DTIS, Volume I - Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF)

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estimates that tourism contributed about one-third, i.e. Rf. 2,483 million (USD 195 million), corresponding to 32.7 per cent of the total GDP. Tourism’s significant importance for the overall Maldivian economy can be illustrated by comparing average GDP growth with annual tourist arrivals. The clear relationship between the increasing level of tourism and GDP growth is shown in Table 7.1. The main linkages of the tourism industry to the domestic economy are through boat building, transportation services, construction, fisheries, agriculture, handicraft production, etc. Table 7.1: Tourism Arrivals and Per Capita GDP Growth 1985-2003 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 Annual Tourist Arrivals (‘000) 115 195 315 467 461 485 564 Average GDP at constant 1995 prices (USD 158.4 262.1 362.9 539.1 557.7 594.1 644.1 million) BOAT-BUILDING Given that the Maldives tourism product is based on the natural marine environment, and the subsequent essential requirement for boats, the country has developed a buoyant boatbuilding industry, providing a considerable proportion of wood or fibreglass boats used in the tourism industry. TRANSPORTSERVICES The tourism industry has also given rise to boat operators who provide airport transfers as well as transport between islands. In some cases, the resorts also provide these services directly but dedicated boat transfer operators provide in effect water-taxis. Two seaplane operators, the Maldivian Air Taxi (MAT) and Trans Maldivian Aviation (TMA), provide longer transfers to more remote resorts. In both cases, the owners are also financially involved in resort operation. The Trans Maldivian Aviation was recently taken over from the former British owners by two major local resort owners and operators. CONSTRUCTION The ties to the construction industry include actual establishment of new resorts and other accommodation facilities, expansion and maintenance of existing facilities. In this connection, particular pressure is put on the construction industry when the government issues tranches of tenders for resort islands, as was the case in 1997 when 14 resorts were up for tender at the same time. During the <strong>DTIS</strong> mission, 11 resorts were put out to tender. 95
Similarly, considerable demand was placed on the construction industry after the December 2004 tsunami, where as many as 21 out of the total of 87 resorts were affected. During the <strong>DTIS</strong> mission, eight months after the tsunami, 11 resorts were still closed for repairs. Seven more were undergoing significant renovations. These periodic pressures on the construction industry often result in the need to use expatriate labour. FISHERIES AND HORTICULTURE While fresh fish and fish products are supplied to the tourism sector, the supply of local fruit and vegetables is less reliable. A key constraint is obviously limited land availability for cultivation. HANDICRAFTS A characteristic of most handicraft production is that it normally uses a high proportion of local inputs, material and labour, often as high as 100 per cent. However, as the Maldives is a relatively high wage economy, locally produced handicraft tends to be over-priced as compared to mass-produced souvenir items from the Southeast Asian countries. D. CONTRIBUTION TO FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNINGS International tourism is characterized by consumers coming to the destination to consume tourism services on the spot. International tourists pay foreign exchange for the services they consume e.g. accommodation, meals, drinks, domestic transport services, excursions and tours, leisure activities, souvenirs and general shopping. They pay either at the destination or for certain services in advance of traveling. Nevertheless, the payments made by the tourists eventually accrue to the providers and operators of the services consumed. Tourism in the Maldives is characterized by a high degree of pre-travel payment, since a high proportion of tourists come to the Maldives on package tours that are traditionally bought in their home countries before travel. In addition to the international air transport, package tour will by definition include one or more services in the host destination, normally accommodation and meals, as well as transfers, tours, etc. The proportion of the package price that is transferred to Maldivian operators, together with the amount that the tourists spend while in the Maldives constitutes the total earnings from international tourism. This is also internationally referred to as the total tourism receipts. Taking into account annual tourist arrivals, average length of stay, as well as estimates of average daily spending by tourists, the value of international tourism is estimated by the Maldives Monetary Authority (MMA) at almost USD 480 million in 2004. While it is believed that this estimate under values the real foreign exchange earnings from tourism, it is nonetheless more than three times as high as the country’s total visible export earnings from all other economic sectors of approximately USD 123 million, of which 96
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FINAL R E P O R T Volume 1 MALDIVES
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GSP HACCP HDFC HDI HIES HH HRD HS I
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TRIPS TRTA TSA TTMP UAE UK UNCTAD U
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CHAPTER 6: CUSTOMS SERVICES AND TRA
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major stakeholders as the basis of
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C. ECONOMIC TRENDS Buoyant GDP grow
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WTO members (through the Committee
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The recommendations cover these iss
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Requirements Action no. Action reco
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government, and lawmakers are elect
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. 4
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to Sri Lanka. However, by 2004 the
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This relatively high proportion of
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On an annual basis, total NFA of th
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elow provides data on the public in
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According to the estimates prepared
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Table 2.8: Damage to agricultural f
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II. Imports - Merchandise There has
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the relatively high rate of unemplo
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A. DESTINATION OF MERCHANDISE EXPOR
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Penetration of international market
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Overall, the importance of foreign
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on goods deemed luxury goods (e.g.
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the Japan and USA markets. 11 Fish
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The Modalities provide that the res
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emoved. However, in order to provid
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EBA. Appropriate transition arrange
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Several provisions such as Article
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CHAPTER 4 POVERTY REDUCTION AND HUM
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Table 4.2: Poverty Gap Ratios per R
Page 67 and 68: produced locally and are readily av
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Page 71 and 72: Table 4.3: Fishery Sector employmen
Page 73 and 74: This also requires policies that ta
Page 75 and 76: with routine functions of administe
Page 77 and 78: Applying for a license to invest in
Page 79 and 80: E. MINISTRY OF FISHERIES, AGRICULTU
Page 81 and 82: K. PRIVATE SECTOR STAKEHOLDERS Priv
Page 83 and 84: Overall, it is estimated that the c
Page 85 and 86: The cash is held and disbursed by t
Page 87 and 88: difficult to reach given the except
Page 89 and 90: system of micro-credit intermediari
Page 91 and 92: F. LAND, RAW MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES
Page 93 and 94: B. LABOUR MARKET REFORM About 44 pe
Page 95 and 96: Appendix The mixed record of the Ma
Page 97 and 98: legislation incorporates the initia
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER 6 CUSTOMS SERVICES AND TRAN
Page 101 and 102: Maldives Port Authority • Respons
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Page 105 and 106: suspense procedures, thus eliminati
Page 107 and 108: A new domestic terminal at MIA will
Page 109 and 110: There is need to clarify MAC’s na
Page 111 and 112: Changes in the role and structure o
Page 113 and 114: Significant improvements have been
Page 115 and 116: CHAPTER 7 THE TOURISM SECTOR Chapte
Page 117: British market in 2001. In 2004, be
Page 121 and 122: for imports of support infrastructu
Page 123 and 124: government revenues from the supply
Page 125 and 126: number of trainees that have been t
Page 127 and 128: established as a quality tourism de
Page 129 and 130: Maldives' unspoiled marine environm
Page 131 and 132: The Faculty works very closely with
Page 133 and 134: TOURISM ACT A key objective of the
Page 135 and 136: HRD studies and conduct of necessar
Page 137 and 138: D. ESTABLISH AN ENABLING BUSINESS E
Page 139 and 140: Main Recommendation No. 5: review a
Page 141 and 142: Main Recommendation No. 6: Scale-up
Page 143 and 144: CHAPTER 8 FISHERY SECTOR Chapter Pl
Page 145 and 146: processing under-performing more th
Page 147 and 148: per cent - see Table 8.4. The secto
Page 149 and 150: In the light of these market trends
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Page 153 and 154: monitoring and evaluation dates fro
Page 155 and 156: and catering industry chefs demand
Page 157 and 158: It is expected that the trial fishe
Page 159 and 160: • Can seaming and retorting; •
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DTIS, Volume I - Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF)

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