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Imaging electron motion with attosecond time resolution

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Why not energy domain - photoabsorption<br />

∆t = 100 <strong>attosecond</strong>, ∆E·∆t = ħ /2 ⇒<br />

∆E = 6.58 eV<br />

grating<br />

slit<br />

counter<br />

lamp<br />

specimen<br />

I( ω)<br />

= exp[ −µ ( ω)<br />

L]<br />

µ ( ω)<br />

⇒ ε(<br />

ω)<br />

ε(<br />

ω)<br />

−1<br />

χ<br />

e(<br />

ω)<br />

=<br />

4π<br />

P( ω)<br />

= χ ( ω)<br />

E(<br />

ω)<br />

e<br />

P(t)<br />

E(t)<br />

∫ ∞ −∞<br />

P( t)<br />

= dt′<br />

χ ( t − t′<br />

) ( t′<br />

e<br />

E )<br />

t 0<br />

<strong>time</strong> (as!)<br />

“…energy-domain measurements on their own are – in general – unable to provide detailed insight<br />

into the evolution of multi-<strong>electron</strong> dynamics.” – M. Drescher, et. al., Nature (2002)

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