EEP Crowned pigeon number 4

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EEP STUDBOOK CROWNED PIGEONS 6.1 Crowned Pigeons: Species or sub-species? Scientists are not sure whether the three species are real species or sub-species to one species. According to Goodwin (1983) a species can be defined as a number of individuals all of which show more resemblance to each other than to other species, interbreed freely with each other, and do not normally breed with members of another species’. Both in the wild and in captivity, hybrids can be found. In the Siriwo River region of north-western New Guinea Goura Victoria and Goura Cristata meet and hybridise (Goodwin, 1983). This paper describes in short the position of crowned pigeons within the taxonomic system and the history of the island of New Guinea to support the discussion whether there are three species or three subspecies of crowned pigeons. Taxonomic position of crowned pigeons The class of birds (aves), within the vertebrates (vertebrata), consists of 34 orders, and crowned pigeons belong to the order of pigeons and doves (Columbiformes). This order, on its turn, originally comprised three families: the sandgrouse (Pteroclidadae), the dodos (Raphinae), which became extinct during the 17th and 18th centuries (Harrison (ed.), 1978) and the pigeons (Columbidae). The Columbidae comprises 4 subfamilies with a total of 43 genera and some 255 species of pigeons. They are found in most parts of the world except for polar and subpolar regions and some oceanic islands. The term ‘pigeon’ is sometimes used to denote the larger species, in contrast to the smaller species which are known as ‘doves’, but the terms are not consistently used and are not based on any real biological distinction (Goodwin, 1983). Pigeons are unique among birds in that their young are fed on a nutritious substance known as‘crop-milk’ (Baptista, et al., 1997). Group Vertebrata Vertebrates Class Aves Birds Sub-class Neornithes True birds Superorder Neognathae Typical Birds Order Columbiformes Sandgrouse and Pigeons Sub-Order Columbae Pigeons, Dodos and Solitaires Family Columbidae Pigeons, Doves Sub-family Gourinae Crowned pigeons Genus Goura Crowned pigeons Species (e.g.) cristata Common crowned pigeon Sub-species (e.g.) Minor Lesser common crowned pigeon The four subfamilies are the Columbinae (including typical pigeons and doves), Treroninae (containing fruit pigeons and fruit doves), the Gourinae (containing only crowned pigeons) and the Didunculinae (contains but the one species of tooth-billed pigeon - Didunculus strigirostris) (Goodwin, 1983). The subfamily of Gourinae consists of only one genus: the Goura, firstly described by Stephens, 1819 (Baptista, et al., 1997). A genus is a group of species that are closely related to each other and all of whose members appear to be more closely akin to other species within the same genus than they are to any other species of other genera (Goodwin, 1983). 80
EEP STUDBOOK CROWNED PIGEONS The birds of this genus are the largest amongst the order of Columbiformes. Years ago eight species were admitted to the studbook, and still in the latest revision six or seven (EEP Pigeon & Dove TAG, 1997) forms appear, but the species have been reduced to three (Iredale, 1956). The 3 species of Goura each comprise 2 subspecies. The form of the species which was first described and named in a publication is usually called the nominate form. Genus Species sub-species Described by Goura cristata cristata Pallas, 1764 Goura cristata minor Schlegel, 1864 Goura victoria victoria Fräser, 1844 Goura victoria beccarii Salvadori,1876 Goura scheepmakeri scheepmakeri Finsch, 1876 Goura scheepmakeri Sclaterii Salvadori, 1876 Different names for the Goura cristata (Pallas, 1764) Language Name Scientific Columba cristata, Pallas 1764 Goura cinerea, Hartert Goura coronata Pidgin Guria Balus guria English Blue crowned pigeon Common crowned pigeon Grey crowned pigeon Blue goura Grey goura Spanish Paloma crestada azul French Goura couronne German Blauschopfkrontaube Krontaube Italian Gura coronata Dutch Kroonduif Waaierduif Gewone kroonduif 81
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European Studbook Number 4 Crowned
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EEP STUDBOOK CROWNED PIGEONS PROLOG
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