Handbook of Corporate Communication and Public ... - Blogs Unpad
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Figure 19.5 Tesco has statements about many of the issues the company manages on its website organizations ready to aid communications as appropriate. It is important that these lists include information about relevant websites (and the appropriate webpage), email addresses and, if available, instant messaging and online conferencing capability. Part of the practitioner’s job is networking with such organizations for normal exchanges between an organization and its publics and in readiness for issues management at this level. Such contacts should not be managed in a haphazard way but as part of a structured approach to management of issue. Good record keeping is essential and a schedule of contacts maintained. The employee that offers confidential information in order to hold the company accountable or to gain unfair benefit or even as blackmail will require a wider range of expertise on the part of the practitioner. This may be available in-house, with a third party (such as ACAS) and may require a response that is more robust with police or legal participation. As the number of people involved grows, so the organization moves closer to crisis. 3 Issues really escalate when the threat looks as though it will become evident in different communication channels. A threat to a mediated channel, such as a newspaper, government department, or established institution, has the benefit that such organizations tend to seek more information, the truth or at least a good story. Good issues management and effective press relations will keep an issue in proportion. When the channel for expressing an opinion or even fact has moved from internal reporting, conjecture or gossip to a journalist, discussion list or usenet is a change of communication channel and is serious. The issue is now a crisis. The easy way to spot a crisis is that point in time when information jumps channels. The internal (and in many cases associated external) people involved in this crisis are often very vulnerable. They will need help © 2004 Sandra Oliver for editorial matter and selection; individual chapters, the contributors
(as will their families in many cases). They will need somewhere to go away from the glare of publicity. They will need time to think and reflect as well as to plan. These facilities need to be considered well in advance. The media will look very hard and are good at finding ‘secret locations’. Today there is a more dangerous option and it is much easier than talking to a journalist. For example, an employee considering publishing information in a usenet newsgroup or email discussion list or who may consider publication in a personal website is very easy. A threat of a person (external or employee) opening up new channels to express their angst may require counselling and/or external (often legal) help. At this stage the practitioner will need to have available a range of internal and external communication processes. The contacts identified above are now more important and may be needed as part of the issues management plan. Added transparency by way of factual information available to employees and other stakeholders becomes significant. Once again, having the means for using web-based information can be very helpful for both a growing number of internal and external managers and advisers and also to be made available to the public at large. Some of this information can be promoted to relevant publics as part of the plan. The organization’s virtual press office (VPO) is now a very important resource. There needs to be a direct link from the home page (and many other pages) into the VPO. In addition, where the organization has created some form of barrier between unregistered journalists and the favoured (and interested) few, this needs to be removed. In a crisis, a whole new range of journalists will take an interest in the organization and will need very fast access. A prominent (if risky) example of going public when innocent as the means for managing a crisis was used by Neil and Christine Hamilton in the United Kingdom in 2001. The whole story is available at the BBC (http:// news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/newsid_ 1513000/1513921.stm) and offers a case study of how such a strategy can work. Being able to withstand the pressures, especially from the media, in this scenario will have to be thought through very carefully before embarking on such a process. 4 Issues as they escalate to major crisis proportions require the full use of all the crisis management capability mentioned above. Much of the media and especially photographers will be hard to handle. They will always be looking for an angle that juxtaposes people with a ‘slant’ on the story. Panorama, the UK investigative programme broadcast by the BBC made a habit of signing off stories with a journalist posing in front of government ministerial buildings to give otherwise flaky accusations the apparent authority of the government. Crisis management processes at this stage will really be worrying all the organization’s stakeholders. They will seek information and will be happy to accept it from anywhere. Silence can be an option but not often. This does not mean that the media, web or email communication should be the only options for communication. Some pretty old communication techniques are very powerful. A letter (preferably personally signed), private meetings of interested groups and the telephone are all significant forms for communication in a real crisis. At this stage, when survival really is on the line, there will be no other activity in the organization which is more important. Taking resources from all departments in the © 2004 Sandra Oliver for editorial matter and selection; individual chapters, the contributors
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Figure 19.5<br />
Tesco has statements about<br />
many <strong>of</strong> the issues the<br />
company manages on its<br />
website<br />
organizations ready to aid communications as<br />
appropriate. It is important that these lists<br />
include information about relevant websites<br />
(<strong>and</strong> the appropriate webpage), email<br />
addresses <strong>and</strong>, if available, instant messaging<br />
<strong>and</strong> online conferencing capability. Part <strong>of</strong> the<br />
practitioner’s job is networking with such<br />
organizations for normal exchanges between<br />
an organization <strong>and</strong> its publics <strong>and</strong> in readiness<br />
for issues management at this level. Such<br />
contacts should not be managed in a haphazard<br />
way but as part <strong>of</strong> a structured approach to<br />
management <strong>of</strong> issue. Good record keeping is<br />
essential <strong>and</strong> a schedule <strong>of</strong> contacts maintained.<br />
The employee that <strong>of</strong>fers confidential<br />
information in order to hold the company<br />
accountable or to gain unfair benefit or even<br />
as blackmail will require a wider range <strong>of</strong><br />
expertise on the part <strong>of</strong> the practitioner. This<br />
may be available in-house, with a third party<br />
(such as ACAS) <strong>and</strong> may require a response<br />
that is more robust with police or legal participation.<br />
As the number <strong>of</strong> people involved<br />
grows, so the organization moves closer to<br />
crisis.<br />
3 Issues really escalate when the threat<br />
looks as though it will become evident in<br />
different communication channels. A threat to<br />
a mediated channel, such as a newspaper,<br />
government department, or established institution,<br />
has the benefit that such organizations<br />
tend to seek more information, the truth or at<br />
least a good story. Good issues management<br />
<strong>and</strong> effective press relations will keep an issue<br />
in proportion. When the channel for expressing<br />
an opinion or even fact has moved from<br />
internal reporting, conjecture or gossip to a<br />
journalist, discussion list or usenet is a change<br />
<strong>of</strong> communication channel <strong>and</strong> is serious. The<br />
issue is now a crisis. The easy way to spot a<br />
crisis is that point in time when information<br />
jumps channels.<br />
The internal (<strong>and</strong> in many cases associated<br />
external) people involved in this crisis are<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten very vulnerable. They will need help<br />
© 2004 S<strong>and</strong>ra Oliver for editorial matter <strong>and</strong> selection;<br />
individual chapters, the contributors