GEOTOUR & IRSE 2012.pdf - Fakulta BERG - TUKE

Salgótarján, 04. – 06. October 2012
Surface representation only works with a surface object, as can be made analytically
or approximated by points, lines or polygons.
Volume representation keeps the entire volume of the solid, that is, information about
all points of space that an object occupies.
Logical representation stores information about how the object was created from some
simpler units (folding, intersection, difference, rotation, etc.).
OBTAINING OF SPATIAL COORDINATES
To obtain the spatial coordinates to create spatial models using various measurement methods.
By Pavelka [2] methods to obtain the spatial coordinates are:
Digital Photogrammetry (aerial, terrestrial, satellite) - Measuring method allowing
modelling in 3D space using 2D images.
Laser scanning (air, land) - is currently the most effective method of spatial
measurement and creation three-dimensional (3D) models. It is a non-contact
determination of the spatial coordinates, with extreme speed, accuracy, complexity,
and safety, working on the principle of spatial polar method
Triangulation 3D scanner - for obtaining the shape of small objects are devices that
typically use a combination of several CCD cameras, laser pointer or other assistive
devices.
Radar Interferometry (air, satellite) - is a method of processing two or more radar
satellite images used for the creation of digital terrain models or monitoring
deformations of the earth's crust.
surveying methods (land measurement)
GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems)
Special (physical) - Physical Geodesy
CREATING A SPATIAL MODEL BY LASER SCANNING
For creation of spatial object model was chosen tunnel in the village Smolník. The historic
mining town Smolník is located 18 km north of the southern part of Roņņava Volovské
Vrchy. The beginnings of mining activities date back to the 11th century, but the first written
mention of Smolník is up from 1243. Mining in the beginning focused on precious metals,
especially gold and silver. He later moved to the mining of iron and copper, whose production
base gave glory to Smolník mining for centuries. [4]
At the foot of the hill, just opposite the local authority we can see the grated entrance to an
underground passage. This leads the historic inn, where there are vast cellars. It is likely that
in Smolník as in this passage gave miners dig to through it supplied the restaurant. It was
easier to bring goods before pub and then bear down into the cellars where the need for cold
storage of food. However, it is also possible that the old shaft was situated there earlier and
just uses it as Smolnícka basement is pierced through and through, and lead mines of the
Middle Ages did not keep any records. In the past, because in the village collapsed in the floor
of several buildings, even in the heart. [4]
The basic method of operation of the scanner is the polar spatial method. To determine the
coordinates of a point P is necessary to know the length vector radius d (measured length) and
angles ζ, ω. Angles are obtained as the position mirrors that scatter the laser bunch length as a
rangefinder scanner pulse synchronized with the position of the mirrors. The result of the
calculation of the 3D coordinates of the measuring point of the object in the coordinate system
of the scanner, which is generally oriented and positioned. For scanning points objects is used
distraction laser beam with which they are measured on the surface of the object points in the
profiles of the selected density. Such measured points form cloud points. [3]
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