GEOTOUR & IRSE 2012.pdf - Fakulta BERG - TUKE

Salgótarján, 04. – 06. October 2012
- The economical situation of the population (ESP)
- Workplace-creating investments (WCI)
- Enterprises (E)
Of course, one of the most important index-group contains the characteristics of the
economical situation. The different size of the settlements has an effect on the data, so it is
important to create dimensions and the unified metric.
In the construction of composite indicators the normalisation is very important. Indicators
should be normalised to render them comparable. Attention need to be paid to extreme values
as they may influence subsequent steps in the process of building a composite indicator.
Skewed data should also be identified and accounted for (OECD Handbook, 2008.).
Different normalisation methods will produce different results for the composite indicator
(Ranking; Standardisation; Min-Max; Indicators above or below the mean etc.). The authors
demonstrate the theoretical background of the “ Indicators above or below the mean”
normalisation type.
This transformation considers the indicators which are above and below an arbitrarily defined
threshold, p, around the mean:
1 if w>(1+p)
{
I t qc= 0 if (1-p) w (1+p) where w =
-1 if w < (1-p)
x
x
t
qc
t 0
qc c
The threshold p builds a neutral region around the mean, where the transformed indicator is
zero. This reduces the sharp discontinuity, from -1 to +1, which exists across the mean value
to two minor discontinuities, from -1 to 0 and from 0 to +1, across the thresholds. A larger
number of thresholds could be created at different distances from the mean value, which
might overlap with the categorical scales. An indicator that moved from significantly below
the mean to significantly above the threshold in the consecutive year would have a positive
effect on the composite (OECD Handbook, 2008.).
SUMMARY
The composite indicator should ideally measure multidimensional concepts which cannot be
captured by a single indicator, e.g. competitiveness, industrialisation, sustainability, single
market integration, knowledge-based society, etc (OECD Handbook, 2008.).
The factor of the economical and social underprivileged areas (ESUA) was created by
summarizing different indexes ordered into five main groups (Siskáné Szilasi, B. 2010).
ESUA = Σ (NF + SF + BEF + CF + EF),
where the NF is the natural factor, the SF is the social factor, the BEF is the built
environmental factor, the CF is the cultural factor, the EF is the economical factor.
In the future we plan to make an empirical study and we will continue the analyses of
statistical data. (Imputation of missing data, Multivariate analysis, Normalisation, Weighting
and aggregation, Robustness and sensitivity, Presentation and visualisation). According to our
results the examined sample area has good possibilities to develop geotourism.
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