Handbook of Corporate Communication and Public ... - Blogs Unpad

Handbook of Corporate Communication and Public ... - Blogs Unpad Handbook of Corporate Communication and Public ... - Blogs Unpad

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national differences, and they may say one thing and do another. For example, they might use the rhetoric of diversity and then insist upon common approaches. Some executives talk about internationalization but make sure that all key positions are in the hands of nationals of the ‘home country’. Winners avoid the imposition of standard solutions that are inappropriate in particular locations. Wherever possible, they tailor their approach to local circumstances and individual requirements. They communicate with customers and prospects in ways and using languages that are acceptable to them. Diversity can be a spur to creativity. Successful companies recruit and develop a multinational cadre of managers. Opportunities go to those who are best qualified for each role. Internationalization is not forced down people’s throats. It occurs naturally and problems are tackled as they arise. Losers tend to sweep difficulties under the carpet or hope they will go away. Winners let people network. They allow them to forge whatever cross-border relationships will best enable them to achieve their objectives. Losers also impose a single corporate culture on employees, customers and suppliers regardless of differing local conditions and unfavourable circumstances. Winners strive to adjust their management style to match how the people they wish to develop closer relationships with operate. People should be equipped to handle joint ventures with overseas businesses before they are set up. Time has to be devoted to making them work. Because of the effort involved winners select their prospects with care. They also learn both from their own mistakes and from their customers, suppliers and business partners. Communicating for change More demanding customers, competitive markets and tough trading conditions may trigger reviews of corporate aspirations, approaches, capabilities, structures and operations. Change is generally assumed to be necessary, desirable and beneficial. The ‘management of change’ has become a priority for many organizations. During the recent downturn in economic fortunes many companies initiated a new wave of restructuring and redundancy. Despite a decade of re-engineering, a succession of management fads, heavy investments in new technologies and the extensive use of external management consulting services many boards and management teams were caught flat-footed. Communicators need to address the reality of the context in which they operate. Despite the rhetoric about flexibility, the ambitious claims made by corporate leaders and the hype of their advisers, many companies struggle to cope with adverse circumstances. Because so many corporate change programmes have failed to produce greater resilience and responsiveness, sudden and dramatic readjustments may be thought necessary. Employees are laid off and contracts are cancelled. Recruitment, training and the placing of advertisements are frozen. People are expected to do more with less. As a consequence they may feel jaded and insecure. Many managers do not seem to have learned from previous experience of the consequences of severe cutbacks. There might be various reasons for individual and collective amnesia. People may be overloaded with initiatives, inundated with information, and confused by competing © 2004 Sandra Oliver for editorial matter and selection; individual chapters, the contributors

claims. Many people work very hard and for long hours, but on peripheral activities. They do not focus upon the critical success factors for managing change, competing and winning (Coulson-Thomas, 2002b). If too much is changed at once people may lose a sense of identity, belonging, direction and purpose. Change can disorientate and disrupt, and some individuals can only take so much of it. Business leaders need to think carefully about how much change can be handled before negative consequences wipe out any desired gains. Enough continuity should be provided for people not to feel threatened and insecure. In some companies change has been ubiquitous and indiscriminate. Managers are assessed and rewarded according to the amount of change they bring about. Yet change is rarely neutral and it is not always beneficial. It can be unsettling and disruptive. When mismanaged it can also be stressful and destructive. It can distract people who should be focused upon other priorities. Communicators need to be sensitive to the impacts of changes. Introducing them without first assessing their consequences is risky and may prove very harmful. Altering a task at one point in a process, or introducing a new activity, may cause problems for those operating elsewhere, either within the same process or in a related or dependent one. An end-to-end perspective is required. Few changes affect everyone in the same way. Some may benefit while others are disadvantaged. Those who are satisfied – and they may include key employees and important customers – may favour a status quo, while frustrated colleagues and unhappy individuals may prefer an alternative. Opinion within a board, management team or work group may be divided between those who are for or against particular changes. The impacts of some change may not be immediately apparent. Their consequences might be delayed or hidden. For example, they might result in the loss of strategically important knowledge and understanding. There may be pressure to conform. For a variety of reasons people may be reluctant to speak up against change. Corporate media may not give them a voice. Only one side of an argument may be presented. While enthusiasts may champion change, determined opponents might endeavour to undermine it. When the benefits of change are widely spread the advantaged may not even register them. Marginal beneficiaries may lack the motivation to prevent blocking action by those who are strongly disadvantaged. People who are indifferent or ambivalent may simply ‘go with the flow’. The Centre for Competitiveness has examined the approaches and practices of both ‘winners’ who successfully manage change and ‘losers’ who do not. The attitudes, behaviours and priorities of the two groups are fundamentally different (Coulson-Thomas, 2002b). What is clear is that change helps or harms depending upon what is changed, how it is changed and for what purpose. The findings are similar to those for winning business and building relationships with customers. Losers are indecisive and oblivious to the needs of others. They are cautious, wary of commitments and fail to inspire or motivate. They are also reactive. They respond to events and often fail to anticipate the requirement to change. When they do act it is often in peripheral areas. They overlook what is important. Losers hoard information. They are reluctant to delegate and trust. Although driven by their own agendas they often end up playing other people’s games. They adopt standard approaches and are rigid and inflexible. They © 2004 Sandra Oliver for editorial matter and selection; individual chapters, the contributors

national differences, <strong>and</strong> they may say one<br />

thing <strong>and</strong> do another. For example, they<br />

might use the rhetoric <strong>of</strong> diversity <strong>and</strong> then<br />

insist upon common approaches. Some executives<br />

talk about internationalization but make<br />

sure that all key positions are in the h<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong><br />

nationals <strong>of</strong> the ‘home country’.<br />

Winners avoid the imposition <strong>of</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ard<br />

solutions that are inappropriate in particular<br />

locations. Wherever possible, they tailor their<br />

approach to local circumstances <strong>and</strong> individual<br />

requirements. They communicate with<br />

customers <strong>and</strong> prospects in ways <strong>and</strong> using<br />

languages that are acceptable to them.<br />

Diversity can be a spur to creativity.<br />

Successful companies recruit <strong>and</strong> develop a<br />

multinational cadre <strong>of</strong> managers. Opportunities<br />

go to those who are best qualified for<br />

each role. Internationalization is not forced<br />

down people’s throats. It occurs naturally <strong>and</strong><br />

problems are tackled as they arise.<br />

Losers tend to sweep difficulties under the<br />

carpet or hope they will go away. Winners let<br />

people network. They allow them to forge<br />

whatever cross-border relationships will best<br />

enable them to achieve their objectives.<br />

Losers also impose a single corporate culture<br />

on employees, customers <strong>and</strong> suppliers<br />

regardless <strong>of</strong> differing local conditions <strong>and</strong><br />

unfavourable circumstances. Winners strive to<br />

adjust their management style to match how<br />

the people they wish to develop closer relationships<br />

with operate.<br />

People should be equipped to h<strong>and</strong>le joint<br />

ventures with overseas businesses before they<br />

are set up. Time has to be devoted to making<br />

them work. Because <strong>of</strong> the effort involved<br />

winners select their prospects with care. They<br />

also learn both from their own mistakes <strong>and</strong><br />

from their customers, suppliers <strong>and</strong> business<br />

partners.<br />

Communicating for change<br />

More dem<strong>and</strong>ing customers, competitive<br />

markets <strong>and</strong> tough trading conditions may<br />

trigger reviews <strong>of</strong> corporate aspirations,<br />

approaches, capabilities, structures <strong>and</strong> operations.<br />

Change is generally assumed to be<br />

necessary, desirable <strong>and</strong> beneficial. The ‘management<br />

<strong>of</strong> change’ has become a priority for<br />

many organizations.<br />

During the recent downturn in economic<br />

fortunes many companies initiated a new<br />

wave <strong>of</strong> restructuring <strong>and</strong> redundancy. Despite<br />

a decade <strong>of</strong> re-engineering, a succession<br />

<strong>of</strong> management fads, heavy investments in<br />

new technologies <strong>and</strong> the extensive use <strong>of</strong><br />

external management consulting services<br />

many boards <strong>and</strong> management teams were<br />

caught flat-footed.<br />

Communicators need to address the reality<br />

<strong>of</strong> the context in which they operate. Despite<br />

the rhetoric about flexibility, the ambitious<br />

claims made by corporate leaders <strong>and</strong> the<br />

hype <strong>of</strong> their advisers, many companies struggle<br />

to cope with adverse circumstances.<br />

Because so many corporate change programmes<br />

have failed to produce greater<br />

resilience <strong>and</strong> responsiveness, sudden <strong>and</strong><br />

dramatic readjustments may be thought<br />

necessary.<br />

Employees are laid <strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> contracts are<br />

cancelled. Recruitment, training <strong>and</strong> the<br />

placing <strong>of</strong> advertisements are frozen. People<br />

are expected to do more with less. As a consequence<br />

they may feel jaded <strong>and</strong> insecure.<br />

Many managers do not seem to have learned<br />

from previous experience <strong>of</strong> the consequences<br />

<strong>of</strong> severe cutbacks.<br />

There might be various reasons for individual<br />

<strong>and</strong> collective amnesia. People may be<br />

overloaded with initiatives, inundated with<br />

information, <strong>and</strong> confused by competing<br />

© 2004 S<strong>and</strong>ra Oliver for editorial matter <strong>and</strong> selection;<br />

individual chapters, the contributors

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