DTIS, Volume I - Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF)

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cent share of overall employment. This represents a decrease of 19 per cent from 11,943 in 1990, a trend that has been observed since 1980 (see Table 8.6). While the total workforce grew by more than 30,000 between 1990 and 2000, the share of the fishery sector in overall employment decreased by 10 per cent. The explanatory factors include: • A higher level of efficiency in fishing due to gradual modernization of the fleet in terms of better engines and a few new fibreglass vessels. These require shorter and fewer trips to produce the same or even higher volume of catch. • Low level of value added activities, weak linkages with other economic sectors, and decline of the traditional cottage style processing. • Fishing is not seen as an attractive career opportunity by the younger generation, as the profession is not associated with educational and social esteem. Current conditions on board are basic. These factors outweigh the income generating aspect, which for fishing exceeds a standard government salary check Table 8.6: Sector Employment National Employment Sector Employment % Share On-board Activities Other Activities Census Men Women 1990 55,949 11,498 21 11,364 134 11,181 317 2000 86,245 9,294 11 9,019 275 9,181 113 Decline 2,204 2,345 2,000 204 % Decline 19 21 18 64 Source: NPND 2004, Table 3.9 Local fishermen use pole and line to catch skipjack tuna, which accounts for most of the catch in the Maldives. This is a labour intensive and fairly sustainable method of fishing. On-board activities accounted for 98 per cent of sector employment in 1990 and 97 percent in 2000. Other employment activities in the sector relate mostly to fish handling and processing activities, associated administrative work, repair and maintenance. The small increase in these non-fishing jobs indicates that the multiplier factor can improve if more valueadded activities are carried out. Fishing as a traditional business is mostly practised from wooden hulled vessels with basic facilities for the crew. As most fishing is with pole and line carried out on a daytrip basis, conditions on board are not suitable for women, and the pole and line technology that is applied requires muscle power. Accordingly, women employment in the sector is mostly in processing and administrative activities. In the few processing factories that are in operation, women carry out tasks such as filleting, trimming, packing, in addition to quality control procedures, 127
documentation, and administration. However, there was a substantial decline in women employment in the sector of around 64 per cent between 1990 and 2000. The main reason is the general decline of the traditional cottage style processing of ‘Maldives Fish’ (dried, salted, or smoked). There are also differences in sector employment patterns between the atolls. While more than one in three workers in Ghaafu Alifu is employed in fishing, less than one in twelve workers in Haa Dhaalu, Shaviyani, Noonu and Gnaviyani are employed in fishing. The <strong>DTIS</strong> team established that 672 foreign workers worked in the sector in 2003 – a number that has been gradually increasing over the years. These jobs are mostly in management and processing activities requiring skills. Training facilities are limited in number, scope and quality. The main facility is the Centre for Maritime Studies (CMS), which offers training in navigation and associated functions. MFAMR offers a short course in fish filleting and packaging that is targeted at women. The Faculty of Engineering and Technology offers training in general mechanical engineering but this is mostly geared towards careers in the merchant fleet and inter-island tourist transport. However, there are no courses to provide training for fishing captains, master fishermen, mechanical engineers in a modern fishing fleet, on-board post harvest handling of the catch, and quality assurance systems such as the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP), or ISO 9001 and 14001 series quality assurance standard documentation systems. This partially explains why employment as a fisherman is considered to be work for the uneducated, associated with low social status and offering very little attraction for the young. III. Institutional and Policy Issues Fisheries policy and regulation is the responsibility of Ministry of Fisheries, Agriculture and Marine Resources (MFAMR) while the Marine Research Centre (MRC) is responsible for scientific research and analysis. Some of the staff in both agencies is highly qualified. For example, the MRC has a staff of 26, eight of whom hold academic degrees. But the overall capacity to carry out policy analysis and implement development plans is considered insufficient. There is scope for upgrading the level of technical training and bringing modern methods of fishery policy management into work of the two agencies. Other participants in fisheries policy are the Maldives Industrial Fishing Company (MIFCO) a state-owned enterprise, the Maldives Fisherman Association, and the Public Health Laboratory (PHL). MIFCO acts as a wholesale buyer especially in the southern atolls. It is also a processor and exporter (in competition with private companies). In all, there are four commercial 128
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FINAL R E P O R T Volume 1 MALDIVES
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GSP HACCP HDFC HDI HIES HH HRD HS I
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TRIPS TRTA TSA TTMP UAE UK UNCTAD U
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CHAPTER 6: CUSTOMS SERVICES AND TRA
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major stakeholders as the basis of
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C. ECONOMIC TRENDS Buoyant GDP grow
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WTO members (through the Committee
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The recommendations cover these iss
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Requirements Action no. Action reco
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government, and lawmakers are elect
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. 4
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to Sri Lanka. However, by 2004 the
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This relatively high proportion of
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On an annual basis, total NFA of th
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elow provides data on the public in
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According to the estimates prepared
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Table 2.8: Damage to agricultural f
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II. Imports - Merchandise There has
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the relatively high rate of unemplo
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A. DESTINATION OF MERCHANDISE EXPOR
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Penetration of international market
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Overall, the importance of foreign
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on goods deemed luxury goods (e.g.
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the Japan and USA markets. 11 Fish
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The Modalities provide that the res
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emoved. However, in order to provid
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EBA. Appropriate transition arrange
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Several provisions such as Article
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CHAPTER 4 POVERTY REDUCTION AND HUM
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Table 4.2: Poverty Gap Ratios per R
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produced locally and are readily av
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commerce, information and communica
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Table 4.3: Fishery Sector employmen
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This also requires policies that ta
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with routine functions of administe
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Applying for a license to invest in
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E. MINISTRY OF FISHERIES, AGRICULTU
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K. PRIVATE SECTOR STAKEHOLDERS Priv
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Overall, it is estimated that the c
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The cash is held and disbursed by t
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difficult to reach given the except
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system of micro-credit intermediari
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F. LAND, RAW MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES
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B. LABOUR MARKET REFORM About 44 pe
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Appendix The mixed record of the Ma
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legislation incorporates the initia
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DTIS, Volume I - Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF)

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