RA 00110.pdf - OAR@ICRISAT

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number of insects pollinate pearl millet, it is essential that these beneficial insects not be damaged by insecticides. Host-plant resistance is the most cost-effective, long-term solution to pearl millet insect pest problems. It is compatible with other control measures, and there are no production costs to the farmer. The genetics of resistance to shoot fly and stem borers have been documented, and there are a number of shoot fly- and stem borer-resistant lines. Pearl Millet for Fodder and Forage Production Using Genetic Markers on Pearl Millet Chromosomes to Locate and Transfer Heterotic Blocks for Forage Yield (Utilisation des marqueurs genetiques sur les chromosomes de mil afin de reperer et de transferer les blocs d'heterosis pour le rendement fourrager) Glenn W. Burton USDA-ARS Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA 31793, USA Fourteen recessive chlorophyll-deficient mutants (cd) induced in Tift 23 pearl millet were used to identify chromosome blocks heterotic for plant yield. Yields of spaced plants of large F 2 populations of crosses between the Tift 23 (cd/cd) mutant stocks and normal (Cd/Cd) inbreds 13, 18, 104, 106, and 186 were recorded, and a small F 3 progeny row derived from each spaced plant was used to separate the F 2 plants into Cd/Cd and Cd/cd groups. Among 69 such F 2 progenies, Cd/cd plants were heavier than Cd/Cd plants in 53 cases, 15 of which were significantly heavier (P
of synthetics and composite varieties, interspecific hybridization and species improvement. Evaluation of a world collection of germplasm enabled the selection of an array of diverse lines which could be used for intra- and interspecific improvement. In the first phase, interspecific Napier-millet hybrids such as NB 21 were produced that were better in yield, nutritive value, regeneration capabilities, growth rate, acceptability, palatability, disease resistance, and suitability for mixed cropping. Because of high additive genetic variability and less inbreeding depression for vegetative traits, the use of hybrid F 2 populations was recommended, but all F 2 populations were not necessarily superior. Recently, a number of varieties and synthetics have been bred that have superior yield and quality. Elite types are evaluated for green fodder yield, dry matter yield, and crude protein yield per unit area per unit time, along with other biochemical traits such as oxalic acid, T D N , and I V D V D . Other traits considered are duration, plant height, tillering, leaf size and shape, and the leaf/stem ratio. Good performance under adverse environmental conditions and uniform yield over different growing periods are also useful features. In the search for lines that remain green at harvest physiological evaluation at different developmental stages may be required. Some biochemical parameters and activity of certain enzymes could be used effectively to screen for stable, highly-productive, inputresponsive genotypes. Breeding Photoperiod Responsive Varieties of Forage Pennisetums (Selection des varietes de pennisetums fourragers sensibles a la photoperiode) S.K. Gupta and R.N. Choubey Plant Improvement Division, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284 003, India Most pearl millet genotypes are day neutral, but much African material is photoperiod sensitive. Earlier studies have indicated that these lines flower in November, irrespective of a variable sowing time from April to August. The inheritance of photoperiodism in pearl millet is controlled by many genes. Our studies on crosses of photoperiod-sensitive lines with two male-sterile lines indicated that the F 1 hybrids were day neutral, and did not possess any hybrid vigour for forage yield attributes. None of these hybrids was male-sterile, indicating that these lines were not maintainers of the A, male-sterile cytoplasm. Forage breeders have exploited the longer growth duration of photoperiod-sensitive pearl millet to breed late varieties, e.g., Tiflate, at Tifton, and PSB 2, at Jhansi. Such varieties remain vegetative much longer, with a more uniform seasonal distribution of green fodder which extends up to Oct-Nov when farmers have the greatest need for fodder. Photoperiod-sensitive pearl millet material has also been utilized in interspecific hybridization with Pennisetum purpureum. Several such hybrids have been bred at the Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, and two of these have narrow leaves and upright growth, which offers the possibility of intercropping a legume component. Many interspecific hybrids have been synthesized in Nigeria by utilizing the male-sterile Maiwa line, and the possibility of hybrid seed production has also been demonstrated. Breeding Sweet Pearl Millet Dual-Purpose Varieties (Selection des mils sucres a double usage) M . N . Prasad and P. Manivasakam Cotton Research Station, Srivilliputtur, Tamil Nadu 626 125, India Pearl millet straw, unlike sorghum straw, is not used as cattle fodder in Tamil Nadu because of its inferior quality. To produce varieties for dual purpose (grain and fodder), sweet pearl millet types were utilized. By 299
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Cover: Ex-Bornu, an important landr
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Correct citation: I C R I S A T (In
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Pearl Millet Entomology Insect Pest
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Potential and Prospects of Pearl Mi
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tropical countries i t w i l l be v
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Opening Session
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globusum has globose caryopses, and
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Area, Production, and Productivity:
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area increased substantially in Raj
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apply complex fertilizer at 20-60 k
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Diseases. Diseases are endemic to p
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levels of adoption. The relative co
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Socioeconomic Factors Management. T
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Pearl Millet in African Agriculture
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The poor performance in food produc
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900 800 700 600 Mean 500 400 300 20
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population pressures in recent year
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Economics of Millet Production In 1
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ather than to yield increases, show
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Simpara, M. B. 1985. La recherche s
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making it possible to grow a number
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in about 30 accessions. Unlike mono
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genome male-sterile lines, and A A
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Pearl m i l l e t (Pennisetum ameri
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Vasil, V., and Vasil, I . K . 1981a
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Introduction Pearl millet (Penniset
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Clean sorghum o r m i l l e t G r i
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peas, peanuts, or baobab leaves. Wh
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Beer Two major kinds of beer are pr
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properties for pearl millets. It is
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54 Figure 9. A. Pearl millet with a
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the germ (McDonough 1986). The high
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Table 6. Nitrogen distribution in s
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Banigo, E.O.I., de Man, J.B., and D
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Discussion The discussion of the pa
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Improvement through Plant Breeding
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Diversity and Utilization of Pearl
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with protruding grains, but in the
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Table 2. Pearl millet accessions as
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lese millets constitute two distinc
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turn, P. purpureum, (Dujardin and H
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more to useful genetic diversificat
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Hanna, W . W . , Wells, H . D . , a
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Varietal Improvement of Pearl Mille
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the weedy form can significantly in
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Table 3. Evaluation of heterosis in
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Table 4. Grain yield of local 3/4 p
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ased on selection of drought-resist
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Marchais, L., and Pernes, J. 1985.
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Andrews 1984), there are operationa
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S h o r t - t e r m g o a l s I n t
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Table 4a. Prediction equations, adv
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Table 4c. Prediction equations, adv
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Nebraska B s y n t h e t i c o r i
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6 P o p u l a t i o n c r o s s e s
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Pearl Millet Hybrids H . R . Dave 1
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Table 2. Early released hybrids in
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Table 6. Performance of third phase
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Breeding Pearl Millet Male-Sterile
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Table 1. Male-sterile lines of pear
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Senegal. This source is reported to
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possible solutions to produce high
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selected from IP 2696 has recently
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Burton, G.W., and Athwal, D.S. 1967
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Biological Factors Affecting Pearl
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Moderator's Overview Biological Fac
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Introduction Downy mildew of pearl
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2 3 1 2 4 6 I 5 3 1 A s e x u a l s
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however, that wind plays an importa
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Figure 4. Figure assembly to demons
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in sterilized distilled water. Leav
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Frederiksen, R.A., and Rosenow, D .
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Tasugi, H. 1933. Studies on Japanes
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(Decarvalho 1949), Nigeria (King an
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Table 1. Differential and stable do
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ness against certain Phycomycetes (
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Large s c a l e f i e l d s c r e e
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References A I C M I P ( A U India
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Sun, M . H . , Chang, S.S., and Tsa
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Introduction Ergot (Claviceps fusif
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antidotale (Thakur and Kanwar 1978)
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Table 1. Performance of some select
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Table 4. Performance of some select
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Siddiqui, M . R . , and Khan, I . D
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184
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186
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188
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192
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194
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Sahelian Zone Tunisia 0 km 1000 Mor
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eflexa, and other scarab beetle spe
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200 Partially Burning, Bagging, and
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Table 1. Predators, parasites, and
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References Appert, J. 1957. Les Par
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Role and Utilization of Microbial A
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located through the root phloem. In
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They are not strong competitors in
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Fred, E.B., Baldwin, I . L . , and
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Climatic and Edaphic Limitations to
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much larger, about 2-4 kPa. Differe
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over the range that occurs in the f
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224 top 2 m holds from 100-250 mm o
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The conservative nature of qD is ex
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228 Table 4. Root and shoot charact
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Research on all these responses sho
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Making Millet Improvement Objective
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Table 1. Percentage of cultivated a
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• Well adapted, early-maturity, l
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in tests conducted by ICRISAT on fa
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ing a relatively good year in the S
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stress, as well as to genetic diffe
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Norman, D . W . , Newman, M . D . ,
Page 260 and 261: 919.0 1212.0, Total area: 11.19 m i
Page 262 and 263: Table 4. Economics of pearl millet
Page 264 and 265: Azospirillum as a Seed Inoculant Az
Page 267 and 268: Management Practices to Increase Yi
Page 269 and 270: 1500 1300 1100 900 700 500 300 100
Page 271 and 272: a physical form similar to SSP and
Page 273 and 274: Tillage The beneficial effects of t
Page 275 and 276: tivars of different maturity groups
Page 277 and 278: as fertility. The nitrogen contribu
Page 279 and 280: Greenland, D.J. 1958. Nitrate fluct
Page 281 and 282: Breeding for Adaptation to Environm
Page 283 and 284: 15 S i k a r D i s t r i c t 15 Nia
Page 285 and 286: Table 2. Percentage of variation in
Page 287 and 288: Table 3. Correlation of the drought
Page 289 and 290: Selection for Traits Correlated to
Page 291: Discussion Squire's paper drew on d
Page 295 and 296: Androgenesis and Enzymatic Diversit
Page 297 and 298: Research on Pearl Millet Hybrids in
Page 299 and 300: La couleur des grains est variable.
Page 301 and 302: processed in different ways dependi
Page 303 and 304: Genetic Divergence in Landraces of
Page 305 and 306: Pearl Millet Regional Trials by CIL
Page 307 and 308: cultural practices such as early pl
Page 309: Host-Plant Resistance to Insect Pes
Page 313 and 314: Pearl Millet Microbiology Potential
Page 315 and 316: available phosphate level in the so
Page 317 and 318: Pearl Millet Production in Drier Ar
Page 319 and 320: with cowpea system was the most eff
Page 321 and 322: Pearl Millet Pathology Disease Inci
Page 323 and 324: diseases hitherto undescribed are c
Page 325 and 326: Stunt and Counter-Stunt Symptoms in
Page 327 and 328: promising sources of resistance: Se
Page 329 and 330: 69-188 mm for total seedling length
Page 331: un certain nombre de contraintes d'
Page 335 and 336: Priorities for Crop Protection Rese
Page 337 and 338: • those falling into other discip
Page 339 and 340: Striga Breeding for resistance to S
Page 341: ting improved cultivars to existing
Page 345 and 346: Survey of Pearl Millet Production a
Page 347 and 348: Table 4. Major constraints to produ
Page 349 and 350: Table 6. Extent of cultivation of r
Page 351 and 352: Table 10. Area planted to released
Page 353: Table 12. Production area and produ
Page 357 and 358: Participants Botswana Louis Mazhani
Page 359 and 360: Madhya Pradesh G.S. Chauhan Millet
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M . N . Prasad Professor & Head Cot
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S.K. Manzo Plant Pathologist Depart
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ICRISAT Center S. Appa Rao Botanist
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RA-00110
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