RA 00110.pdf - OAR@ICRISAT

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Table 4. Economics of pearl millet N fertilization in different agroclimatic zones of India. Agroclimatic zone Optimum dose of N (kg ha -1 ) Response at optimum rate of N application (kg grain per kg N) Output/ input ratio South central zone Northwest zone Southern zone Western zone 137 100 92 120 5.0 10.5 6.4 6.2 0.8 2.7 1.3 1.2 Source: Gautam et al. (1981). 2000 Table 5. Effect of time of N application on grain yield of pearl millet. Treatments (N kg ha -1 and splits) 1 1981 Grain yield (kg ha -1 ) 1982 1000 0 30(15-15-0) 60 (30-30-0) 90 (45-45-0) 30 (0-15-15) 60 (0-30-30) 90 (0-45-45) 0 1400 1836 1867 1139 1249 1267 976 2042 2528 2792 1472 1894 2074 1278 C D 5% 150 180 1. At sowing and 3-6 weeks after sowing. Source: Gautam and Kaushik (1984). Time o f N a p p l i c a t i o n Figure 2. Effect of time of N application on grain yield of pearl millet hybrid (mean of 4 centres). often in excess of their own growth requirements. The excess fixed N can be utilized by a subsequent crop grown on the same field (Giri and De 1979). In experiments conducted over 3 years, the grain yield of pearl millet was increased by 23% when grown after groundnuts, 24% after cowpeas, and 12% after pigeonpea. These pearl millet yield increases after groundnut or cowpea were equivalent to about 60 kg ha -1 N applied to pearl millet following a previous pearl millet crop (Fig. 3). The advantage following legumes was due to increased N removed by the pearl millet crop: 40 kg ha -1 N after groundnuts and 33 kg ha -1 N after cowpeas, compared with 19 kg ha* 1 N removed by the crop grown after a preceding pearl millet crop (Giri and De 1980). Legumes in Intercropping Systems Pearl millet is seldom grown as a sole crop in India. Crops are mixed primarily as an insurance against bad weather (Raheja 1973). With advances in agronomic management practices, pearl millet is increasingly being grown as a row crop, which affords the possibility of planting low-growing legumes between the rows. De et al. (1978) and Gautam and Kaushik (1980a) showed that by modifying the planting geometry in a 30/90 cm row arrangement (three rows of pearl millet 30 cm apart and two such threerow blocks 90 cm apart) left considerable space for including three rows of mungbean (Vigna radiata [ L . ] Wilczek) as an intercrop. By adopting this technique, not only was the pearl millet yield significantly increased, but the additional yield of mung- 250
ean made this system economically advantageous (Table 6). Singh et al. (1978) found that a pairedrows system of planting increased the utilization of moisture from deeper layers. In the arid regions of Jodhpur in western India, Singh and Joshi (1980) found no significant difference in pearl millet yield grown as a sole crop or as an intercrop with any legume. But the incorporation of a legume increased the land-equivalent ratio up to 54% in some cases, and the monetary returns increased considerably. P r e v i o u s c r o p Mung Groundnut P e a r l m i l l e t Cowpea Pigeonpea 5000 1975 1976 1977 3000 1000 0 30 60 0 30 60 0 30 60 N i t r o g e n kg ha - 1 Figure 3. Response of pearl millet to nitrogen when grown after various rainy season crops. Table 6. Effect of time, technique, and planting pattern on the productivity of pearl millet and mung. Treatments Pearl millet Grain yield (kg ha -1 ) Mung Pearl millet equivalent (kg ha -1 ) Paired-row 30/70 cm Direct seeded, 9 July Direct seeded, 29 July Transplanted, 29 July Direct seeded, 18 August 2460 2080 2580 850 100 250 260 320 2670 2880 3100 1480 Treble-row 30/90 cm Direct seeded, 9 July Direct seeded, 29 July Transplanted, 29 July Direct seeded, 18 August Transplanted, 18 August 2680 2210 2400 790 1550 200 420 490 420 650 3070 3050 3380 1630 2850 Uniform-row pearl millet 50 cm Direct seeded, 9 July 2460 - 2460 Uniform-row mung 30 cm Direct seeded, 9 July - 700 1400 SE ±73 ±23 Source: De et ai. 1978. 251
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Cover: Ex-Bornu, an important landr
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Correct citation: I C R I S A T (In
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Pearl Millet Entomology Insect Pest
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Potential and Prospects of Pearl Mi
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tropical countries i t w i l l be v
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Opening Session
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globusum has globose caryopses, and
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Area, Production, and Productivity:
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area increased substantially in Raj
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apply complex fertilizer at 20-60 k
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Diseases. Diseases are endemic to p
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levels of adoption. The relative co
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Socioeconomic Factors Management. T
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Pearl Millet in African Agriculture
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The poor performance in food produc
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900 800 700 600 Mean 500 400 300 20
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population pressures in recent year
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Economics of Millet Production In 1
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ather than to yield increases, show
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Simpara, M. B. 1985. La recherche s
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making it possible to grow a number
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in about 30 accessions. Unlike mono
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genome male-sterile lines, and A A
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Pearl m i l l e t (Pennisetum ameri
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Vasil, V., and Vasil, I . K . 1981a
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Introduction Pearl millet (Penniset
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Clean sorghum o r m i l l e t G r i
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peas, peanuts, or baobab leaves. Wh
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Beer Two major kinds of beer are pr
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properties for pearl millets. It is
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54 Figure 9. A. Pearl millet with a
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the germ (McDonough 1986). The high
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Table 6. Nitrogen distribution in s
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Banigo, E.O.I., de Man, J.B., and D
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Discussion The discussion of the pa
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Improvement through Plant Breeding
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Diversity and Utilization of Pearl
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with protruding grains, but in the
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Table 2. Pearl millet accessions as
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lese millets constitute two distinc
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turn, P. purpureum, (Dujardin and H
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more to useful genetic diversificat
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Hanna, W . W . , Wells, H . D . , a
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Varietal Improvement of Pearl Mille
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the weedy form can significantly in
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Table 3. Evaluation of heterosis in
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Table 4. Grain yield of local 3/4 p
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ased on selection of drought-resist
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Marchais, L., and Pernes, J. 1985.
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Andrews 1984), there are operationa
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S h o r t - t e r m g o a l s I n t
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Table 4a. Prediction equations, adv
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Table 4c. Prediction equations, adv
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Nebraska B s y n t h e t i c o r i
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6 P o p u l a t i o n c r o s s e s
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Pearl Millet Hybrids H . R . Dave 1
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Table 2. Early released hybrids in
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Table 6. Performance of third phase
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Breeding Pearl Millet Male-Sterile
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Table 1. Male-sterile lines of pear
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Senegal. This source is reported to
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possible solutions to produce high
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selected from IP 2696 has recently
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Burton, G.W., and Athwal, D.S. 1967
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Biological Factors Affecting Pearl
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Moderator's Overview Biological Fac
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Introduction Downy mildew of pearl
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2 3 1 2 4 6 I 5 3 1 A s e x u a l s
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however, that wind plays an importa
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Figure 4. Figure assembly to demons
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in sterilized distilled water. Leav
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Frederiksen, R.A., and Rosenow, D .
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Tasugi, H. 1933. Studies on Japanes
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(Decarvalho 1949), Nigeria (King an
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Table 1. Differential and stable do
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ness against certain Phycomycetes (
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Large s c a l e f i e l d s c r e e
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References A I C M I P ( A U India
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Sun, M . H . , Chang, S.S., and Tsa
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Introduction Ergot (Claviceps fusif
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antidotale (Thakur and Kanwar 1978)
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Table 1. Performance of some select
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Table 4. Performance of some select
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Siddiqui, M . R . , and Khan, I . D
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184
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Sahelian Zone Tunisia 0 km 1000 Mor
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eflexa, and other scarab beetle spe
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Page 214 and 215: Table 1. Predators, parasites, and
Page 216 and 217: References Appert, J. 1957. Les Par
Page 219 and 220: Role and Utilization of Microbial A
Page 221 and 222: located through the root phloem. In
Page 223 and 224: They are not strong competitors in
Page 225: Fred, E.B., Baldwin, I . L . , and
Page 229: Climatic and Edaphic Limitations to
Page 232 and 233: much larger, about 2-4 kPa. Differe
Page 234 and 235: over the range that occurs in the f
Page 236 and 237: 224 top 2 m holds from 100-250 mm o
Page 238 and 239: The conservative nature of qD is ex
Page 240 and 241: 228 Table 4. Root and shoot charact
Page 242 and 243: Research on all these responses sho
Page 245 and 246: Making Millet Improvement Objective
Page 247 and 248: Table 1. Percentage of cultivated a
Page 249 and 250: • Well adapted, early-maturity, l
Page 251 and 252: in tests conducted by ICRISAT on fa
Page 253 and 254: ing a relatively good year in the S
Page 255 and 256: stress, as well as to genetic diffe
Page 257: Norman, D . W . , Newman, M . D . ,
Page 260 and 261: 919.0 1212.0, Total area: 11.19 m i
Page 264 and 265: Azospirillum as a Seed Inoculant Az
Page 267 and 268: Management Practices to Increase Yi
Page 269 and 270: 1500 1300 1100 900 700 500 300 100
Page 271 and 272: a physical form similar to SSP and
Page 273 and 274: Tillage The beneficial effects of t
Page 275 and 276: tivars of different maturity groups
Page 277 and 278: as fertility. The nitrogen contribu
Page 279 and 280: Greenland, D.J. 1958. Nitrate fluct
Page 281 and 282: Breeding for Adaptation to Environm
Page 283 and 284: 15 S i k a r D i s t r i c t 15 Nia
Page 285 and 286: Table 2. Percentage of variation in
Page 287 and 288: Table 3. Correlation of the drought
Page 289 and 290: Selection for Traits Correlated to
Page 291: Discussion Squire's paper drew on d
Page 295 and 296: Androgenesis and Enzymatic Diversit
Page 297 and 298: Research on Pearl Millet Hybrids in
Page 299 and 300: La couleur des grains est variable.
Page 301 and 302: processed in different ways dependi
Page 303 and 304: Genetic Divergence in Landraces of
Page 305 and 306: Pearl Millet Regional Trials by CIL
Page 307 and 308: cultural practices such as early pl
Page 309 and 310: Host-Plant Resistance to Insect Pes
Page 311 and 312: of synthetics and composite varieti
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Pearl Millet Microbiology Potential
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available phosphate level in the so
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Pearl Millet Production in Drier Ar
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with cowpea system was the most eff
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Pearl Millet Pathology Disease Inci
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diseases hitherto undescribed are c
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Stunt and Counter-Stunt Symptoms in
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promising sources of resistance: Se
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69-188 mm for total seedling length
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un certain nombre de contraintes d'
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Priorities for Crop Protection Rese
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• those falling into other discip
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Striga Breeding for resistance to S
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ting improved cultivars to existing
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Survey of Pearl Millet Production a
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Table 4. Major constraints to produ
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Table 6. Extent of cultivation of r
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Table 10. Area planted to released
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Table 12. Production area and produ
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Participants Botswana Louis Mazhani
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Madhya Pradesh G.S. Chauhan Millet
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M . N . Prasad Professor & Head Cot
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S.K. Manzo Plant Pathologist Depart
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ICRISAT Center S. Appa Rao Botanist
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RA-00110
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