GEOTOUR & IRSE 2012.pdf - Fakulta BERG - TUKE

GEOTOUR & IRSE 2012
CREATING SPATIAL MODELS OF HISTORICAL MONUMENTS FOR 3D GIS IN
GEOTOURISM
Ţofia Kuzevičová 1 , Marcela Gergeľová 1 , Štefan Kuzevič 2
1
Institute of Geodesy and Geographical Information Systems, BERG Faculty,
Technical University of Košice
e-mail: zofia.kuzevicova@tuke.sk, marcela.gergelova@tuke.sk
2 Institute of Business and Management, F BERG, Technical University of Košice
e-mail: stefan.kuzevic@tuke.sk
ABSTRACT
The article will be devoted to creating spatial models of historical monuments important from
geotourism point of view using the latest methods and techniques for collecting spatial data and its
processing and use in GIS. Most geographical information systems (GIS) currently used in practice are
based on the use of 2D possibly 2.5 D spatial data. With the rapid development of computer
technology and the increasing need for analysis and modeling of real 3D environments, a new
generation of GIS known as 3D GIS. 3D GIS is capable of 2D like storing, handling, storing,
analyzing and generating output data stored in the database, but in the case of 3D GIS data that
describe and display 3D objects and phenomena. To obtain the spatial coordinates to create a 3D
model is the most appropriate to use surveying methods (eg spatial polar method), digital
photogrammetry and laser scanning.
INTRODUCTION
Currently importance and use spatial modelling objects increase. This has helped the
development of computer technology, software and equipment, in particular the creation of
new data models enabling full 3D approach. The transition from two-dimensional to threedimensional
space in computer CAD and GIS systems was a matter of time and it is now
possible to create three-dimensional map outputs based on information from two-dimensional
nature, all within a single computer system. Currently runs digitization project of cultural
heritage, which includes creating spatial models of objects and buildings.
CREATION OF SPATIAL MODELS
Under the model it is necessary to understand a simplified view of the fact of reality. Display
reality is called object modelling (original). Model is displayed only some selected features
artwork that we are interested in examining, from the other abandoned. The aim of modelling
in general may be some effort to understanding the behaviour of the real nature of the model,
but there may be also the creation of logical structures completely abstract nature. The
principle of modelling is trying to understanding the properties of the studied reality and a
logical structure. [1]
Spatial model object can be displayed in three different details:
Block model, which shows the basic view of the area, for example. Although the
buildings are the correct height, but not modelled roof
Urban model as a block model of the basic shapes of roofs
Detailed model includes all essential details with photo textures.
REPRESENTATION OF 3D OBJECTS
Three-dimensional object for processing in the computer environment must be clearly
described. Representation can be expressed as:
Analytical representation - a mathematical expression of the subject. It can be
functional regulation, parametric or implicit expression.
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