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Przykładowe strony 2 - HandyBooks

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1.2. Gerund vs. Infinitives<br />

Konstrukcje gerundialne i bezokolicznikowe<br />

1.2.1. gerund (going)<br />

Gerund jest rzeczownikiem pochodzącym od czasownika. W języku<br />

angielskim charakteryzuje się on końcówką –ing, dodaną do formy<br />

podstawowej czasownika, np.:<br />

to walk – spacerować<br />

walking – spacerowanie<br />

to swim – pływać<br />

swimming - pływanie<br />

Gerund pełni w zdaniu trzy funkcje:<br />

podmiotu, np.:<br />

Reading in bed is pleasant.<br />

Swimming is my favourite sport.<br />

dopełnienia, np.:<br />

I enjoy playing cards.<br />

He should avoid talking to her.<br />

orzecznika (dopełnienie czasownika “to be”), np.:<br />

Ted’s favourite pastime is listening to classical music.<br />

What I like best is walking in the rain.<br />

Występowanie formy gerundialnej:<br />

po niektórych czasownikach, np.:<br />

admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, confess to, consider, defer, delay,<br />

deny, detest, dislike, dread, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forgive,<br />

go, hate, imagine, involve, keep, love, loathe, mention, mind, miss,<br />

pardon, postpone, practise, prevent, propose, recollect, resent, resist,<br />

risk, save, spend, suggest, understand.<br />

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po przyimkach i zwrotach przyimkowych, np.:<br />

Are you keen on playing volleyball<br />

She succeeded in getting the job.<br />

po niektórych zwrotach i wyraŜeniach, np.:<br />

it’s no use<br />

it’s (not) worth<br />

it’s no good<br />

be busy<br />

what’s the use of…<br />

there’s no point (in)<br />

can’t help<br />

can’t stand<br />

be/get used to<br />

have difficulty (in)<br />

It’s no use learning German.<br />

We couldn’t help laughing.<br />

1.2.2. Infinitives<br />

1.2.2.1. full infinitive (to go)<br />

1. Bezokolicznik poprzedzony partykułą to, moŜe pełnić w zdaniu<br />

funkcję:<br />

podmiotu, np.:<br />

To learn English is an easy task.<br />

dopełnienia, np.:<br />

I am happy to be here with you.<br />

orzecznika, np.:<br />

Her plan is to have 5 children.<br />

przydawki, np.:<br />

Tom was the first to get up.<br />

okolicznika celu, np.:<br />

He visited them to tell them about the death of their grandmother.<br />

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Występowanie formy Full Infinitive:<br />

po niektórych czasownikach, np.:<br />

agree, aim, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, bother, care, choose, claim,<br />

consent, decide, decline, demand, determine, endeavour, fail, guarantee,<br />

happen, hesitate, hope, learn, long, manage, neglect, offer, plan,<br />

prepare, pretend, proceed, promise, prove, refuse, resolve, seem, swear,<br />

tend, threaten, urge, volunteer, vow.<br />

po przymiotnikach (*wyjątek: busy, worth ), np.:<br />

I was annoyed to hear that she had died.<br />

po it + be + przymiotnik + of, np.:<br />

It was kind of him to welcome us.<br />

po too i enough, np.:<br />

She is too short to play basketball.<br />

She is responsible enough to go there.<br />

po only, np.:<br />

She rushed to school only to learn that she had failed the exam.<br />

po who, what, where, how, when, np.:<br />

She didn’t know where to go.<br />

what to do.<br />

how to get there.<br />

po be + the first/third/best…etc., np.:<br />

She was the last to come.<br />

po wyraŜeniach: would like/love/hate, would prefer, np.:<br />

They would prefer to stay at home.<br />

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