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80 Appa Rao, S., and Mengesha, M . H . 1982. Germplasm collection in Zimbabwe. Genetic Resources Unit Progress Report no. 41. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. (Limited distribution.) Appa Rao, S. and Reddy, C.R. 1980. Collection of pearl millet germplasm in Uttar Pradesh. Genetic Resources Unit Progress Report no. 13. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi- Arid Tropics. (Limited distribution.) Appa Rao, S., Gupta, S.C., House. L.R., Mushonga, J.N., and Muza, R.F. 1985a. Pearl millet germplasm from S A D C C countries. Presented at the Second Regional S A D C C / I C R I S A T Workshop, 23-27 Sep 1985, Gaborone, Botswana. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. (Limited distribution.) Appa Rao, S., Mengesha, M . H . , and Sharma, D. 1985b. Collection and evaluation of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) germplasm from Ghana. Economic Botany 39: 25-38. Appa Rao, S., Nwasike, C.C., and Mengesha, M . H . (In press.) Pearl millet germplasm collection in northern Nigeria. Genetic Resources Collection Report, Patancheru. A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. (Limited distribution). Bidinger, F.R., Mahalakshmi, V., Talukdar, B.S., and Alagarswamy, G. 1982. Improvement of drought resistance in pearl millet. Pages 357-375 in Drought resistance in crops with emphasis on rice. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute. Bilquez, A.P., and Le Conte, J. 1969. Relations entre les mils sauvages et mils cultives. Etude de l'hybride Pennisetum typhoides Stapf et Hubb. x P. violaceum L.(Rich.).(In Fr. Summaries in En, Es.) Agronomie Tropicale 24:249-257. Bono, M. 1973. Contribution a la morpho-systematique des Pennisetum annuels cultives pour leur grain en Afrique occidentale francophone. (In Fr. Summaries in En, Es.) Agronomie Tropicale 28:229-356. Bramel-Cox, P.J., Andrews, D.J., Bidinger, F.R., and Frey, K.J. 1984. A rapid method of evaluating growth rate in pearl millet and its weedy and wild relatives. Crop Science 24:1187-1191. Brunken, J.N. 1977. A systematic study of Pennisetum sect. Pennisetum(Gramineae). American Journal of Botany- 64:161-176. Brunken, J.N. 1979. Morphometric variation and the classification of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula in tropical Africa. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 79:51-64. Brunken, J.N., de Wet, J.M.J., and Harlan,J.R. 1977. The morphology and domestication of pearl millet. Economic Botany 31:163-174. Burton, G.W. 1976. Gene loss in pearl millet germplasm pools. Crop Science 16:251-255. Burton, G.W. 1979. Handling cross pollinated germplasm efficiently. Crop Science 19:685-690. Burton, G.W. 1982. Developing superior inbreds from exotic germplasm of pearl millet. Crop Science 22:653-655. Burton, G.W. 1983. Breeding pearl millet. Pages 162-182 in Plant breeding reviews (Janick, J., ed.) Vol. 1. Westport, Connecticut, USA: A V I Publishing Co. Burton, G.W. 1985. Collection, evaluation and storage of pearl millet germplasm. Field Crops Research 11:123-129. Chang, T.T. 1985a. Preservation of crop germplasm. Iowa State Journal of Research 59:365-378. Chang, T.T. 1985b. Germplasm enhancement and utilization. Iowa State Journal of Research 59:399-424. Chantereau, J., and Etasse, C. 1976. Creation de populations naines de mil Pennisetum (Pennisetum typhoides stapf) au Niger. (In Fr. Summaries in En, Es.) Agronomie Tropicale 31:254-257. Clement, J.C. 1985a. Les mils penicillaires de l'Afrique de l'Ouest: prospections et collectes. (In Fr.) Rome, Italy: International Board for Plant Genetic Resources. 231 pp. Clement, J.C. 1985b. Prospection des mils penicillaires en Afrique de l'Ouest: Mauritanie. (In Fr.) Paris, France: O R S T O M (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer). 4 pp. (Limited distibution.) Davies, O.1968. The origins of agriculture in West Africa. Current Anthropology 9:479-482. Dujardin, M . , and Hanna, W.W. 1983a. Meiotic and reproductive behavior of facultative apomictic BC 1 offspring derived from Pennisetum americanum-P. orientale interspecific hybrids. Crop Science 23:156-160. 12 ref. Dujardin, M . , and Hanna, W.W. 1983b. Apomictic and sexual pearl millet x Pennisetum squamulatum hybrids. Journal of Heredity 74:277-279. E A A F R O (East African Agriculture and Forestry Research Organization). 1974. Record of research. Annual report 1982. Nairobi, Kenya: E A A F R O . Ellis, R.H., Hong, T.D., and Roberts, E.H. (eds.) 1985. Handbook of seed technology for gene banks. 2 vols. Rome, Italy: International Board for Plant Genetic Resources. Gast, M . , and Adrian, J. 1965. Mils et sorgho en Ahaggar: etude ethnologique et nutritionelle. (In Fr.) Memoires du Centre de Recherches Anthropologiques, Prehistoriques et Ethnographiques. Conseil de la Recherche Scientifique en Algerie. 4:1-80. Hanna, W.W. 1983. Gcrmplasm transfer from Pennisetum purpureum to P. americanum. Agronomy Abstracts. p. 66.
Hanna, W . W . , Wells, H . D . , and Burton, G.W. 1985. D o m - inant gene for rust resistance in pearl millet. Journal of Heredity 76:134. Harlan, J.R. 1973. Genetic resources of some major field crops in Africa. Pages 53-55 in Survey of crop genetic resources in their centers of diversity (Frankel, O.H., ed.). Rome, Italy: F A O . Harlan, J.R. 1975. Crops and Man. Madison, Wisconsin, USA: American Society of Agronomy, and Crop Science Society of America. 295 pp. Hawkes, J.G. 1981. Germplasm collection, preservation, and use. Pages 57-83 in Plant breeding II (Frey, K.J., ed.). Ames, Iowa, USA: Iowa State University Press. IBPGR (International Board for Plant Genetic Resources). 1976. Proceedings of the Meeting of the Advisory Committee on Sorghum and Millets Germplasm, 3-7 Oct 1976, I C R I S A T Center, India. Patancheru, A. P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi- Arid Tropics. (Limited distibution). IBPGR-ICRISAT (International Board for Plant Genetic Resources-International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics). 1981. Pearl millet descriptors. Rome, Italy: IBPGR. 34 pp. I C R I S A T (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics). 1985. Annual report 1984. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: ICRISAT. I N R A N (Institut National de Recherches Agronomiques du Niger). 1985. Catalogue des varietes recommandees de mil, sorgho, niebe et autres cultures du Niger. (In Fr.) Niamey, Niger: I N R A N . 66 pp. ISC (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi- Arid Tropics, Sahelian Center). 1985. Record of the Regional Workshop on Pearl Millet Improvement, 31 Aug-4 Sep 1984, Niamey, Niger. Niamey, Niger: ISC. 280 pp. Jain, R.P. 1981. Report of the Sudan cooperative sorghum and millet crop improvement program 1980. Wad Medani, Sudan: Agricultural Research Corporation. 130 pp. (Limited distribution.) Joshi, A.B., Ahluwalia,M., and Shankar,K. 1961. " I m - proved Ghana" is a better bajra. Indian Farming 11(5): 12. Krull, C.F., and Borlaug, N.E. 1970. The utilization of collections in plant breeding and production. Pages 427- 439 in Genetic resources in plants their exploration and conservation (Frankel, O.H., and Bennett, E., eds.). London, U K : International Biological Programme. Lambert, C. 1982. L ' I R A T et l'amelioration du mil. (In Fr. Summaries in En, Es.) Agronomie Tropicale 38:78-88. Lawrence, E. 1975. Future in the past. Nature 258:278-279. Lohani, S.L. 1985. ICRISAT-Burkina Faso pearl millet improvement program: final report. Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Burkina Faso Cooperative Program. 66 pp. (Limited distribution.) Marchais, L. 1975. La variabilite naturelle connue chez des mils penicillaires cultives et sauvages: inventaire en vue d'une prospection en Afrique de l'Ouest.(In Fr.) Paris, France: O R S T O M (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer). 41 pp. Marchais, L. 1982. La diversite phenotypique des mils penicillaires cultives au Senegal et au Mali. (In Fr. Summaries in En, Es.) Agronomie Tropicale 37:68-80. Marchais, L., and Pernes, J. 1985. Genetic divergence between wild and cultivated pearl millets (Pennisctum typhoides).l. Male sterility. Zeitschrift fuer Pflanzenzuchtung 95:103-112. Murty, B.R., Upadhyay, M . K . , and Manchanda, P.L. 1967. Classification and cataloguing of a world collection of genetic stocks of Pennisetum. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 27 (Special number):313-394. NAS (National Academy of Sciences). 1972. Genetic vulnerability of major crops. Washington, D.C., USA: NAS. Pernes, J., Combes, D., and Leblanc, J . M . , 1984. Le mil. (In Fr.) Pages 157-197 in Gestion des ressources genetiques des plantes (Pernes, J., ed.). Vol. 1. Paris, France: Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique. Peters, L.V. 1967. Bullrush millet (pearl millet) Pennisetum typhoides in Uganda and East Africa. Sols Africains 12:153-157. Porteres, R. 1976. African cereals: Eleusine, fonio, black fonio, teff, Bracharia, Paspalum, Pennisetum and African rice. Pages 409-452 in Origins of African plant domestication (Harlan, J.R., de Wet, J.M.J., and Stemler, A . B . L . , eds.). The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton Press. Purseglove, J.W. 1976. Millets. Pages 91-93 in Evolution of crop plants (Simmonds, N.W.,ed.). London,UK: Longman. Rachie, K.O., and Majmudar, J.V. 1980. Pearl millet. University Park, Pennsylvania, USA: Pennsylvania State University Press. 307 pp. Rao, K.E.P., and Mengesha, M . H . 1980. Sorghum and millets in Tanzania. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter 42:21-23. Roger, Z.G., and Ramaiah, K.V. 1983. Screening of pearl millet cultivars for resistance to Striga hermonthica. Pages 81 and 83-86 in Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Striga, 5-8 Oct 1981, I D R C / I C R I S A T , Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi- Arid Tropics. 81
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Cover: Ex-Bornu, an important landr
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Correct citation: I C R I S A T (In
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Pearl Millet Entomology Insect Pest
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Potential and Prospects of Pearl Mi
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tropical countries i t w i l l be v
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Opening Session
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globusum has globose caryopses, and
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Area, Production, and Productivity:
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area increased substantially in Raj
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apply complex fertilizer at 20-60 k
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Diseases. Diseases are endemic to p
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levels of adoption. The relative co
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Socioeconomic Factors Management. T
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Pearl Millet in African Agriculture
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The poor performance in food produc
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900 800 700 600 Mean 500 400 300 20
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population pressures in recent year
Page 38 and 39:
Economics of Millet Production In 1
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ather than to yield increases, show
Page 42: Simpara, M. B. 1985. La recherche s
Page 45 and 46: making it possible to grow a number
Page 47 and 48: in about 30 accessions. Unlike mono
Page 49 and 50: genome male-sterile lines, and A A
Page 51 and 52: Pearl m i l l e t (Pennisetum ameri
Page 53 and 54: Vasil, V., and Vasil, I . K . 1981a
Page 55 and 56: Introduction Pearl millet (Penniset
Page 57 and 58: Clean sorghum o r m i l l e t G r i
Page 60 and 61: peas, peanuts, or baobab leaves. Wh
Page 62 and 63: Beer Two major kinds of beer are pr
Page 64 and 65: properties for pearl millets. It is
Page 66 and 67: 54 Figure 9. A. Pearl millet with a
Page 68 and 69: the germ (McDonough 1986). The high
Page 70 and 71: Table 6. Nitrogen distribution in s
Page 72 and 73: Banigo, E.O.I., de Man, J.B., and D
Page 75 and 76: Discussion The discussion of the pa
Page 77: Improvement through Plant Breeding
Page 81 and 82: Diversity and Utilization of Pearl
Page 83 and 84: with protruding grains, but in the
Page 85 and 86: Table 2. Pearl millet accessions as
Page 87 and 88: lese millets constitute two distinc
Page 89 and 90: turn, P. purpureum, (Dujardin and H
Page 91: more to useful genetic diversificat
Page 107 and 108: Varietal Improvement of Pearl Mille
Page 109 and 110: the weedy form can significantly in
Page 111 and 112: Table 3. Evaluation of heterosis in
Page 113 and 114: Table 4. Grain yield of local 3/4 p
Page 115 and 116: ased on selection of drought-resist
Page 117: Marchais, L., and Pernes, J. 1985.
Page 120 and 121: Andrews 1984), there are operationa
Page 122 and 123: S h o r t - t e r m g o a l s I n t
Page 124 and 125: Table 4a. Prediction equations, adv
Page 126 and 127: Table 4c. Prediction equations, adv
Page 128 and 129: Nebraska B s y n t h e t i c o r i
Page 130 and 131: 6 P o p u l a t i o n c r o s s e s
Page 133 and 134: Pearl Millet Hybrids H . R . Dave 1
Page 135 and 136: Table 2. Early released hybrids in
Page 137 and 138: Table 6. Performance of third phase
Page 139 and 140: Breeding Pearl Millet Male-Sterile
Page 141 and 142: Table 1. Male-sterile lines of pear
Page 143 and 144:
Senegal. This source is reported to
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possible solutions to produce high
Page 147 and 148:
selected from IP 2696 has recently
Page 149:
Burton, G.W., and Athwal, D.S. 1967
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Biological Factors Affecting Pearl
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Moderator's Overview Biological Fac
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Introduction Downy mildew of pearl
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2 3 1 2 4 6 I 5 3 1 A s e x u a l s
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however, that wind plays an importa
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Figure 4. Figure assembly to demons
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in sterilized distilled water. Leav
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Frederiksen, R.A., and Rosenow, D .
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Tasugi, H. 1933. Studies on Japanes
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(Decarvalho 1949), Nigeria (King an
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Table 1. Differential and stable do
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ness against certain Phycomycetes (
Page 180 and 181:
Large s c a l e f i e l d s c r e e
Page 182 and 183:
References A I C M I P ( A U India
Page 184 and 185:
Sun, M . H . , Chang, S.S., and Tsa
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Introduction Ergot (Claviceps fusif
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antidotale (Thakur and Kanwar 1978)
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Table 1. Performance of some select
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Table 4. Performance of some select
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Siddiqui, M . R . , and Khan, I . D
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184
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186
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188
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190
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192
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194
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Sahelian Zone Tunisia 0 km 1000 Mor
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eflexa, and other scarab beetle spe
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200 Partially Burning, Bagging, and
Page 214 and 215:
Table 1. Predators, parasites, and
Page 216 and 217:
References Appert, J. 1957. Les Par
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Role and Utilization of Microbial A
Page 221 and 222:
located through the root phloem. In
Page 223 and 224:
They are not strong competitors in
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Fred, E.B., Baldwin, I . L . , and
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Climatic and Edaphic Limitations to
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much larger, about 2-4 kPa. Differe
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over the range that occurs in the f
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224 top 2 m holds from 100-250 mm o
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The conservative nature of qD is ex
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228 Table 4. Root and shoot charact
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Research on all these responses sho
Page 245 and 246:
Making Millet Improvement Objective
Page 247 and 248:
Table 1. Percentage of cultivated a
Page 249 and 250:
• Well adapted, early-maturity, l
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in tests conducted by ICRISAT on fa
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ing a relatively good year in the S
Page 255 and 256:
stress, as well as to genetic diffe
Page 257:
Norman, D . W . , Newman, M . D . ,
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919.0 1212.0, Total area: 11.19 m i
Page 262 and 263:
Table 4. Economics of pearl millet
Page 264 and 265:
Azospirillum as a Seed Inoculant Az
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Management Practices to Increase Yi
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1500 1300 1100 900 700 500 300 100
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a physical form similar to SSP and
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Tillage The beneficial effects of t
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tivars of different maturity groups
Page 277 and 278:
as fertility. The nitrogen contribu
Page 279 and 280:
Greenland, D.J. 1958. Nitrate fluct
Page 281 and 282:
Breeding for Adaptation to Environm
Page 283 and 284:
15 S i k a r D i s t r i c t 15 Nia
Page 285 and 286:
Table 2. Percentage of variation in
Page 287 and 288:
Table 3. Correlation of the drought
Page 289 and 290:
Selection for Traits Correlated to
Page 291:
Discussion Squire's paper drew on d
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Androgenesis and Enzymatic Diversit
Page 297 and 298:
Research on Pearl Millet Hybrids in
Page 299 and 300:
La couleur des grains est variable.
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processed in different ways dependi
Page 303 and 304:
Genetic Divergence in Landraces of
Page 305 and 306:
Pearl Millet Regional Trials by CIL
Page 307 and 308:
cultural practices such as early pl
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Host-Plant Resistance to Insect Pes
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of synthetics and composite varieti
Page 313 and 314:
Pearl Millet Microbiology Potential
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available phosphate level in the so
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Pearl Millet Production in Drier Ar
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with cowpea system was the most eff
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Pearl Millet Pathology Disease Inci
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diseases hitherto undescribed are c
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Stunt and Counter-Stunt Symptoms in
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promising sources of resistance: Se
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69-188 mm for total seedling length
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un certain nombre de contraintes d'
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Priorities for Crop Protection Rese
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• those falling into other discip
Page 339 and 340:
Striga Breeding for resistance to S
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ting improved cultivars to existing
Page 345 and 346:
Survey of Pearl Millet Production a
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Table 4. Major constraints to produ
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Table 6. Extent of cultivation of r
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Table 10. Area planted to released
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Table 12. Production area and produ
Page 357 and 358:
Participants Botswana Louis Mazhani
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Madhya Pradesh G.S. Chauhan Millet
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M . N . Prasad Professor & Head Cot
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S.K. Manzo Plant Pathologist Depart
Page 365 and 366:
ICRISAT Center S. Appa Rao Botanist
Page 367 and 368:
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