A spatially resolved study of ionized regions in galaxies at different ...
A spatially resolved study of ionized regions in galaxies at different ... A spatially resolved study of ionized regions in galaxies at different ...
ii CONTENTS 3.3.2 Identification of the position of the spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.3.3 Spectra extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 3.3.4 Wavelength solution (dispersion correction) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3.3.5 Fiber-to-fiber response correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 3.3.6 Flux-calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 3.3.7 Sky-subtraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 3.3.8 Mosaics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 3.3.9 Correction for atmospheric absorption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 3.3.10 Correction for differential atmospheric refraction . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 3.4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 3.4.1 Subtraction of the underlying population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 3.4.2 Line intensities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 3.4.3 Hα maps and morphology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 3.4.4 Reddening correction and c(Hβ) map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 3.4.5 Electron density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 3.4.6 Ionization structure and excitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 3.4.7 Wolf-Rayet stellar population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 3.4.8 Physical properties and chemical abundances from the integrated spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 3.5 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 3.5.1 Mass of the ionized gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 3.5.2 Derived properties of the WR population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 3.5.3 Metal content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 3.5.4 Ionization structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 4 • Long-slit spectrophotometry of multiple knots of Hii galaxies 105 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 4.2 Observations and reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 4.2.1 CAHA observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 4.2.2 WHT observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 4.2.3 Data reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 4.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 4.3.1 Line intensities and reddening correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 4.3.2 Physical conditions of the gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 4.3.3 Chemical abundance derivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 4.4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 4.4.1 Gaseous physical conditions and element abundances . . . . . . . . 131 4.4.2 Chemical abundances from empirical calibrators for Knots A and D of IIZw71 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 4.4.3 The stellar population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 4.4.4 Ionising stellar populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 4.4.5 Kinematics and dynamics of the polar ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 5 • Conclusions and future work 149 A •Interstellar Reddening Corrections 159
CONTENTS iii B •Physical conditions of the gas and abundances 161 B.1 Physical conditions of the gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 B.1.1 Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 B.1.2 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 B.2 Ionic abundances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 C •Empirical calibrators 169 D •Stellar photometry results of NGC 5471 173 References 189
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ii<br />
CONTENTS<br />
3.3.2 Identific<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> the position <strong>of</strong> the spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47<br />
3.3.3 Spectra extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48<br />
3.3.4 Wavelength solution (dispersion correction) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50<br />
3.3.5 Fiber-to-fiber response correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51<br />
3.3.6 Flux-calibr<strong>at</strong>ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52<br />
3.3.7 Sky-subtraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57<br />
3.3.8 Mosaics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58<br />
3.3.9 Correction for <strong>at</strong>mospheric absorption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59<br />
3.3.10 Correction for <strong>different</strong>ial <strong>at</strong>mospheric refraction . . . . . . . . . . . . 61<br />
3.4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63<br />
3.4.1 Subtraction <strong>of</strong> the underly<strong>in</strong>g popul<strong>at</strong>ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63<br />
3.4.2 L<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>tensities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66<br />
3.4.3 Hα maps and morphology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68<br />
3.4.4 Redden<strong>in</strong>g correction and c(Hβ) map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72<br />
3.4.5 Electron density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74<br />
3.4.6 Ioniz<strong>at</strong>ion structure and excit<strong>at</strong>ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75<br />
3.4.7 Wolf-Rayet stellar popul<strong>at</strong>ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78<br />
3.4.8 Physical properties and chemical abundances from the <strong>in</strong>tegr<strong>at</strong>ed<br />
spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81<br />
3.5 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92<br />
3.5.1 Mass <strong>of</strong> the <strong>ionized</strong> gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92<br />
3.5.2 Derived properties <strong>of</strong> the WR popul<strong>at</strong>ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94<br />
3.5.3 Metal content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96<br />
3.5.4 Ioniz<strong>at</strong>ion structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99<br />
4 • Long-slit spectrophotometry <strong>of</strong> multiple knots <strong>of</strong> Hii <strong>galaxies</strong> 105<br />
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105<br />
4.2 Observ<strong>at</strong>ions and reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107<br />
4.2.1 CAHA observ<strong>at</strong>ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107<br />
4.2.2 WHT observ<strong>at</strong>ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108<br />
4.2.3 D<strong>at</strong>a reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109<br />
4.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112<br />
4.3.1 L<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>tensities and redden<strong>in</strong>g correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112<br />
4.3.2 Physical conditions <strong>of</strong> the gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121<br />
4.3.3 Chemical abundance deriv<strong>at</strong>ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127<br />
4.4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131<br />
4.4.1 Gaseous physical conditions and element abundances . . . . . . . . 131<br />
4.4.2 Chemical abundances from empirical calibr<strong>at</strong>ors for Knots A and D <strong>of</strong><br />
IIZw71 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136<br />
4.4.3 The stellar popul<strong>at</strong>ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142<br />
4.4.4 Ionis<strong>in</strong>g stellar popul<strong>at</strong>ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146<br />
4.4.5 K<strong>in</strong>em<strong>at</strong>ics and dynamics <strong>of</strong> the polar r<strong>in</strong>g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147<br />
5 • Conclusions and future work 149<br />
A •Interstellar Redden<strong>in</strong>g Corrections 159
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