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Bono, M. 1962. L'experimentation varietale sur mil (Pennisetum). Les obstacles. Les resultats. L'orientation nouvelle de l'amelioration. (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 17:734-751. Bono, M . , and Leclercq, P. 1963. Methodes d'amelioration varietale des mils et sorghos utilisees au C R A Bambey. (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 18(l):33-52. Bono, M. 1973. Contribution a la morpho-systematique des Pennisetum annuels cultives pour leur grain en Afrique Occidentale Francophone. Agronomie Tropicale 28(3): 229-355. Brunken, J., de Wet, J.M.J., and Harlan, J.R. 1977. The morphology and domestication of pearl millet. Economic Botany 31(3): 163-174. Chantereau, J. and Etasse, C. 1976. Creation de populations naines de mil Pennisetum (Pennisetum typhoides Stapf) au Niger. (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 31(3): 254-257. Dancette, C. 1976. Cartes d'adaptation a la saison des pluies des mils a cycle court dans la moitie nord due S6negal. Pages 19-47 in Comite consultatif F A O / I A E A "Efficiency of water and fertilizer in semi-arid regions". 10-14 Nov 1975, Bambey, Senegal. Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency. Technical Document No. 192. Dancette, C. 1980. Besoins en eau et adaptation du mil a la saison des pluies au Senegal. (In Fr.) Pages 211-226 in Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Agroclimatological Research Needs of the Semi-Arid Tropics, 22-24 Nov 1978, Hyderabad, India. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. Dancette, C. 1983. Besoins en eau du mil au Senegal. Adaptation en zone semi-aride tropicale. (In Fr.) Agronomic Tropicale 38:267-280. Delassus, M. 1964. Les principales maladies du mil et du sorgho observees en Haute-Volta en 1963. (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 19(6):489-498. Diaby, M. 1982. Criteres de selection SW le petit mil. Memoire de fin d'etude. Thesis, Institut Polytechnique Rural, Katibougou, Mali. 74 pp. Duncan, W.G. 1975. Maize. Pages 23-50 in Crop physiology. Some case histories (Evans, L.T., ed.). Cambridge, U K : Cambridge University Press. 374 pp. Etasse, C. 1965. Amelioration du mil Pennisetum au Senegal. (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 20:976-980. Etasse, C. 1966. Improvement of Pennisetum millet at the Bambey C.R.A. (Senegal). African Soils/Sols Africains ll(l-2):269-275. Etasse, C. 1970. Improvement of Pennisetum millet at the C.R.A. in Bambey: present position regarding work and objectives (July 1969). African Soils/Sols Africains 15(1-3): 509-515. Etasse, C. 1972. Amelioration du mil (Pennisetum typhoides StapO pour l'Agriculture intensive. (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 27:783-790. FAO. 1983. F A O Production Yearbook. v.37. Rome, Italy: FAO. Franquin, P. 1984. Agroclimatologie et agrometeorologie en zone tropicale seche d'Afrique. Agronomie Tropicale 39:301-307. Girard, J.C. 1975. Downy mildew of pearl millet in Senegal. Pages 59-73 in Proceedings of the Consultants' Group Meetings on Downy Mildew and Ergot of Pearl Millet, 1-3 Oct 1975, Hyderabad, India. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi- Arid Tropics. Grouzis, M. 1980. Sur le Pennisetum violaceum sensus lato en Afrique de l'Ouest. Formes, ecologie et distribution geographique. (In Fr.) Bulletin de l'IFAN no. 2. Gupta, S.C. 1984. I S R A / I C R I S A T cooperative program on pearl millet improvement in Senegal. Pages 184-198 in Record of the Regional Workshop on Pearl Millet Improvement, 31 Aug-4 Sep 1984, Niamey, Niger. Niamey, Niger: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi- Arid Tropics, Sahelian Center. (Limited distribution). Jacquinot, L. 1972. Resultats et perspectives des recherches au Senegal sur la potentialite du mil cerealier (Pennisetum typhoides). (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 27(8):815-821. Lambert, C. 1983. Influence de la precocite sur le developpement du mil (Pennisetum typhoides Stapf et Hubbard) en conditions naturelles. I. Elaboration de la touffe. (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 38:(i)7-15. Mclntire, J. 1982. Annual report of the ICR1SAT Economics Program. Niamey, Niger: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (Limited distribution.) Matlon, P.S. 1983. The technical potential for increased food production in the West African Semi-Arid Tropics. Presented at the Conference on Accelerated Agricultural Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, 29 Aug-1 Sep 1983, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe. Matlon, P.S. 1985. Sorghum and millet improvement in the West Africa semi-arid tropics. A critical review of objectives, methods, and progress to date. Presented at the Workshop on Technology Appropriate for Farmers in Semi-arid West Africa, 2-5 Apr 1985, Farming System Unit, S A F G R A D , Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso . Marchais, L. 1982. La diversite phenotypique des mils penicillaires cultives au Senegal et au M a l i . (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 37:68-80. 104
Marchais, L., and Pernes, J. 1985. Genetic divergence between wild and cultivated pearl millets (Pennisetum typhoides). 1. Male sterility. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenzucthtung 95(2): 103-112. Munson, P.J. 1972. Archaeological data on the origins of cultivation in the southwestern Sahara and their implications for West Africa. Pages 187-209 in Origins of African plant domestication (Harlan, J.R., de Wet, J.M.J., and Stemler, D., eds.). The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton. Murdock, G.P. 1959. Africa: its people and their cultural history. New York, USA: McGraw H i l l . Ndoye, M. 1984. Etat de la contrainte phytosanitaire sur la culture du mil dans le Sahel. (In Fr.) Presented at the Seminaire International Projet CILSS de Lutte Integree, 6-13 Dec 1984, Niamey, Niger. O R S T O M (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre Mer) 1976. Rapport de prospection au Niger. (In Fr.) Paris, France: ORSTOM. Pradat, A. 1962. Le probleme Quelea quelea quelea (mange-mils) (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 18(1): 137-142. Purata Velarda, D.C. 1976. Etude de quelques populations de mils Ouest Africains et essai de simulation d'un probleme d'amelioration de cette plante. (In Fr.) Ph.D. thesis, Universite de Paris (Paris-Sud), Orsay, France. 73 pp. Rachie, K.O., and Majmudar, Y.V. 1980. Pearl millet. University Park, Pennsylvania, USA: Pennsylvania State University Press. Ramond, C. 1962. Pour une meilleure connaissance de la croissance et du developpement du mil Pennisetum. (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 13:844-863. Reyniers, F.N., Truong, B., Jacquinot, L., and Nicou, R. 1982. Amelioration de la tolerance du riz pluvial a la secheresse. (In Fr.) Agronomie tropicale 37(3):270-292. Scheming, J.E. 1980. I C R I S A T millet improvement in CILSS countries of West Africa. Presented at the CILSS meeting on food crop improvement, 8-11 Dec 1980. Selvaraj, C.J. 1980. Millet diseases and their control in Nigeria. Samaru Conference Paper no. 25. Samaru, Zaria, Nigera: Institute for Agricultural Research. Siband, P. 1983. Essai d'analyse du fonctionnement du mil (Pennisetum typhoides) en zone sahelienne. (In Fr.) Agronomie Tropicale 38:(l):27-36. Stoop, W.A., Pattanayak, C . M . , Matlon, P.J., and Root, W.R. 1982. A strategy to raise the productivity of subsistence farming systems in the West African semi-arid tropics. Pages 519-526 in Sorghum in the eighties: proceedings of the International Symposium, 2-7 Nov 1981, ICRISAT Center, India. Vol. 2. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. Tompa,T. 1983. Etude du probleme des chibras. 1. Evaluation des pertes de rendement lie de chibra. 2. Elaboration d'une methodologie d'epuration des cultivars locaux. (In Fr.) Thesis, Institut Polytechnique Rural, Katibougou, Mali, 50 pp. Williams, R.J., and Andrews, D.J. 1983. Breeding for disease and pest resistance in pearl millet. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 31(4): 136-158. 105
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Cover: Ex-Bornu, an important landr
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Correct citation: I C R I S A T (In
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Pearl Millet Entomology Insect Pest
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Potential and Prospects of Pearl Mi
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tropical countries i t w i l l be v
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Opening Session
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globusum has globose caryopses, and
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Area, Production, and Productivity:
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area increased substantially in Raj
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apply complex fertilizer at 20-60 k
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Diseases. Diseases are endemic to p
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levels of adoption. The relative co
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Socioeconomic Factors Management. T
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Pearl Millet in African Agriculture
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The poor performance in food produc
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900 800 700 600 Mean 500 400 300 20
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population pressures in recent year
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Economics of Millet Production In 1
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ather than to yield increases, show
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Simpara, M. B. 1985. La recherche s
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making it possible to grow a number
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in about 30 accessions. Unlike mono
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genome male-sterile lines, and A A
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Pearl m i l l e t (Pennisetum ameri
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Vasil, V., and Vasil, I . K . 1981a
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Introduction Pearl millet (Penniset
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Clean sorghum o r m i l l e t G r i
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peas, peanuts, or baobab leaves. Wh
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Beer Two major kinds of beer are pr
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properties for pearl millets. It is
Page 66 and 67: 54 Figure 9. A. Pearl millet with a
Page 68 and 69: the germ (McDonough 1986). The high
Page 70 and 71: Table 6. Nitrogen distribution in s
Page 72 and 73: Banigo, E.O.I., de Man, J.B., and D
Page 75 and 76: Discussion The discussion of the pa
Page 77: Improvement through Plant Breeding
Page 81 and 82: Diversity and Utilization of Pearl
Page 83 and 84: with protruding grains, but in the
Page 85 and 86: Table 2. Pearl millet accessions as
Page 87 and 88: lese millets constitute two distinc
Page 89 and 90: turn, P. purpureum, (Dujardin and H
Page 91 and 92: more to useful genetic diversificat
Page 93 and 94: Hanna, W . W . , Wells, H . D . , a
Page 107 and 108: Varietal Improvement of Pearl Mille
Page 109 and 110: the weedy form can significantly in
Page 111 and 112: Table 3. Evaluation of heterosis in
Page 113 and 114: Table 4. Grain yield of local 3/4 p
Page 115: ased on selection of drought-resist
Page 120 and 121: Andrews 1984), there are operationa
Page 122 and 123: S h o r t - t e r m g o a l s I n t
Page 124 and 125: Table 4a. Prediction equations, adv
Page 126 and 127: Table 4c. Prediction equations, adv
Page 128 and 129: Nebraska B s y n t h e t i c o r i
Page 130 and 131: 6 P o p u l a t i o n c r o s s e s
Page 133 and 134: Pearl Millet Hybrids H . R . Dave 1
Page 135 and 136: Table 2. Early released hybrids in
Page 137 and 138: Table 6. Performance of third phase
Page 139 and 140: Breeding Pearl Millet Male-Sterile
Page 141 and 142: Table 1. Male-sterile lines of pear
Page 143 and 144: Senegal. This source is reported to
Page 145 and 146: possible solutions to produce high
Page 147 and 148: selected from IP 2696 has recently
Page 149: Burton, G.W., and Athwal, D.S. 1967
Page 153: Biological Factors Affecting Pearl
Page 157: Moderator's Overview Biological Fac
Page 160 and 161: Introduction Downy mildew of pearl
Page 162 and 163: 2 3 1 2 4 6 I 5 3 1 A s e x u a l s
Page 164 and 165: however, that wind plays an importa
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Figure 4. Figure assembly to demons
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in sterilized distilled water. Leav
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Frederiksen, R.A., and Rosenow, D .
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Tasugi, H. 1933. Studies on Japanes
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(Decarvalho 1949), Nigeria (King an
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Table 1. Differential and stable do
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ness against certain Phycomycetes (
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Large s c a l e f i e l d s c r e e
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References A I C M I P ( A U India
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Sun, M . H . , Chang, S.S., and Tsa
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Introduction Ergot (Claviceps fusif
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antidotale (Thakur and Kanwar 1978)
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Table 1. Performance of some select
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Table 4. Performance of some select
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Siddiqui, M . R . , and Khan, I . D
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184
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186
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188
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190
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192
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194
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Sahelian Zone Tunisia 0 km 1000 Mor
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eflexa, and other scarab beetle spe
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200 Partially Burning, Bagging, and
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Table 1. Predators, parasites, and
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References Appert, J. 1957. Les Par
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Role and Utilization of Microbial A
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located through the root phloem. In
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They are not strong competitors in
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Fred, E.B., Baldwin, I . L . , and
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Climatic and Edaphic Limitations to
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much larger, about 2-4 kPa. Differe
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over the range that occurs in the f
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224 top 2 m holds from 100-250 mm o
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The conservative nature of qD is ex
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228 Table 4. Root and shoot charact
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Research on all these responses sho
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Making Millet Improvement Objective
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Table 1. Percentage of cultivated a
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• Well adapted, early-maturity, l
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in tests conducted by ICRISAT on fa
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ing a relatively good year in the S
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stress, as well as to genetic diffe
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Norman, D . W . , Newman, M . D . ,
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919.0 1212.0, Total area: 11.19 m i
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Table 4. Economics of pearl millet
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Azospirillum as a Seed Inoculant Az
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Management Practices to Increase Yi
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1500 1300 1100 900 700 500 300 100
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a physical form similar to SSP and
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Tillage The beneficial effects of t
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tivars of different maturity groups
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as fertility. The nitrogen contribu
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Greenland, D.J. 1958. Nitrate fluct
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Breeding for Adaptation to Environm
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15 S i k a r D i s t r i c t 15 Nia
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Table 2. Percentage of variation in
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Table 3. Correlation of the drought
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Selection for Traits Correlated to
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Discussion Squire's paper drew on d
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Androgenesis and Enzymatic Diversit
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Research on Pearl Millet Hybrids in
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La couleur des grains est variable.
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processed in different ways dependi
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Genetic Divergence in Landraces of
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Pearl Millet Regional Trials by CIL
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cultural practices such as early pl
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Host-Plant Resistance to Insect Pes
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of synthetics and composite varieti
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Pearl Millet Microbiology Potential
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available phosphate level in the so
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Pearl Millet Production in Drier Ar
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with cowpea system was the most eff
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Pearl Millet Pathology Disease Inci
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diseases hitherto undescribed are c
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Stunt and Counter-Stunt Symptoms in
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promising sources of resistance: Se
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69-188 mm for total seedling length
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un certain nombre de contraintes d'
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Priorities for Crop Protection Rese
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• those falling into other discip
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Striga Breeding for resistance to S
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ting improved cultivars to existing
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Survey of Pearl Millet Production a
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Table 4. Major constraints to produ
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Table 6. Extent of cultivation of r
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Table 10. Area planted to released
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Table 12. Production area and produ
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Participants Botswana Louis Mazhani
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Madhya Pradesh G.S. Chauhan Millet
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M . N . Prasad Professor & Head Cot
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S.K. Manzo Plant Pathologist Depart
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ICRISAT Center S. Appa Rao Botanist
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RA-00110
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