EEP Crowned pigeon number 4

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EEP STUDBOOK CROWNED PIGEONS SUMMARIES 1.5 Recommendations for ex situ management A crowned pigeon EEP Species Committee meeting chaired by species coordinator Ing. Joeke Nijboer (Rotterdam) was held in 1997. It was agreed that the EEP would offer to take the seven remaining Goura scheepmakeri in North America as suggested by the crowned pigeon SSP. It was also agreed that a location to experiment with pair formation within a group of crowned pigeons would be searched for, as reproductive results might improve if the birds were given the opportunity to choose their own mates. It was suggested that the incoming group of Goura scheepmakeri would provide a good opportunity to make an attempt. It was proposed that the U.K. would focus on Goura victoria (Bolton, 1997). Nest heights: a pair of Goura victoria nested 3 - 4 m from the ground level when the choice is given, while a pair of Goura scheepmakeri at Copenhagen Zoo nested 2 - 2.5 m from the ground when given a free choice (Bolton, 1997). The goal for a breeding program for crowned pigeons determines whether seperate breeding programs for sub-species are required. If re-introduction of captive-born individuals into the original populations belongs to one of the topics in the future, even each island-form of the common crowned pigeon should be bred in separate enclosures. Hybridization of sub-species/ populations might be allowed when preservation of the captive population or introduction under semi-wild conditions are the only options. In the latter case, it is merely a matter of opinion where zoos show "pure" forms or a lookalike of a species. Hybridization will probably not result in outbreeding depression, which can occur when sub-species or populations are so genetically different that hybridization will result in offspring with reduced fitness (Templeton, et al., 1986). Outbreeding depression is expected to occur when isolated populations are genetically adapted to specific conditions in their environment. Since the (sub-)species of crowned pigeons seem to inhabit the same type of environment, special genetic adaptations are not expected. The three species of Goura seem not to differ in chromosomal features (De Boer and Belterman; Belterman and De Boer in Assink, 1988). Recent DNA-research (Bohmke and Patton in Wetzel, 1991) proved that the DNA pattern of the three species are so much different from each other, that the DNA pattern does not point to different sub-species, but must be considered as three species. The close affinity of the "pure" species, indicates that the period of isolation of their islandforms might be too short to develop large genetic differences (Assink, 1988). Assink suggested maintaining a breeding program for Goura victoria and also one for Goura cristata and don’t differ between the sub-species. The differences between the two subspecies of Goura scheepmakeri are larger, so he would like to start separate breeding programs for each subspecies of Goura scheepmakeri, but the low number of both populations does not allow a division into two breeding populations (Assink, 1988). The breeding success of crowned pigeons in captivity is low in comparison to the number of offsprings they can produce theoretically. It is important to know how many birds are required to maintain viable populations. 12
EEP STUDBOOK CROWNED PIGEONS SUMMARIES The carrying capacity is determined by the so-called Minimal Viable Population size (MVP): the size of a population that is large enough to reduce genetic loss per generation to acceptable levels. Calculations show that the minimum population size needs to be at least 240 individuals for each species (Assink, 1988). At the moment (data 31 December 1996), there only are 100 Common Crowned Pigeons, 137 Victoria Crowned Pigeons and 70 Scheepmaker's Crowned Pigeons in the EEP programme (Rietkerk, et al. (Eds.), 1998). It is the aim of this EEP to try to stabilize the European population of crowned Pigeons (Nijboer, 1990). During the last years many wild crowned pigeons have been captured and illegally imported into Europe. Because of these illegal imports official steps have to be taken to take control of this situation (Nijboer, 1990). 13
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