Manual for Male Circumcision under Local Anaesthesia

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Male circumcision under local anaesthesia Version 3.1 (Dec09) There are many disinfectant solutions, with varying degrees of effectiveness. In most countries, the most widely available disinfectant is sodium hypochlorite solution (commonly known as bleach or chloros), which is a particularly effective antiviral solution. Cleaning All used instruments and equipment must be cleaned with detergent and water after disinfection and before being high-level disinfected or sterilized. Otherwise, organic matter may prevent adequate contact with the disinfectant or sterilizing agent. The organic matter may also bind and inactivate chemical disinfectants. Instructions for manual cleaning • Wear thick household or utility gloves. • Wear protective eyewear, mask and plastic apron, if available, to prevent contaminated fluids from splashing into your eyes or onto your body. • Thoroughly wash items to be cleaned with soap and clean water: • Use liquid soap, if available. Do not use abrasive cleaners or steel wool, especially on metal (they cause scratches and increase the risk of rusting). • Using a soft brush, scrub instruments under the surface of the water to prevent splashing, paying particular attention to any teeth, joints, or screws. • Rinse the instruments with clean water. • Dry the instruments with a towel or allow them to air-dry. High-level disinfection High-level disinfection destroys all microorganisms except some bacterial endospores. It is usually used for heat-sensitive instruments and equipment that are used in critical sites, but that cannot be sterilized. High-level disinfection is the only acceptable alternative to sterilization for heat-sensitive surgical instruments. There is no single ideal disinfectant. Different grades of disinfectants are used for different purposes. However, glutaral (glutaraldehyde) is generally the most appropriate chemical for high-level disinfection. It must be used under very strictly controlled conditions, in a safe working environment, and the manufacturer’s handling instructions must be strictly followed. Sterilization Sterilization is the destruction of all microorganisms, including bacterial endospores. Sterilization can be achieved by either physical or chemical methods. Sterilization is necessary for medical devices that will be used in sterile body sites. Prevention of Infection Chapter 8-12
Male circumcision under local anaesthesia Version 3.1 (Dec09) Sterilization can be done using: • high-pressure steam (autoclave) or dry heat (oven); • chemicals, such as ethylene oxide or formaldehyde; • radiation. Sterilization of all surgical instruments and supplies is crucial in preventing HIV transmission. All viruses, including HIV, are inactivated by high-pressure steam sterilization (autoclaving) for 20 minutes at 121–132°C, or for 30 minutes if the instruments are in wrapped packs. Items that have been sterilized need to be properly stored, to ensure that they do not become recontaminated. • The storage area should be clean, dry, and free of dust and lint. • The temperature should be kept at approximately 24 °C, and the relative humidity at less than 70%, if possible. • Sterile packs and containers should be stored 20–25 cm off the floor, 45–50 cm from the ceiling and 15–20 cm from an outside wall. • Do not use wooden or cardboard boxes for storage of sterile items, as they shed dust and debris and may harbour insects. • Mark the date of sterilization on the package, and use the oldest packages first – “first in, first out”. Dates serve as an indicator of when packs should be used, but do not guarantee the sterility of the packs. Environmental cleaning Routine cleaning is important to ensure a clean and dust-free clinic environment. Visible dirt usually contains many microorganisms, and routine cleaning helps to eliminate such dirt. Administrative and office areas with no patient contact should be cleaned regularly in the same way as other offices. Most patient care areas should be cleaned by wet mopping; dry sweeping is not recommended. Hot water (80°C) is a useful and effective environmental cleaner. The use of a detergent solution improves the quality of cleaning. All horizontal surfaces and all toilet areas should be cleaned daily. The operating table and instrument trolley should be cleaned with detergent and water between cases. Management of spills Any area that is visibly contaminated with blood or body fluids should be cleaned immediately with detergent and water. After cleaning, disinfect the area with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. Prevention of Infection Chapter 8-13
Page 1:
Male circumcision under local anaes
Page 5 and 6:
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112: Male circumcision under local anaes
Page 161: Male circumcision under local anaes
Page 185: Male circumcision under local anaes
Page 190: For more information, please contac
show all

Manual for Male Circumcision under Local Anaesthesia

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?