RA 00110.pdf - OAR@ICRISAT

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Potential and Prospects of Pearl Millet as a Crop for Intensive Agriculture in Gujarat The Potential of Pearl Millet as a Grain Crop in the Central Great Plains of the U S A Strategy to Raise Pearl Millet Productivity through Intensive Agriculture Agronomy for the Realization of Yield Potential of Pearl M i l l e t — A Speculation La culture du mil—face aux contraintes de l'agriculture intensive Constaints to Intensive Cultivation of Pearl Millet J.C. Patel, H . R . Dave, and D . D . Malavia W . D . Stegmeier, B. Khaleeq, and T.L.Harvey K . R . Chopra Choong W o o n Hong A. Thiam et S.C.Gupta A.Thiam and S.C.Gupta 316 316 317 317 318 319 Plenary Session 321 Pearl Millet Production Survey 331 Participants 343
Welcome and Inaugural Address L . D . Swindale 1 It is my pleasure to welcome y o u a l l to I C R I S A T and to this first session of the International Pearl M i l l e t W o r k s h o p . This is the d r y and hot season for us here at Hyderabad; the season between the end of winter and the c o m i n g of rains late in June. A time when we are reminded of the tropical nature and even sometimes the nearly arid nature of our environments, but when we also have the hope and promise o f better days ahead once the rains begin to f a l l . Y o u w i l l see little experimental w o r k in the fields right n o w for obvious reasons, but our pearl millet p r o g r a m has worked diligently to provide y o u w i t h a series of demonstration plots in order to show y o u various aspects of o u r w o r k . A l t h o u g h there is little experimental w o r k going on in the field, there is a great deal g o i n g on in preparing f o r the season. It is indeed a very busy time in I C R I S A T as it must be in y o u r o w n institutes as well. I hope y o u w i l l take the opportunities that come to y o u d u r i n g the week to l o o k around I C R I S A T to familiarize yourself w i t h what we have here, meet your colleagues and talk about pearl millet and how we may w o r k together on this crop. It is the fifth most important cereal. It is particularly i m p o r t a n t in A f r i c a , and again most particularly in West A f r i c a . These rather d r y statements of fact do not indicate its true importance, its critical nature, w h i c h is due to the fact that it is really the last i m p o r t a n t cereal crop in arable farming. Beyond pearl millet we move f r o m arable farming into pasture activities and even less intensive forms of agriculture. F o r the millet is the staple cereal, there is no serious alternative. W h e n the millet fails, nothing else can be substituted, and that is w h y it is such a critical crop and w h y it is so important that a great deal of research time should be given to i t . It deserves attention there beyond what the statistics of millet in the w o r l d or even in the developing w o r l d might indicate. Furthermore as y o u k n o w , I ' m t a l k i n g largely about the subsistence economy; of people w h o provide most of their o w n foods. They use t r a d i t i o n a l types of varieties and change is relatively slow b o t h in the varieties they use and the products they make f r o m them. We are aware of the importance of producing new and better cultivars w h i c h fit into the traditional way of d o i n g things and w h i c h can be converted into the traditional food products that are made f r o m pearl millet. M i l l e t has played a greater role or place in the w o r l d of cereals, for many r u r a l people in the past in eastern and southern A f r i c a , but it has declined in importance over the last 30-50 years because of a preference for maize. The decline has been compounded by increased research on maize leading to greater productivity of the crop and by the incentives given to maize p r o d u c t i o n t h r o u g h government policies. Maize has been g r o w n , as a result, in d r y conditions to w h i c h it is not adapted and it has failed too often in these conditions. Governments have come to realize this as well as the people themselves. So it is now necessary to re-establish the importance of sorghum and millet in these drier areas and to do so we must make the p r o d u c t i o n of these crops attractive enough so that they can compete w i t h maize, not only in the worst and most severe droughts but in at least a majority of years. Here is w o r k for the scientists in millet. B u t in the l o n g r u n , even in A f r i c a , maize is not the problem at all. The p r o b l e m is wheat, or more correctly, bread. Politicians are going to give the people bread. They have been saying this f o r a long, l o n g time, and they mean i t . Technocrats may decry this trend, particul a r l y in t r o p i c a l areas where wheat cannot be g r o w n satisfactorily, but I can assure y o u that the protestations w i l l be to little avail. They may slow the process d o w n but they w i l l not stop i t . The people o f the cities want bread, and elected officials w i l l ensure that they get i t . They are already exposed to bread and they w i l l ask f o r i t , they w i l l insist u p o n i t , and they w i l l get i t . In many 1. D i r e c t o r General, I n t e r n a t i o n a l Crops Research Institute f o r the S e m i - A r i d Tropics ( I C R I S A T ) , Patancheru, A . P . 502 324, I n d i a . ix
Page 2 and 3: Cover: Ex-Bornu, an important landr
Page 4 and 5: Correct citation: I C R I S A T (In
Page 6 and 7: Pearl Millet Entomology Insect Pest
Page 10 and 11: tropical countries i t w i l l be v
Page 12: Opening Session
Page 15 and 16: globusum has globose caryopses, and
Page 17 and 18: Area, Production, and Productivity:
Page 19 and 20: area increased substantially in Raj
Page 21 and 22: apply complex fertilizer at 20-60 k
Page 23 and 24: Diseases. Diseases are endemic to p
Page 25 and 26: levels of adoption. The relative co
Page 27 and 28: Socioeconomic Factors Management. T
Page 30 and 31: Pearl Millet in African Agriculture
Page 32 and 33: The poor performance in food produc
Page 34 and 35: 900 800 700 600 Mean 500 400 300 20
Page 36 and 37: population pressures in recent year
Page 38 and 39: Economics of Millet Production In 1
Page 40 and 41: ather than to yield increases, show
Page 42: Simpara, M. B. 1985. La recherche s
Page 45 and 46: making it possible to grow a number
Page 47 and 48: in about 30 accessions. Unlike mono
Page 49 and 50: genome male-sterile lines, and A A
Page 51 and 52: Pearl m i l l e t (Pennisetum ameri
Page 53 and 54: Vasil, V., and Vasil, I . K . 1981a
Page 55 and 56: Introduction Pearl millet (Penniset
Page 57 and 58: Clean sorghum o r m i l l e t G r i
Page 60 and 61:
peas, peanuts, or baobab leaves. Wh
Page 62 and 63:
Beer Two major kinds of beer are pr
Page 64 and 65:
properties for pearl millets. It is
Page 66 and 67:
54 Figure 9. A. Pearl millet with a
Page 68 and 69:
the germ (McDonough 1986). The high
Page 70 and 71:
Table 6. Nitrogen distribution in s
Page 72 and 73:
Banigo, E.O.I., de Man, J.B., and D
Page 75 and 76:
Discussion The discussion of the pa
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Improvement through Plant Breeding
Page 81 and 82:
Diversity and Utilization of Pearl
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with protruding grains, but in the
Page 85 and 86:
Table 2. Pearl millet accessions as
Page 87 and 88:
lese millets constitute two distinc
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turn, P. purpureum, (Dujardin and H
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more to useful genetic diversificat
Page 93 and 94:
Hanna, W . W . , Wells, H . D . , a
Page 107 and 108:
Varietal Improvement of Pearl Mille
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the weedy form can significantly in
Page 111 and 112:
Table 3. Evaluation of heterosis in
Page 113 and 114:
Table 4. Grain yield of local 3/4 p
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ased on selection of drought-resist
Page 117:
Marchais, L., and Pernes, J. 1985.
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Andrews 1984), there are operationa
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S h o r t - t e r m g o a l s I n t
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Table 4a. Prediction equations, adv
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Table 4c. Prediction equations, adv
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Nebraska B s y n t h e t i c o r i
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6 P o p u l a t i o n c r o s s e s
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Pearl Millet Hybrids H . R . Dave 1
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Table 2. Early released hybrids in
Page 137 and 138:
Table 6. Performance of third phase
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Breeding Pearl Millet Male-Sterile
Page 141 and 142:
Table 1. Male-sterile lines of pear
Page 143 and 144:
Senegal. This source is reported to
Page 145 and 146:
possible solutions to produce high
Page 147 and 148:
selected from IP 2696 has recently
Page 149:
Burton, G.W., and Athwal, D.S. 1967
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Biological Factors Affecting Pearl
Page 157:
Moderator's Overview Biological Fac
Page 160 and 161:
Introduction Downy mildew of pearl
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2 3 1 2 4 6 I 5 3 1 A s e x u a l s
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however, that wind plays an importa
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Figure 4. Figure assembly to demons
Page 168 and 169:
in sterilized distilled water. Leav
Page 170 and 171:
Frederiksen, R.A., and Rosenow, D .
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Tasugi, H. 1933. Studies on Japanes
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(Decarvalho 1949), Nigeria (King an
Page 176 and 177:
Table 1. Differential and stable do
Page 178 and 179:
ness against certain Phycomycetes (
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Large s c a l e f i e l d s c r e e
Page 182 and 183:
References A I C M I P ( A U India
Page 184 and 185:
Sun, M . H . , Chang, S.S., and Tsa
Page 186 and 187:
Introduction Ergot (Claviceps fusif
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antidotale (Thakur and Kanwar 1978)
Page 190 and 191:
Table 1. Performance of some select
Page 192 and 193:
Table 4. Performance of some select
Page 194 and 195:
Siddiqui, M . R . , and Khan, I . D
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184
Page 198 and 199:
186
Page 200 and 201:
188
Page 202 and 203:
190
Page 204 and 205:
192
Page 206 and 207:
194
Page 208 and 209:
Sahelian Zone Tunisia 0 km 1000 Mor
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eflexa, and other scarab beetle spe
Page 212 and 213:
200 Partially Burning, Bagging, and
Page 214 and 215:
Table 1. Predators, parasites, and
Page 216 and 217:
References Appert, J. 1957. Les Par
Page 219 and 220:
Role and Utilization of Microbial A
Page 221 and 222:
located through the root phloem. In
Page 223 and 224:
They are not strong competitors in
Page 225:
Fred, E.B., Baldwin, I . L . , and
Page 229:
Climatic and Edaphic Limitations to
Page 232 and 233:
much larger, about 2-4 kPa. Differe
Page 234 and 235:
over the range that occurs in the f
Page 236 and 237:
224 top 2 m holds from 100-250 mm o
Page 238 and 239:
The conservative nature of qD is ex
Page 240 and 241:
228 Table 4. Root and shoot charact
Page 242 and 243:
Research on all these responses sho
Page 245 and 246:
Making Millet Improvement Objective
Page 247 and 248:
Table 1. Percentage of cultivated a
Page 249 and 250:
• Well adapted, early-maturity, l
Page 251 and 252:
in tests conducted by ICRISAT on fa
Page 253 and 254:
ing a relatively good year in the S
Page 255 and 256:
stress, as well as to genetic diffe
Page 257:
Norman, D . W . , Newman, M . D . ,
Page 260 and 261:
919.0 1212.0, Total area: 11.19 m i
Page 262 and 263:
Table 4. Economics of pearl millet
Page 264 and 265:
Azospirillum as a Seed Inoculant Az
Page 267 and 268:
Management Practices to Increase Yi
Page 269 and 270:
1500 1300 1100 900 700 500 300 100
Page 271 and 272:
a physical form similar to SSP and
Page 273 and 274:
Tillage The beneficial effects of t
Page 275 and 276:
tivars of different maturity groups
Page 277 and 278:
as fertility. The nitrogen contribu
Page 279 and 280:
Greenland, D.J. 1958. Nitrate fluct
Page 281 and 282:
Breeding for Adaptation to Environm
Page 283 and 284:
15 S i k a r D i s t r i c t 15 Nia
Page 285 and 286:
Table 2. Percentage of variation in
Page 287 and 288:
Table 3. Correlation of the drought
Page 289 and 290:
Selection for Traits Correlated to
Page 291:
Discussion Squire's paper drew on d
Page 295 and 296:
Androgenesis and Enzymatic Diversit
Page 297 and 298:
Research on Pearl Millet Hybrids in
Page 299 and 300:
La couleur des grains est variable.
Page 301 and 302:
processed in different ways dependi
Page 303 and 304:
Genetic Divergence in Landraces of
Page 305 and 306:
Pearl Millet Regional Trials by CIL
Page 307 and 308:
cultural practices such as early pl
Page 309 and 310:
Host-Plant Resistance to Insect Pes
Page 311 and 312:
of synthetics and composite varieti
Page 313 and 314:
Pearl Millet Microbiology Potential
Page 315 and 316:
available phosphate level in the so
Page 317 and 318:
Pearl Millet Production in Drier Ar
Page 319 and 320:
with cowpea system was the most eff
Page 321 and 322:
Pearl Millet Pathology Disease Inci
Page 323 and 324:
diseases hitherto undescribed are c
Page 325 and 326:
Stunt and Counter-Stunt Symptoms in
Page 327 and 328:
promising sources of resistance: Se
Page 329 and 330:
69-188 mm for total seedling length
Page 331:
un certain nombre de contraintes d'
Page 335 and 336:
Priorities for Crop Protection Rese
Page 337 and 338:
• those falling into other discip
Page 339 and 340:
Striga Breeding for resistance to S
Page 341:
ting improved cultivars to existing
Page 345 and 346:
Survey of Pearl Millet Production a
Page 347 and 348:
Table 4. Major constraints to produ
Page 349 and 350:
Table 6. Extent of cultivation of r
Page 351 and 352:
Table 10. Area planted to released
Page 353:
Table 12. Production area and produ
Page 357 and 358:
Participants Botswana Louis Mazhani
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Madhya Pradesh G.S. Chauhan Millet
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M . N . Prasad Professor & Head Cot
Page 363 and 364:
S.K. Manzo Plant Pathologist Depart
Page 365 and 366:
ICRISAT Center S. Appa Rao Botanist
Page 367 and 368:
RA-00110
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