DTIS, Volume I - Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF)
DTIS, Volume I - Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF) DTIS, Volume I - Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF)
2005 accounting for almost a quarter of total exports in the first half of the year. Sri Lanka has remained a significant market (around 13 per cent). Table 8.5: Main Export Destinations, percentage by value (FOB) Country 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 (Jan- Jun) United States 40.7 38.4 32.3 26.5 1.2 EU, of which: 17.1 14.0 15.7 19.3 24.4 UK 9.0 9.5 9.7 9.8 13.0 Germany 6.1 3.3 3.8 4.9 5.2 Sri Lanka 19.3 15.4 13.6 12.3 13.4 Thailand 8.6 14.6 16.4 23.5 21.2 Japan 4.6 11.5 10.3 11.7 24.5 Source: Calculated from Statistical Yearbook of Maldives 2004 and Customs Services The bulk of the frozen products (tuna) are exported to the Thai processing industry, where economies of scale allow more profitable production of canned tuna destined in particular for the EU and US markets. The EU is the main market for canned tuna from the Maldives, of which the UK and Germany are the most important markets, followed by France, the Netherlands and Italy. Sri Lanka takes mostly dried and salted fish products, with only little value added accruing to the Maldives. But these intermediaries are turned into more attractive fish oils etc. in Sri Lanka. The latter process could just as easily take place in the Maldives. In fact, the level of fish manufacturing is lagging behind and product development is receiving very little attention and support. The government has yet to take the lead in promoting product development or new sustainable fishing technologies for example, for reef fish. For the foreseeable future, merchandise exports from Maldives are likely to remain based on fish products. The direction of exports will therefore be towards the future main fish product importing markets. In this regard the EU is the leading worldwide importer, with imports of eight million tonnes in 2001 28 . It is a particularly attractive market for suppliers providing value added products such as fresh on ice products, reef or deepwater fish fillets and tuna loins. The EU market for whole fish is limited. With a growth rate of 3 – 4 per cent per annum, the EU market is likely to remain the most important destination for Maldivian seafood exporters as the products demanded are canned and frozen loins of yellow fin tuna, and reef fish such as snappers and groupers, which are available in the Maldivian waters. However, to gain and extend market share in the EU will require that the Maldivian industry export value added products to meet the demand for ready meal fish products. Japan on the other hand remains focused on frozen whole fish for its sushi and sashimi markets. Although growth rates at 4 - 5 per cent per annum are slightly higher than in the EU, whole fish products in demand in Japan are based on blue fin and big eye tuna, which are rarely caught in Maldivian waters. 28 The most recent year where comparable data are available according to the leading seafood market intelligence organizations: EUROFISH Magazine (part of the FAO Globefish network) and Seafood International – a leading commercial magazine. 125
In the light of these market trends, Maldivian suppliers endeavouring to take advantage of the opportunities will have to invest in modern facilities to meet processing standards in these markets. Standards are virtually the same for the EU and the United States and with small differences for Japan. If and when the Maldives graduates from LDC status, it will no longer be eligible for certain preferences including fish exports. It is expected that canned, fresh and chilled tuna exported to the EU will be affected. DOMESTIC TRADE The domestic trade in fish and fish products is driven by: • Consumption by Maldivian people • Consumption at the tourist resorts The statistical information does not provide data for these two groups. However, FAOSTAT has estimated consumption per year of 161 kg per person in raw fish equivalents. This indicates the importance of fish in the local diet in which SKJ is the preferred species, sold as fresh fish. The main domestic market outlet is Male’, where SKJ attracts higher prices per kg than yellowfin tuna. The secondary markets are the regional hubs. Other parts of the catch are consumed locally at the home islands of the vessels. Fish may be sold directly from the beach or in increasing numbers from harbour-side markets. On inhabited islands, excess catch is processed or sold to middlemen for processing. It was reported to the DTIS team that traditional hot smoking of fish is still carried out on the islands for the taste and as a way of preserving the fish. Figures for resort consumption or purchase are not directly available. However, according to the interviews conducted by the DTIS team with resort chefs and vessel owners, quantities sold to the resorts are relatively small. The highest demand is for reef fish and lobster. The chefs recognize the high quality of these products from Maldivian waters. But problems with the regularity in supply have been encountered, causing the chefs to be very conscious about alternative supply sources. This explains why some of the resorts have started to buy reef fish from contracted fishing boats. It was noted that imports of fish products still supply many of the resorts and restaurant catering consumption. B. EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING With some 200 inhabited islands fishing has been and remains the main traditional occupation. There is no systematic data gathering on employment in the fishery sector that covers both traditional fishermen and the registered companies. But based on national census data, employment in the sector in 2000 was 9,234 persons, about 11 per 126
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In the light of these market trends, Maldivian suppliers endeavouring to take advantage of<br />
the opportunities will have to invest in modern facilities to meet processing standards in<br />
these markets. Standards are virtually the same for the EU and the United States and with<br />
small differences for Japan.<br />
If and when the Maldives graduates from LDC status, it will no longer be eligible for<br />
certain preferences including fish exports. It is expected that canned, fresh and chilled<br />
tuna exported to the EU will be affected.<br />
DOMESTIC TRADE<br />
The domestic trade in fish and fish products is driven by:<br />
• Consumption by Maldivian people<br />
• Consumption at the tourist resorts<br />
The statistical information does not provide data for these two groups. However,<br />
FAOSTAT has estimated consumption per year of 161 kg per person in raw fish<br />
equivalents. This indicates the importance of fish in the local diet in which SKJ is the<br />
preferred species, sold as fresh fish.<br />
The main domestic market outlet is Male’, where SKJ attracts higher prices per kg than<br />
yellowfin tuna. The secondary markets are the regional hubs. Other parts of the catch are<br />
consumed locally at the home islands of the vessels. Fish may be sold directly from the<br />
beach or in increasing numbers from harbour-side markets. On inhabited islands, excess<br />
catch is processed or sold to middlemen for processing. It was reported to the <strong>DTIS</strong> team<br />
that traditional hot smoking of fish is still carried out on the islands for the taste and as a<br />
way of preserving the fish.<br />
Figures for resort consumption or purchase are not directly available. However,<br />
according to the interviews conducted by the <strong>DTIS</strong> team with resort chefs and vessel<br />
owners, quantities sold to the resorts are relatively small. The highest demand is for reef<br />
fish and lobster. The chefs recognize the high quality of these products from Maldivian<br />
waters. But problems with the regularity in supply have been encountered, causing the<br />
chefs to be very conscious about alternative supply sources. This explains why some of<br />
the resorts have started to buy reef fish from contracted fishing boats. It was noted that<br />
imports of fish products still supply many of the resorts and restaurant catering<br />
consumption.<br />
B. EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING<br />
With some 200 inhabited islands fishing has been and remains the main traditional<br />
occupation. There is no systematic data gathering on employment in the fishery sector<br />
that covers both traditional fishermen and the registered companies. But based on<br />
national census data, employment in the sector in 2000 was 9,234 persons, about 11 per<br />
126
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