increas
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RECOMMENDATION 51: The TPS encourag
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iii. iv. the disciplinary and train
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eports detailing any circumstances
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cooperation from other organization
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PART 1 The Independent Review
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9. Third, it is important at the ou
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23. As I emphasize in the Report, t
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CHAPTER 2. MANDATE, INDEPENDENCE, S
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(ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) TPS
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20. The act of engaging in professi
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mental crisis and whose behaviour e
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(l) (m) (n) (o) (p) (q) (r) (s) a f
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3. Police College site visits 44. T
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Mike Creek Bethan Dinning Julian Fa
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CHAPTER 3. CONTEXT Table of Content
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service by the public. 1 The front
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society must bear. One result is, I
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perceived uncertainty as to whether
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Figure 2. Toronto Police Service or
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Command includes Communications (i.
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65. The objective of the course was
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78. Some may consider a statistical
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that period. These other deaths wer
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F. The legal context 100. Before pr
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(j) The internal disciplinary proce
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CHAPTER 4. THE MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEM
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Chapter 4. The Mental Health System
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police may reencounter the person i
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them to available resources, provid
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3. Accessibility of information reg
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how to recognize common mental illn
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mental illness can be impossible. T
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contains a section that addresses t
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60. When Communications Services re
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scene from its central location. Th
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with, and apprehension of, “emoti
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of people in crisis from TPS to the
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Page 112 and 113: under the Mental Health Act, as any
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Page 116 and 117: ii. iii. iv. providing cross-sector
Page 119 and 120: CHAPTER 5. POLICE CULTURE Table of
Page 121 and 122: 7. It is for this reason that, alth
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Page 125 and 126: I want to impress upon you the nece
Page 127 and 128: policing. That is an unfortunate at
Page 129: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) A c
Page 132 and 133: Chapter 6. Selection of Police Offi
Page 134 and 135: of a police constable. Furthermore,
Page 136 and 137: 4. Education 19. A number of indivi
Page 138 and 139: 1. The Emergency Task Force 29. Psy
Page 140 and 141: elationship with a TPS member, the
Page 142 and 143: positions are directed to demonstra
Page 145 and 146: CHAPTER 7. TRAINING Table of Conten
Page 147 and 148: policing as compared to the data re
Page 149 and 150: services identified in the Police S
Page 151 and 152: my view, police training should aim
Page 153 and 154: 25. When recruits return from the B
Page 155 and 156: However, the Review also heard that
Page 157 and 158: (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) Use of Forc
Page 162 and 163: can be considered for further promo
Page 164 and 165: 13. The TPS provides a two-part sup
Page 166 and 167: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
Page 168 and 169: 30. All TPS members are trained in
Page 170 and 171: the TPS must participate in an annu
Page 172 and 173: (a) Misconduct 49. Pursuant to the
Page 174 and 175: Further, a hearing officer may impo
Page 176 and 177: II. Overview of Issues Highlighted
Page 178 and 179: (j) Valuing the Role of Debriefs: m
Page 180: De-escalation requirements RECOMMEN
Page 183 and 184: Chapter 9. The Mental Health of Pol
Page 185 and 186: B. Workplace mental health standard
Page 187 and 188: 20. As discussed in Chapter 5 (Poli
Page 189 and 190: TPS member or a group of TPS member
Page 191 and 192: 45. If an officer is subject to a f
Page 193 and 194: II. Overview of Issues Highlighted
Page 196 and 197: CHAPTER 10. USE OF FORCE Table of C
Page 198 and 199: and Effectiveness of Police Service
Page 200 and 201: Figure 1. The Ontario Use of Force
Page 202 and 203: 19. Although it is beyond the scope
Page 204 and 205: 28. The Criminal Code limits the ac
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Page 208 and 209: primary response officers is to con
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Table 1. IACP Model Policies v. Ont
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armed units—approximately 10% of
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65. Communication is central to eve
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well-being of the subject and encou
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CHAPTER 11. MCIT AND OTHER MODELS O
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officers serving as first responder
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) St. Joseph’s
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crises occur at the same time, in a
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32. Second, mental health nurses po
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41. Clarification of the MCIT’s r
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Table 1. Mobile Crisis Teams and Ot
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1. Vancouver’s Assertive Communit
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58. While an officer is not expecte
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for those with serious mental illne
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advocacy community. These forums ca
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RECOMMENDATION 46: The TPS should a
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CHAPTER 12. EQUIPMENT Table of Cont
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(a) Batons 5. Provincial guidelines
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to incapacitate a person so that po
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20. The guiding principles of the C
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Reports 40 —as they relate to the
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e used in practice as alternatives
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48. The absence of definitive resea
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when collision sensors are triggere
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attachments (which adds an addition
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75. Many of the stakeholders who ho
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(d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) any medical
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RECOMMENDATION 65: The TPS carefull
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PART 3 The Next Stage
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Chapter 13. Implementation I. Intro
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Report should not simply fade from
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H. Ongoing review 26. Finally, effe
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C. Leadership RECOMMENDATION 77: Th
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Appendix A List of Individuals Inte
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Name Position Institutional Affilia
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Basic Principles on the Use of Forc
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Ellen M. Scrivner, Controlling Poli
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Extract from the Minutes of the TPS
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Henry J. Steadman, et al., “Compa
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Leslie Sinclair, “Crisis Interven
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Ministry of Community Safety and Co
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Ronald J. MacDonald, The First Year
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Toronto Police Service, Professiona
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• North Bay Police Service • Or
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Appendix C List of Stakeholders tha
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Appendix D Selected Legislative Pro
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(a) he acts in good faith; and (b)
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Mental Health Act, R.S.O. 1990, c.
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(c) is apparently suffering from th
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Duty of attending physician 20.(1)T
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1. Crime prevention. 2. Law enforce
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it was not of a serious nature, the
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Employment record (9) The chief of
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11. requiring territories without m
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Regulations Adequacy and Effectiven
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Member of the board PART I OATHS AN
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Third-Class Constable Fourth-Class
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1. Expressing views on any issue no
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(b) being a member of the municipal
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(3) Before the chief of police may
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(e) (i) BREACH OF CONFIDENCE, in th
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Conduct and Duties of Police Office
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Equipment and Use of Force, R.R.O.
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Public Complaints - Local Complaint
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Regulation under the Mental Health
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PROVINCIAL INVESTIGATIONS 06 - 04 E
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Form 47 MHA means an ‘Order for E
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• conduct a Person Query, includi
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• give the original Form - MHA an
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22. Upon receipt of an original For
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TPS Policy & Procedure Manual R.O.
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DIV HOSPITAL ADDRESS REMARKS 13. 53
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Associated Service Governance Numbe
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NOTE: The surrender of Service issu
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Unit Commander 15. Upon becoming aw
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• assess fitness for duty • if
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TPSB ER-004 Major Incident Command
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Communication Strategy In order to
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• notify the divisional officer i
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Incident Commander 15. When respond
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− − the on-call EM&PO member th
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15 - 01 Use of Force USE OF FORCE A
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Training Ontario Regulation 926/90
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Additionally, members are required
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NOTE: Batons are the only impact we
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• ensure the scene and all eviden
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26. In addition to the duties descr
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Procedure 15-01 - Appendix A Provin
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Force Framework. As conceived by th
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• intoxicated vs. under the influ
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• personal experience • skill/a
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Considerations. Based on the office
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08-06 Hazardous Materials, Decontam
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• conduct a spark test at the beg
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• package the expended air cartri
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