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Baker, E . F . I . 1978. Mixed cropping in northern Nigeria. I. Cereals and groundnuts. Experimental Agriculture 14: 293-298. Baker, E . F . I . 1979. Mixed cropping in northern Nigeria. I I I . Mixtures of cereals. Experimental Agriculture 15:41-48. Bationo, A., Mughogho, S.K., and Mokwunye, U.A. 1985. Agronomic evaluation of phosphate fertilizer alternatives in sub-Saharan Africa. Presented at the Symposium on the Management of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers in Sub-Saharan Africa, 25-28 Mar 1985, Lome, Togo. 21 pp. Bognetteau-Veriinden, D. 1980. Studies of impact of windbreaks in Majjia Valley, Niger. Wageningen, Netherlands: Agricultural University. 81 pp. Breman, H . , Geerling, C, Kesseler, J.J., and Penning de Vries, F.W.T. 1984. Le role agro-sylvo-pastoral de la strate ligneuse au Sahel. In Study undertaken for the Club du Sahel and CILSS by CABO, Wageningen, Netherlands, Oct 1984. 25 pp. (Limited distribution). Brown, C. 1978. Annual Technical Report, 1977-78. C I D Team, Niger Cereals Project. 17 pp. (Limited distribution.) Buntjer, B.J. 1971. Aspects of the Hausa system of cultivation around Zaria. Samaru Agricultural Newsletter 13:18- 20. Charreau, C. 1972. Problemes poses par l'utilisation agricole des sols tropicaux par des cultures annuelles. Agronomic Tropicale 27:905-929. Charreau, C, and Vidal, P. 1965. Influence de l'Acacia albida Del. sur le sol, nutrition minerale et rendements des mils Pennisetum au Senegal. Agronomie Tropicale 20:600- 626. Charreau, C, and Nicou, R. 1971. L'amelioration du profil cultural dans les sols sableux et sablo-argileux de la zone tropicale seche ouest-africaine et ses incidences agronomiques. Agronomie Tropicale 26:209-255, 565-631, 903- 978, 1183-1237. Chopart, J.L. 1975. Influence du labour et de la localisation de l'engrais sur l'adaptation a la secheresse de differentes cultures pluviales au Senegal. (In Fr.) Bambey, Senegal: Centre National de Recherche Agronomiques. Chopart, J.L. 1983. Etude du systeme racinaire du mil (Pennisetum typhoides) dans un sol sableux du Senegal. (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 38:37-46. Chopart, J.L., and Nicou, R. 1976. Influence du labour sur le developpement radiculaire de differentes plantes cultivees au Senegal—consequences sur leur alimentation hydrique. (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 31:7-28. Dancette, C. 1976. Cartes d'adaptation a la saison des pluies des mils a cycle court dans la moitie nord du Senegal. (In Fr.) Pages 19-47 in Efficiency of water and fertilizer use in semi-arid regions. Vienna, Austria : F A O / I A E A Technical Document No. 192. Dancette, C. 1983. Besoins en eau du mil au Senegaladaptation en zone semi-aride tropicale. (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 38:267-280. Dancette, C, and Poulain, J.F. 1969. Influence of Acacia albida on pedoclimatic factors and crop yields. (In Fr.) African Soils 14:143-184. Dancette, C, and Hall, A.E. 1979. Agroclimatology applied to water management in the Sudanian and Sahelian zones of Africa. Pages 98-118 in Agriculture in semi-arid environments (Hall, A.E., Cannell, G.H., and Lawton, H. W., eds). Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany: Springer- Verlag. Dumas, P. 1905. L'agriculture dans la vallee du Niger. (In Fr.) Agriculture des Pays Chauds 2:526-528. Egharevba, P.N. 1978. A review of millet work at the Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru. Samaru Miscellaneous Paper No. 77. Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research. 17 pp. Egharevba, P.N. 1979. Agronomic practices for improved millet production. Samaru Miscellaneous Paper No. 90. Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research. 21 pp. Egharevba, P.N., Abed, S.M., and Labe, D.A. 1984. Effect of row spacing on some agronomic characters and yield of pearl millet. Maydica 24:193-202. FAO. 1982. Review of fertilizer trial and demonstration results Africa. Rome, Italy: FAO. FAO. 1985a. Crop Production Yearbook No. 37. Rome, Italy: FAO. FAO. 1985b. Fertilizer Yearbook 1984. F A O Statistics Series No. 62. Rome, Italy: FAO. 187 pp. Fussell, L.K. 1985. Evaluation of millet/cowpea intercropping systems in western Niger. Pages 26-39 in Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Intercropping in the Sahelian and Sahelo-Sudanian zones of West Africa, 7-10 Nov 1984, Niamey, Niger. Bamako, Mali: Institute du Sahel. Fussell, L.K., and Serafini, P.G. 1985. Associations de cultures dans les zones tropicales semi-arides d'Afrique de l'Ouest: strategies de recherche anterieures et futures. (In Fr.) Pages 254-278 in Technologies appropriees pour les paysans des zones semi-arides de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (Ohm, H.W. and Nagy J.G., eds.). West Lafayette, Indiana, USA: Purdue University. Ganry, F., Bideau, J., and Nicoli, J. 1974. The effect of nitrogenous fertilizers and organic materials on yields and nutritional value of Souna I I I millet. (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 29(10): 1006-1015. Ganry, F., Guiraud, G., and Dommergues, Y. 1978. Effect of straw incorporation on the yield and nitrogen balance in the sandy soil/pearl millet cropping system of Senegal. Plant and Soil 50:647-662. 266
Greenland, D.J. 1958. Nitrate fluctuations in tropical soils. Journal of Agricultural Science (UK) 50:82-92. Hall, A.E., and Dancette, C. 1978. Analysis of fallowfarming systems in semi-arid Africa using a model to simulate the hydrologic budget. Agronomy Journal 70:816-823. I C R I S A T (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics). 1983. The Animal Drawn Wheeled Tool Carrier. Revised Feb 1983. I C R I S A T Information Bulletin 8, Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India. 12 pp. I C R I S A T (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics). 1984. Annual report 1983. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: ICRISAT. I C R I S A T (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics). 1985. Annual report 1984. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: ICRISAT. I C R I S A T (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics). 1986. Annual report 1985. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: ICRISAT. I R A T (Institute de recherche agronomique tropicale et des cultures vivrieres). 1975. Les recherches en agronomie a l ' I R A T de 1969 a 1974. (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 30:148-153. Jones, M . J . 1973. A review of the use of rock phosphate as fertilizers in Francophone West Africa. Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research. 10 pp. Jones, M . J . 1975. Observations on dry season moisture profiles at Samaru, Nigeria. Samaru Miscellaneous Paper No. 51. Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria: Institute for Agricultural Research. 9 pp. Jones, M . J . , and Wild, A. 1975. Soils of the West African savanna. Commonwealth Bureau of Soils, Technical Communication No. 55. Farnham Royal, Slough, UK: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau. 246 pp. Kassam, A . H . , and Kowal, J . M . 1975. Water use, energy balance and growth of gero millet at Samaru, northern Nigeria. Agricultural Meteorology 15:333-342. Kowal, J. 1970a. The hydrology of a small catchment basin at Samaru, Nigeria. I I I . Assessment of surface runoff under varied land management and vegetation cover. Nigerian Agriculture Journal 7:120-133. Kowal, J. 1970b. The hydrology of a small catchment basin at Samaru, Nigeria. IV. Assessment of soil erosion under varied land management and vegetation cover. Nigerian Agriculture Journal 7:143-147. Kowal, J., and Stockinger, K. 1973. Usefulness of ridge cultivation in Nigerian agriculture. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 28:136-137. Kowal, J . M . , and Kassam, A . H . 1978. Agricultural ecology of savanna—a study of West Africa. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. 403 pp. Lawes, D . H . 1963. A new cultivation technique for Tropical Africa. Nature 198(4887): 1328. Le Houerou, H . N . 1980. The role of browse in the Sahelian and Sudanian zones. Pages 83-100 in Browse in Africa— the current state of knowledge (Le Houerou H.N., ed.). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Livestock Centre for Africa. 491 pp. Mclntire, J. 1983. Two aspects of farming in SAT Upper Volta: animal traction and mixed cropping. ICRISAT West Africa Economics Program Progress Report No. 7. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 48 pp. (Limited distribution.) Monnier, J. 1976. Le demariage precoce du mil hatif et les techniques qui s'y rapportent (In Fr.) Dakar, Senegal: Institut Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles. Mughogho, S.K., Bationo, A., Christianson, B., and Vlek, P.L.G. 1985. Management of nitrogen fertilizers for tropical African soils. Presented at the Symposium of the Management of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers in Sub- Saharan Africa, 25-28 Mar 1985, Lome, Togo. 45 pp. Nebos, J. 1970. Present state of experimentation on millet and sorghum. African Soils 15:723-727. Nicou, R. 1974. Contribution a l'etude et a l'amelioration de la porosite des sols sableux et sablo-argileux de la zone tropicale seche; consequence agronomiques. (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 29:1100-1127. Nicou, R., and Charreau, C. 1985. Travail du sol et economic de l'eau en Afrique de l'Ouest. (In Fr.) Pages 9-37 in Technologies appropries pour les paysans des zones semiaridesde l'Afrique de l'Ouest. (Ohm H.W., and Nagy J.G., eds.). West Lafayette, Indiana, USA: Purdue University. Njoku, J.E., and Mijindadi, N.B. 1985. The National Accelerated Food Production Project as a strategy for increased food production in Nigeria: a review of problems and prospects with particular reference to sorghum, millet and wheat. Agricultural Administration 18:175-185. Norman, D.W. 1974. Rationalizing mixed cropping under indigenous conditions: the example of northern Nigeria. Journal of Development Studies 11:3-21. Nwasike, C, Baker, E.F.J., and Egharevba, P.N. 1982. The potential for improving millet (Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.), Stapf and Hubb.) in farming systems of the semiarid areas of Nigeria. Agriculture and Environment 7:15-21. Nye, P.H., and Greenland, D.J. 1960. The soil under shifting cultivation. Commonwealth Bureau of Soils. Technical Communication no. 51. Farnham Royal, Slough, UK: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux. 156 pp. Ogunlela, V.B., and Egharevba, P.N. 1981. Acceleration of sorghum and millet production in Nigeria through timely operations. Pages 128-141 in Proceedings of the 5th N A F P P Workshop, 27-31 Apr 1981, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University. 15 ref. 267
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Cover: Ex-Bornu, an important landr
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Correct citation: I C R I S A T (In
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Pearl Millet Entomology Insect Pest
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Potential and Prospects of Pearl Mi
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tropical countries i t w i l l be v
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Opening Session
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globusum has globose caryopses, and
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Area, Production, and Productivity:
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area increased substantially in Raj
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apply complex fertilizer at 20-60 k
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Diseases. Diseases are endemic to p
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levels of adoption. The relative co
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Socioeconomic Factors Management. T
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Pearl Millet in African Agriculture
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The poor performance in food produc
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900 800 700 600 Mean 500 400 300 20
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population pressures in recent year
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Economics of Millet Production In 1
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ather than to yield increases, show
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Simpara, M. B. 1985. La recherche s
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making it possible to grow a number
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in about 30 accessions. Unlike mono
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genome male-sterile lines, and A A
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Pearl m i l l e t (Pennisetum ameri
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Vasil, V., and Vasil, I . K . 1981a
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Introduction Pearl millet (Penniset
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Clean sorghum o r m i l l e t G r i
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peas, peanuts, or baobab leaves. Wh
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Beer Two major kinds of beer are pr
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properties for pearl millets. It is
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54 Figure 9. A. Pearl millet with a
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the germ (McDonough 1986). The high
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Table 6. Nitrogen distribution in s
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Banigo, E.O.I., de Man, J.B., and D
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Discussion The discussion of the pa
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Improvement through Plant Breeding
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Diversity and Utilization of Pearl
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with protruding grains, but in the
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Table 2. Pearl millet accessions as
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lese millets constitute two distinc
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turn, P. purpureum, (Dujardin and H
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more to useful genetic diversificat
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Hanna, W . W . , Wells, H . D . , a
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Varietal Improvement of Pearl Mille
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the weedy form can significantly in
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Table 3. Evaluation of heterosis in
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Table 4. Grain yield of local 3/4 p
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ased on selection of drought-resist
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Marchais, L., and Pernes, J. 1985.
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Andrews 1984), there are operationa
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S h o r t - t e r m g o a l s I n t
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Table 4a. Prediction equations, adv
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Table 4c. Prediction equations, adv
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Nebraska B s y n t h e t i c o r i
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6 P o p u l a t i o n c r o s s e s
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Pearl Millet Hybrids H . R . Dave 1
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Table 2. Early released hybrids in
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Table 6. Performance of third phase
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Breeding Pearl Millet Male-Sterile
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Table 1. Male-sterile lines of pear
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Senegal. This source is reported to
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possible solutions to produce high
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selected from IP 2696 has recently
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Burton, G.W., and Athwal, D.S. 1967
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Biological Factors Affecting Pearl
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Moderator's Overview Biological Fac
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Introduction Downy mildew of pearl
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2 3 1 2 4 6 I 5 3 1 A s e x u a l s
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however, that wind plays an importa
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Figure 4. Figure assembly to demons
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in sterilized distilled water. Leav
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Frederiksen, R.A., and Rosenow, D .
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Tasugi, H. 1933. Studies on Japanes
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(Decarvalho 1949), Nigeria (King an
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Table 1. Differential and stable do
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ness against certain Phycomycetes (
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Large s c a l e f i e l d s c r e e
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References A I C M I P ( A U India
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Sun, M . H . , Chang, S.S., and Tsa
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Introduction Ergot (Claviceps fusif
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antidotale (Thakur and Kanwar 1978)
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Table 1. Performance of some select
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Table 4. Performance of some select
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Siddiqui, M . R . , and Khan, I . D
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184
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186
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188
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190
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192
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194
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Sahelian Zone Tunisia 0 km 1000 Mor
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eflexa, and other scarab beetle spe
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200 Partially Burning, Bagging, and
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Table 1. Predators, parasites, and
Page 216 and 217:
References Appert, J. 1957. Les Par
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Role and Utilization of Microbial A
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located through the root phloem. In
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They are not strong competitors in
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Fred, E.B., Baldwin, I . L . , and
Page 229: Climatic and Edaphic Limitations to
Page 232 and 233: much larger, about 2-4 kPa. Differe
Page 234 and 235: over the range that occurs in the f
Page 236 and 237: 224 top 2 m holds from 100-250 mm o
Page 238 and 239: The conservative nature of qD is ex
Page 240 and 241: 228 Table 4. Root and shoot charact
Page 242 and 243: Research on all these responses sho
Page 245 and 246: Making Millet Improvement Objective
Page 247 and 248: Table 1. Percentage of cultivated a
Page 249 and 250: • Well adapted, early-maturity, l
Page 251 and 252: in tests conducted by ICRISAT on fa
Page 253 and 254: ing a relatively good year in the S
Page 255 and 256: stress, as well as to genetic diffe
Page 257: Norman, D . W . , Newman, M . D . ,
Page 260 and 261: 919.0 1212.0, Total area: 11.19 m i
Page 262 and 263: Table 4. Economics of pearl millet
Page 264 and 265: Azospirillum as a Seed Inoculant Az
Page 267 and 268: Management Practices to Increase Yi
Page 269 and 270: 1500 1300 1100 900 700 500 300 100
Page 271 and 272: a physical form similar to SSP and
Page 273 and 274: Tillage The beneficial effects of t
Page 275 and 276: tivars of different maturity groups
Page 277: as fertility. The nitrogen contribu
Page 281 and 282: Breeding for Adaptation to Environm
Page 283 and 284: 15 S i k a r D i s t r i c t 15 Nia
Page 285 and 286: Table 2. Percentage of variation in
Page 287 and 288: Table 3. Correlation of the drought
Page 289 and 290: Selection for Traits Correlated to
Page 291: Discussion Squire's paper drew on d
Page 295 and 296: Androgenesis and Enzymatic Diversit
Page 297 and 298: Research on Pearl Millet Hybrids in
Page 299 and 300: La couleur des grains est variable.
Page 301 and 302: processed in different ways dependi
Page 303 and 304: Genetic Divergence in Landraces of
Page 305 and 306: Pearl Millet Regional Trials by CIL
Page 307 and 308: cultural practices such as early pl
Page 309 and 310: Host-Plant Resistance to Insect Pes
Page 311 and 312: of synthetics and composite varieti
Page 313 and 314: Pearl Millet Microbiology Potential
Page 315 and 316: available phosphate level in the so
Page 317 and 318: Pearl Millet Production in Drier Ar
Page 319 and 320: with cowpea system was the most eff
Page 321 and 322: Pearl Millet Pathology Disease Inci
Page 323 and 324: diseases hitherto undescribed are c
Page 325 and 326: Stunt and Counter-Stunt Symptoms in
Page 327 and 328: promising sources of resistance: Se
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69-188 mm for total seedling length
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un certain nombre de contraintes d'
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Priorities for Crop Protection Rese
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• those falling into other discip
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Striga Breeding for resistance to S
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ting improved cultivars to existing
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Survey of Pearl Millet Production a
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Table 4. Major constraints to produ
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Table 6. Extent of cultivation of r
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Table 10. Area planted to released
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Table 12. Production area and produ
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Participants Botswana Louis Mazhani
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Madhya Pradesh G.S. Chauhan Millet
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M . N . Prasad Professor & Head Cot
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S.K. Manzo Plant Pathologist Depart
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ICRISAT Center S. Appa Rao Botanist
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RA-00110
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