A spatially resolved study of ionized regions in galaxies at different ...
A spatially resolved study of ionized regions in galaxies at different ... A spatially resolved study of ionized regions in galaxies at different ...
94 3 • IFS of a GEHR in NGC 6946 Radius F(Hα) L(Hα) Q(H 0 ) M(Hii) (pc) (erg cm −2 s −1 ) (erg s −1 ) (photon s −1 ) (M ⊙ Knot A 190 1.93 × 10 −12 8.03 × 10 39 7.9 × 10 51 2.5 × 10 5 Knot B 95 1.08 × 10 −13 4.52 × 10 38 4.5 × 10 50 1.5 × 10 4 Knot C 115 3.76 × 10 −13 1.55 × 10 39 1.5 × 10 51 5.0 × 10 4 Knot D 100 1.51 × 10 −13 6.28 × 10 38 6.2 × 10 50 2.0 × 10 4 Table 3.10: Hα flux and derived parameters for the (mosaic) integrated spectra of the four knots. M HII = Q(H 0 ) m p n e α B The values are also listed in Table 3.10. All of them, given the assumptions of no dust absoption or photon leakage, represent lower limits. Table 3.10 also gives the estimated radius, in parsecs, of a circular aperture covering the spatial distribution of the fibers used in the integrated spectra of each knot. This value is not intended to be accurate, but to give an order of magnitude of the sizes involved. As it can be seen, the luminosities and masses of H + from this four knots are typical of giant Hii regions and can be compared to the case of NGC 5471. Knot A of NGC 6946 is about a factor of 2 more luminous than Knot 1 in NGC 5471, while Knot C is similar to Knot 2 and the other two knots are of the same order of magnitude as Knot 4 or 10. It should be noted that the spatial scales involved in each case are very different. While the effective radius of the knots of NGC 5471 are around 60 pc, in NGC 6946 the radii can be 2 o 3 times larger. 3.5.2 Derived properties of the WR population The detection and measurement of the WR blue bump in three of the four knots can be very useful for the study of the ionizing stellar population. In this way, it is possible to compare the observed relative intensities and equivalent widths of the WR bumps with the predictions of Starburst 99 (Leitherer et al., 1999) population synthesis models as a function of the metallicity, age and star formation law of the cluster. For this purpose, we have run a Starburst 99 model based on stellar model atmospheres from Smith et al. (2002), Geneva evolutionary tracks with high stellar mass loss (Meynet et al., 1994), a Kroupa Initial Mass Function (IMF; Kroupa, 2002) in two intervals (0.1-0.5 and 0.5-100 M ⊙ ) with different exponents (1.3 and 2.3 respectively), a metallicity of Z = 0.02, the theoretical wind model (Leitherer et al., 1992) and a supernova cut-off of 8 M ⊙ . In Figure 3.26 we show the predicted equivalent width and relative intensity to Hβ for
3.5. Discussion 95 20 15 EW(WR)(◦A) 10 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 100 100 F(WR)/F(Hβ) 80 60 40 20 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 Age (Myr) Figure 3.26: Relation between intensities and equivalent widths of the Wolf-Rayet blue bump as a function of the age of the cluster for a Z = 0.02 metallicity, according to Starburst 99 predictions. In both panels, (blue) solid lines represent instantaneous star formation and (green) dashed lines continuous star formation. The (light blue) horizontal band represents the error in the measurement of the appropriate quantity for knot A. the blue bump as a function of the cluster age for a metallicity Z = 0.02 (Z ⊙ ), the closest value according with the total oxygen abundances derived. The (blue) solid lines represent in both plots the evolution of an instantaneous burst, while the (green) dashed lines do for a continuous star formation history with a constant star formation rate. The (light blue) horizontal bands in both panels represents the error in the measurement of the appropriate quantity for knot A. As noted in section 3.4.7, the quantities plotted depend strongly on metallicity. The models predict brightest and most prominent features for higher metallicity, according with the stellar model atmospheres for WR stars (Crowther, 2007). At the same time, we notice that in the instantaneous star formation the WR features appear during the interval between 2 and 5 Myr and they reach higher intensities. On the other hand, for a continuous star formation history, the WR features appear at the same age and, despite of reaching lower intensities, they converge to a non-zero value at older ages. By comparing the relative intensities and equivalent widths of the three knots, shown in Table 3.3, we see that all of them are larger than the model-predicted values for a constant star formation law, but match fairly well with the values predicted for an instantaneous burst
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94 3 • IFS <strong>of</strong> a GEHR <strong>in</strong> NGC 6946<br />
Radius F(Hα) L(Hα) Q(H 0 ) M(Hii)<br />
(pc) (erg cm −2 s −1 ) (erg s −1 ) (photon s −1 ) (M ⊙<br />
Knot A 190 1.93 × 10 −12 8.03 × 10 39 7.9 × 10 51 2.5 × 10 5<br />
Knot B 95 1.08 × 10 −13 4.52 × 10 38 4.5 × 10 50 1.5 × 10 4<br />
Knot C 115 3.76 × 10 −13 1.55 × 10 39 1.5 × 10 51 5.0 × 10 4<br />
Knot D 100 1.51 × 10 −13 6.28 × 10 38 6.2 × 10 50 2.0 × 10 4<br />
Table 3.10: Hα flux and derived parameters for the (mosaic) <strong>in</strong>tegr<strong>at</strong>ed spectra <strong>of</strong> the four knots.<br />
M HII = Q(H 0 ) m p<br />
n e α B<br />
The values are also listed <strong>in</strong> Table 3.10. All <strong>of</strong> them, given the assumptions <strong>of</strong> no dust<br />
absoption or photon leakage, represent lower limits.<br />
Table 3.10 also gives the estim<strong>at</strong>ed radius, <strong>in</strong> parsecs, <strong>of</strong> a circular aperture cover<strong>in</strong>g the<br />
sp<strong>at</strong>ial distribution <strong>of</strong> the fibers used <strong>in</strong> the <strong>in</strong>tegr<strong>at</strong>ed spectra <strong>of</strong> each knot. This value is<br />
not <strong>in</strong>tended to be accur<strong>at</strong>e, but to give an order <strong>of</strong> magnitude <strong>of</strong> the sizes <strong>in</strong>volved.<br />
As it can be seen, the lum<strong>in</strong>osities and masses <strong>of</strong> H + from this four knots are typical<br />
<strong>of</strong> giant Hii <strong>regions</strong> and can be compared to the case <strong>of</strong> NGC 5471. Knot A <strong>of</strong> NGC 6946<br />
is about a factor <strong>of</strong> 2 more lum<strong>in</strong>ous than Knot 1 <strong>in</strong> NGC 5471, while Knot C is similar<br />
to Knot 2 and the other two knots are <strong>of</strong> the same order <strong>of</strong> magnitude as Knot 4 or 10. It<br />
should be noted th<strong>at</strong> the sp<strong>at</strong>ial scales <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> each case are very <strong>different</strong>. While the<br />
effective radius <strong>of</strong> the knots <strong>of</strong> NGC 5471 are around 60 pc, <strong>in</strong> NGC 6946 the radii can be<br />
2 o 3 times larger.<br />
3.5.2 Derived properties <strong>of</strong> the WR popul<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
The detection and measurement <strong>of</strong> the WR blue bump <strong>in</strong> three <strong>of</strong> the four knots can be<br />
very useful for the <strong>study</strong> <strong>of</strong> the ioniz<strong>in</strong>g stellar popul<strong>at</strong>ion.<br />
In this way, it is possible to compare the observed rel<strong>at</strong>ive <strong>in</strong>tensities and equivalent<br />
widths <strong>of</strong> the WR bumps with the predictions <strong>of</strong> Starburst 99 (Leitherer et al., 1999) popul<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
synthesis models as a function <strong>of</strong> the metallicity, age and star form<strong>at</strong>ion law <strong>of</strong> the<br />
cluster. For this purpose, we have run a Starburst 99 model based on stellar model <strong>at</strong>mospheres<br />
from Smith et al. (2002), Geneva evolutionary tracks with high stellar mass loss<br />
(Meynet et al., 1994), a Kroupa Initial Mass Function (IMF; Kroupa, 2002) <strong>in</strong> two <strong>in</strong>tervals<br />
(0.1-0.5 and 0.5-100 M ⊙ ) with <strong>different</strong> exponents (1.3 and 2.3 respectively), a metallicity<br />
<strong>of</strong> Z = 0.02, the theoretical w<strong>in</strong>d model (Leitherer et al., 1992) and a supernova cut-<strong>of</strong>f <strong>of</strong> 8<br />
M ⊙ .<br />
In Figure 3.26 we show the predicted equivalent width and rel<strong>at</strong>ive <strong>in</strong>tensity to Hβ for