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References A I C M I P ( A U India Coordinated Millet Improvement Project). 1970-1976. Progress reports 1971-75. New Delhi, India: Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Appadurai, R., Parambaramani, C, and Natarajan, U.S. 1975. Note on the inheritance of susceptibility of pearl millet to downy mildew. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 45(4): 179-180. Appadurai, R., Subramanian, R., Parambaramani, C, and Purushothaman, S. 1978. Development of disease resistant pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides (Burm. F.) Stapf & Hubb.). Madras Agricultural Journal 65(1): 14-16. Ball, S.L. 1983. Pathogenic variability of downy mildew (Sclerospora graminicola) on pearl millet. I. Host cultivar reactions to infection by different pathogen isolates. Annals of Applied Biology 102:257-264. Ball, S.L., and Pike, D.J. 1983. Pathogenic variability of downy mildew (Sclerospora graminicola) on pearl millet. I I . Statistical techniques for analysis of data. Annals of Applied Biology 102:265-273. Ball, S.L., and Pike, D.J. 1984. Intercontinental variation of Sckrospora graminicola. Annals of Applied Biology 104:41-51. Ball, S.L., Pike, D.J., and Burridge C.Y. (In press). Characterization of populations of Sckrospora graminicola. Annals of Applied Biology. Basavaraj, R., Safeeulla, K . M . , and Murty, B.R., 1980. The role of gene effects and heterosis for resistance to downy mildew in pearl millet. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 40(3):537-548. Bhat, S.S. 1973. Investigations on the biology and control of Sckrospora graminicola on bajra. Ph.D. thesis, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India. 165 pp. Bruin, G.C.A., and Edgington, L.V. 1981. Adaptive resistance in Peronosporales to metalaxyl. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 3:201-208. Burton, G.W. 1958. Cytoplasmic male-sterility in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) (L.) R. Br. Agronomy Journal 50:230-231. Butler, E.J. 1907. Some diseases of cereals caused by Sckrospora graminicola. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India. Botanical Series 2:1-24. Butler, E.J. 1918. Fungi and disease in plants. Calcutta, India: Thacker, Spink & Co. pp. 218-223. Chahal, S.S., Gill, K.S., Phul, P.S., and Aujla, S.S. 1975. Screening of the pearl millet germplasm for the greenear disease caused by Sckrospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet. Crop Improvement 2:65-70. Chahal, S.S., Gill, K.S., and Phul, P.S. 1978a. Note on the reaction of pearl millet inbreds against the downy mildew pathogen. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 48:190- 191. Chahal, S.S., Gill, K.S., and Phul, P.S. 1978b. Relationship between the date of sowing and incidence in pearl millet Pennisetum typhoides in the Punjab State. Crop Improvement 5:165-166. Dang, J.K., Thakur, D.P., and Grover, R.K. 1983. Control of pearl millet downy mildew caused by Sckrospora graminicola with systemic fungicides in an artificially contaminated plot. Annals of Applied Biology 102:99-106. Dass, S., and Kanwar, Z.S. 1977. Screening and evaluation of pearl millet male-sterile lines, pollinators and their F 1 's for downy mildew resistance. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 47(6) :296-298. DeCarvalho, T. 1949. O mildio de milho (Sckrospora spp.). (In Pt.) Gazeta do Agriculture Mozambique 1:61-63. Deshmukh, S.S., Mayee, C.D., and Kulkarni, B.S. 1978a. Reduction of downy mildew of pearl millet with fertilizer management. Phytopathology 68:1350-1353. Deshmukh, H . G . , More, B.B., and Utikar, P.G. 1978b. Screening germplasm of pearl millet against downy mildew (Sckrospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet.). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research 12(2):85-88. Doggett, H. 1970. Downy mildew in East Africa. Indian Phytopathology 23:350-355. Exconde, O.R., and Molina, A.B. 1978. Ridomil (Ciba Geigy): a seed dressing fungicide for the control of Philippine corn downy mildew. Philippine Journal of Crop Science 3:1-5. Farlow, W . G . 1984. Addition to the Peronosporaceae of the United States. Botanical Gazette 9:37-40. FAO. 1983. 1982 F A O Production Yearbook Vol. 36. Rome, Italy: FAO. Frederiksen, R.A. 1979. Chemical control of sorghum downy mildew. Sorghum Newsletter 22:129. Gill, K.S., Phul, P.S., Singh, N.B., and Chahal, S.S. 1975. Inheritance of resistance to downy mildew in pearl millet— a preliminary report. Crop Improvement 2:128-129. Gill, K.S., Phul, P.S., Chahal, S.S., and Singh, N.B. 1978. Inheritance of resistance to downy mildew disease in pearl millet. Cereal Research Communications 6(l):71-74. Girard, J.C. 1975. Downy mildew of pearl millet in Senegal. Pages 59-73 in Proceedings of Consultants' Group Meetings on Downy Mildew and Ergot of Pearl Millet, 1-3 Oct 1975, I C R I S A T , Hyderabad, India. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 170
I C R I S A T (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics). 1985. Report of the 1984 International Pearl Millet Downy Mildew Nursery ( I P M D M N ) . Progress Report, MP-112. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: ICRISAT. (Limited Distribution.) Idris, M . O . , and Ball, S.L. 1984. Inter- and intra-continental sexual compatability in Sclerospora graminicola. Plant Pathology 33:219-223. Johnson, R. 1984. A critical analysis of durable resistance. Annual Review of Phytopathology 22:309-330. Kenneth, R. 1977. Sclerospora graminicola(Sacc.) Schroet. Pages 96-99 in Diseases, pests and weeds in tropical crops (Kranz, J., Schmutterer, H . , and Koch. W., eds.) Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany: Verlag Paul Parey. King, S.B., and Webster, O.J. 1970. Downy mildew of sorghum in Nigeria. Indian Phytopathology 23:342-349. Michelmore, R.W, Pawar, M . N . , and Williams, R.J. 1982. Heterothallism in Sclerospora graminicola. Phytopathology 72:1368-1372. Mitra, J . H . , and Tandon, R . N . 1930. A note on Sclerosporagraminicola (Sacc.) Schroet. in Allahabad. Journal of the Indian Botanical Society 9:243. Nene, Y . L . , and Singh, S.D. 1976. Downy mildew and ergot of pearl millet. PANS 22:366-385. Pokhriyal, S.C., Unnikrishnan, K.V., Singh B., Dass, R., and Patil, R.R. 1976. Combining ability of downy mildew resistant lines in pearl millet. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 36:403-409. Ramakrishnan, T.S. 1963. Diseases of millets. New Delhi, India: Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Reuveni, M . , Eyal, H . , and Cohen, Y. 1980. Development of resistance to mctalaxyl in Pseudoperonospora cubensis. Plant Disease 64:1108-1109. Safeeulla, K . M . 1976. Biology and control of the downy mildews of pearl millet, sorghum, and finger millet. Mysore, Karnataka, India: University of Mysore. 304 pp. Schwinn, F J. 1980. Prospects for chemical control of the cereal downy mildews (Williams, R.J., Frederiksen, R.J., Mughogho, L . K . , and Bengston, G.D, eds.). Pages 220-222 in Sorghum diseases : a world review: proceedings of the International Workshop on Sorghum Diseases, 11-15 Dec 1978, I C R I S A T Center, India. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi- A r i d Tropics. Shetty, H.S., Neergaard, P., and Mathur, S.B. 1977. Demonstration of seed-transmission of downy mildew or green ear disease, Sclerospora graminicola in pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides). Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, B 43:201-205. Shetty, H.S., and Ahmad, R. 1981. Physiologic specialization in Sclerospora graminicola. Indian Phytopathology 34(3):307-309. Shinde, P.A., and Utikar, P.G. 1978. Screening of local selections of pearl millet for resistance to downy mildew. Indian Phytopathology 31:224-225. Shinde, R.B., Patil, F.B., and Sangave, R.A. 1984. Resistance to downy mildew in pearl millet. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities 9(3):337-338. Singh, F., Singh, R.K., Singh, R . M . , and Singh, R.B. 1978. Genetic analysis of downy mildew (Sclerospora graminicola) resistance in pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.) S. & H.) Zeitschrift fuer Pflanzenzuechtung 81:54-57. Singh, P., and Agarwal, R.K. 1979. Effect of zinc and phosphatic fertilizers on the incidence of downy mildew and the nutrient contents in pearl millet. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 49:459-462. Singh, S.D. 1974. Studies on the downy mildew disease (Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet.) of bajra (Pennisetum typhoides (Burm. F), Stapf and C.E Hubb.) Ph.D thesis, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. 126 pp. Singh, S.D. 1983a. Selection for downy mildew resistance in the parental lines of the susceptible hybrid BJ 104. International Working Group on Graminaceous Downy Mildews ( I W G G D M ) Newsletter 5(1):2. Singh, S.D. 1983b. Variable cultivar response to Metalaxyl treatment in pearl millet. Plant Disease 67:1013-1015. Singh, S.D., and Gopinath, R. 1985. A seedling inoculation technique for detecting downy mildew resistance in pearl millet. Plant Disease 69:582-584. Singh, S.D., Gopinath, R., Luther, K . D . M , Reddy, P . M . , and Pawar, M . N . 1984. Systemic remissive properties of Metalaxyl against downy mildew in pearl millet. Plant Disease 68:668-670. Singh, S.D., and Luther, K . D . M . 1981. Further studies on the host range of Sclerospora graminicola. International Working Group on Graminaceous Downy Mildews ( I W G - G D M ) Newsletter 3(2):3-4. Singh, S.D., and Singh, G. (In press.) Resistance to downy mildew in pearl millet hybrid N H B 3 at Durgapura. Indian Phytopathology. Singh, S.D., and Williams, R.J. 1979a. A study of the host range of Sclerospora graminicola. International Working Group on Graminaceous Downy Mildews ( I W G G D M ) Newsletter 1(2):3. Singh, S.D., and Williams, R.J. 1979b. Downy mildew cure by Ridomil and its control by Apron. International Working Group on Graminaceous Downy Mildews (IWG- G D M ) Newsletter 1(2):3. Singh, S.D., and Williams, R.J. 1980. The role of sporangia in the epidemiology of pearl millet downy mildew. Phytopathology 70:1187-1190. 171
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Cover: Ex-Bornu, an important landr
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Correct citation: I C R I S A T (In
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Pearl Millet Entomology Insect Pest
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Potential and Prospects of Pearl Mi
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tropical countries i t w i l l be v
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Opening Session
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globusum has globose caryopses, and
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Area, Production, and Productivity:
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area increased substantially in Raj
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apply complex fertilizer at 20-60 k
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Diseases. Diseases are endemic to p
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levels of adoption. The relative co
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Socioeconomic Factors Management. T
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Pearl Millet in African Agriculture
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The poor performance in food produc
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900 800 700 600 Mean 500 400 300 20
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population pressures in recent year
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Economics of Millet Production In 1
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ather than to yield increases, show
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Simpara, M. B. 1985. La recherche s
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making it possible to grow a number
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in about 30 accessions. Unlike mono
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genome male-sterile lines, and A A
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Pearl m i l l e t (Pennisetum ameri
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Vasil, V., and Vasil, I . K . 1981a
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Introduction Pearl millet (Penniset
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Clean sorghum o r m i l l e t G r i
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peas, peanuts, or baobab leaves. Wh
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Beer Two major kinds of beer are pr
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properties for pearl millets. It is
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54 Figure 9. A. Pearl millet with a
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the germ (McDonough 1986). The high
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Table 6. Nitrogen distribution in s
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Banigo, E.O.I., de Man, J.B., and D
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Discussion The discussion of the pa
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Improvement through Plant Breeding
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Diversity and Utilization of Pearl
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with protruding grains, but in the
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Table 2. Pearl millet accessions as
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lese millets constitute two distinc
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turn, P. purpureum, (Dujardin and H
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more to useful genetic diversificat
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Hanna, W . W . , Wells, H . D . , a
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Varietal Improvement of Pearl Mille
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the weedy form can significantly in
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Table 3. Evaluation of heterosis in
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Table 4. Grain yield of local 3/4 p
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ased on selection of drought-resist
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Marchais, L., and Pernes, J. 1985.
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Andrews 1984), there are operationa
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S h o r t - t e r m g o a l s I n t
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Table 4a. Prediction equations, adv
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Table 4c. Prediction equations, adv
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Nebraska B s y n t h e t i c o r i
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6 P o p u l a t i o n c r o s s e s
Page 133 and 134: Pearl Millet Hybrids H . R . Dave 1
Page 135 and 136: Table 2. Early released hybrids in
Page 137 and 138: Table 6. Performance of third phase
Page 139 and 140: Breeding Pearl Millet Male-Sterile
Page 141 and 142: Table 1. Male-sterile lines of pear
Page 143 and 144: Senegal. This source is reported to
Page 145 and 146: possible solutions to produce high
Page 147 and 148: selected from IP 2696 has recently
Page 149: Burton, G.W., and Athwal, D.S. 1967
Page 153: Biological Factors Affecting Pearl
Page 157: Moderator's Overview Biological Fac
Page 160 and 161: Introduction Downy mildew of pearl
Page 162 and 163: 2 3 1 2 4 6 I 5 3 1 A s e x u a l s
Page 164 and 165: however, that wind plays an importa
Page 166 and 167: Figure 4. Figure assembly to demons
Page 168 and 169: in sterilized distilled water. Leav
Page 170 and 171: Frederiksen, R.A., and Rosenow, D .
Page 172 and 173: Tasugi, H. 1933. Studies on Japanes
Page 174 and 175: (Decarvalho 1949), Nigeria (King an
Page 176 and 177: Table 1. Differential and stable do
Page 178 and 179: ness against certain Phycomycetes (
Page 180 and 181: Large s c a l e f i e l d s c r e e
Page 184 and 185: Sun, M . H . , Chang, S.S., and Tsa
Page 186 and 187: Introduction Ergot (Claviceps fusif
Page 188 and 189: antidotale (Thakur and Kanwar 1978)
Page 190 and 191: Table 1. Performance of some select
Page 192 and 193: Table 4. Performance of some select
Page 194 and 195: Siddiqui, M . R . , and Khan, I . D
Page 196 and 197: 184
Page 198 and 199: 186
Page 200 and 201: 188
Page 202 and 203: 190
Page 204 and 205: 192
Page 206 and 207: 194
Page 208 and 209: Sahelian Zone Tunisia 0 km 1000 Mor
Page 210 and 211: eflexa, and other scarab beetle spe
Page 212 and 213: 200 Partially Burning, Bagging, and
Page 214 and 215: Table 1. Predators, parasites, and
Page 216 and 217: References Appert, J. 1957. Les Par
Page 219 and 220: Role and Utilization of Microbial A
Page 221 and 222: located through the root phloem. In
Page 223 and 224: They are not strong competitors in
Page 225: Fred, E.B., Baldwin, I . L . , and
Page 229: Climatic and Edaphic Limitations to
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much larger, about 2-4 kPa. Differe
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over the range that occurs in the f
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224 top 2 m holds from 100-250 mm o
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The conservative nature of qD is ex
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228 Table 4. Root and shoot charact
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Research on all these responses sho
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Making Millet Improvement Objective
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Table 1. Percentage of cultivated a
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• Well adapted, early-maturity, l
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in tests conducted by ICRISAT on fa
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ing a relatively good year in the S
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stress, as well as to genetic diffe
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Norman, D . W . , Newman, M . D . ,
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919.0 1212.0, Total area: 11.19 m i
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Table 4. Economics of pearl millet
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Azospirillum as a Seed Inoculant Az
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Management Practices to Increase Yi
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1500 1300 1100 900 700 500 300 100
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a physical form similar to SSP and
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Tillage The beneficial effects of t
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tivars of different maturity groups
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as fertility. The nitrogen contribu
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Greenland, D.J. 1958. Nitrate fluct
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Breeding for Adaptation to Environm
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15 S i k a r D i s t r i c t 15 Nia
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Table 2. Percentage of variation in
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Table 3. Correlation of the drought
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Selection for Traits Correlated to
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Discussion Squire's paper drew on d
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Androgenesis and Enzymatic Diversit
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Research on Pearl Millet Hybrids in
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La couleur des grains est variable.
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processed in different ways dependi
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Genetic Divergence in Landraces of
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Pearl Millet Regional Trials by CIL
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cultural practices such as early pl
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Host-Plant Resistance to Insect Pes
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of synthetics and composite varieti
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Pearl Millet Microbiology Potential
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available phosphate level in the so
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Pearl Millet Production in Drier Ar
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with cowpea system was the most eff
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Pearl Millet Pathology Disease Inci
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diseases hitherto undescribed are c
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Stunt and Counter-Stunt Symptoms in
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promising sources of resistance: Se
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69-188 mm for total seedling length
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un certain nombre de contraintes d'
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Priorities for Crop Protection Rese
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• those falling into other discip
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Striga Breeding for resistance to S
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ting improved cultivars to existing
Page 345 and 346:
Survey of Pearl Millet Production a
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Table 4. Major constraints to produ
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Table 6. Extent of cultivation of r
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Table 10. Area planted to released
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Table 12. Production area and produ
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Participants Botswana Louis Mazhani
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Madhya Pradesh G.S. Chauhan Millet
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M . N . Prasad Professor & Head Cot
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S.K. Manzo Plant Pathologist Depart
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ICRISAT Center S. Appa Rao Botanist
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RA-00110
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