New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | FS 2014

Documentation of the teaching results from the spring semester 2014
New Methods in Urban
Analysis and Simulation
Reinhard König, Estefania Tapias, and Gerhard Schmitt
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

Chair of Information Architecture
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation
Documentation of teaching results
Reinhard König, Estefania Tapias, and Gerhard Schmitt
iA
Chair of Information Architecture
Teaching
Reinhard König, Estefania Tapias, and Gerhard Schmitt
Syllabi
http://www.ia.arch.ethz.ch/category/teaching/archive/fs2014-new-methods-in-urban-analysis-and-simulation/
Seminar
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation
Students
Guillaume Stark, Jain Neel, Jing Xi, Lewis Williams, Li Li, Rini Singhvi, Stanislas Chaillou
Published by
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETHZ)
Department of Architecture
Chair of Information Architecture
Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, HIT H 31.6
8093 Zurich
Switzerland
Zurich, December 2014
Layout
Gava Alessandra
Contact
reinhard.koenig@arch.ethz.ch | http://www.ia.arch.ethz.ch/koenig/
Cover picture:
Front and back side: Guillaume Stark, Isovist and shadow analysis for Max Bill Platz, Zurich

Course Description and Program
Information Architecture
Mondays 14:00 – 18:00
063-1357-13 G | 4 ECTS*
New Methods in
Urban Analysis and Simulation
A solid knowledge of computational methods is an increasingly
important key competence for future architects or urban planners.
In this course you will learn how to analyze and generate spatial
configurations with advanced computational methods.
In a series of theory lectures we explore how designing and planning
of cities could become evidence based by using scientific methods.
Various exercises will provide training for your skills in working with
state-of-the-art yet office proven design tools (Depthmap, Ecotect,
and Rhino/Grasshopper). In an integral project work, you will deepen
your knowledge in spatial analysis and simulation methods such as
Space Syntax using Depthmap software and environmental analysis
with the program Ecotect. In addition you will acquire skills for using
analysis methods for generative design processes. Therefore we
introduce you into the parametric design software Grasshopper for
Rhino 3D.
Based on the methods introduced during the semester, you will learn
and understand different effects of planning and design interventions
on urban life. At the end of the course you will be able to interpret
analysis and simulation results, and to apply correspondent
computational methods for your own planning projects.
Where:
Lecture, HIT F22 - Value Lab
Exercise, HIT H12
When:
Mondays 14:00 to 18:00
17.02.2014
24.02.2014
03.03.2014
10.03.2014
17.03.2014
24.03.2014
31.03.2014
07.04.2014
14.04.2014
05.05.2014
12.05.2014
16.05.2014
Introduction to the course
E1 - Rhino/Grasshopper tutorial
Generative systems workshop
E2 - Generative techniques
Space syntax I
E3 - Convex Map, Axial Map of a small area
Space syntax II
E4 - Depthmap & GIS: Prepare Data -> Import Data –> Analysis
methods
Seminar week (no lecture)
Space syntax III
E5 - Rhino/Grasshopper
Empirical studies
E6 - Collect data (evaluate existing materials)
Microclimate analysis I
E7 - Ecotect Tutorial I. Analysis of a small urban area.
Microclimate analysis II
E8 - Rhino/Grasshopper
Best practice examples - Guest lecture
Final consultation
Final iA critique
Combined critique with the other iA courses
Supervision:
Dr. Reinhard König
Estefania Tapias
Matthias Standfest
reinhard.koenig@arch.ethz.ch
tapias@arch.ethz.ch
standfest@arch.ethz.ch
* Total 120 h = 4 ECTS
Exercises 25% (documentations)
Presentation 25% (project at the end)
Written documentation 50% (project)
The most recent outline will be found on www.ia.arch.ethz.ch
Prof. Dr. Gerhard Schmitt

Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

Content
Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz (Zürich-Oerlikon)
Student: Guillaume Stark
Pedestrian Network: Old City of Ahmedabad
Student: Jain Neel
Kasernenareal: Park oder City
Student: Jing Xi
Knoxville, Tennessee
Student: Lewis Williams
Design with the Invisible
Student: Li Li
Extension of Gandhi Ashram
Student: Rini Singhvi
A Refuge on Stromboli Island
Student: Stanislas Chaillou
p.9
p.15
p.23
p.35
p.43
p.49
p.55

Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz (Zürich-Oerlikon)
Student: Guillaume Stark

Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz [Oerlikon ZH]
Final Examination
Stark Guillaume
Summary.
Summary. Max-Bill
Max-Bill
Platz in Oerlikon has a
Platz
strange status.
in
It’s a
Oerlikon
triangular square,
has a
Motivation.
strange
As future architects/urban
status.
planners,
It’s
we
a
might
triangular
very well be confronted
square, surrounded
big-scale housing buildings. Although its urban environnment, the Platz
the Platz hasn’t a dynamic. Why and what could be done the aim of galvani-
to suggest an option that would improve Max-Bill Platz dynamic and, if possible,
surrounded by big-scale housing buildings. Although its urban environnment,
to such issues. The idea is to make use of the tools learned in the course in order
zing this space are the question that this analysis tries to answer.
point out the factors that take on the most influence.
hasn’t a dynamic. Why and what could be done in the aim of galvanizing this space are
the question that this analysis tries to answer.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz
Motivation. As future architects/urban planners, we might very well be confronted to
such issues. The idea is to make use of the tools learned in the course in order to suggest
an option that would improve Max-Bill Platz dynamic and, if possible, point out the
factors that take on the most influence.
Shadow analysis
[grasshopper, time 21 September] shows that
the square is provided with enough light during
the day, it also defines the area where an intervention
would make sense, considering that
people would spend more time in the sunlight.
ow analysis [grasshopper, time 21 September] shows that the square
ovided with enough light during the day, it also defines the area where an
ention would make sense, considering that people would spend more time
sunlight.
s in Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz
Integration [depthmap, axial map analysis] as it
is today, the triangular shape which defines Max-
Bill Platz is also defined as a non-integrated area.
ration [depthmap, axial map analysis] as it is today, the triangular shape
defines Max-Bill Platz is also defined as a non-integrated area.The goal is
ctivate the square.
10
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture
s in Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz

Integration considering the road as a non-walkable
space [depthmap, axial map analysis] the
road bordering Max-Bill Platz is an important axis
for the city and therefore subject to high trafic.
As the analysis is based on a pedestrian scale, it
makes sens to consider the road the same way
as a building. We can see that the square is even
less integrated than it was in the previous analysis,
although the crosswalks are considered as
«gates» through the road.
on considering the road as a non-walkable space [depthmap, axial
lysis] the road bordering Max-Bill Platz is an important axis for the city
fore subject to high trafic. As the analysis is based on a pedestrian
makes sens to consider the road the same way as a building. We can
the square is even less integrated than it was in the previous analysis,
the crosswalks are considered as «gates» through the road.
Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz
Choice [depthmap, axial map analysis]
shows that Max-Bill Platz is not offering a large
range of choices, increasing this factor could be
a way to galvanize the square.
n [depthmap, axial map analysis] as it is today, the triangular shape
fines Max-Bill Platz is also defined as a non-integrated area.The goal is
ate the square.
Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz
Connectivity
[depthmap, visibility analysis, 3m grid]
shows that Max-Bill Platz suffers from a lack of
connections, the crossroads nearby seems to
act as a pole of connectivity. Shifting this pole
or dissolving it could be a way to connect the
square to its surroundings.
tivity [depthmap, visibility analysis, 3m grid] shows that Max-Bill Platz
rom a lack of connections, the crossroads nearby seems to act as a pole
ctivity. Shifting this pole or dissolving it could be a way to connect the
o its surroundings.
Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz
Isovist [depthmap, visibility analysis]
what can be seen from the square is mostly the
road, which makes it un-attractive for the pedestrians.
This analysis reveals that the view factors
are also to be taken into account.
pthmap, visibility analysis] what can be seen from the square is
road, which makes it un-attractive for the pedestrians. This analysis
t the view factors are also to be taken into account.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
11
Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz

ization option 4
nte 2
Comparison of the options shows that option 4
has the more potential regarding integration and
choice. The several objects give a dynamic to
the square, where the other options were helpless.
rison of the options shows that option 4 has the more potential regartegration
and choice. The several objects give a dynamic to the square,
he other options were helpless.
Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz
imization option 4
ante 2
Integration [depthmap, axial map analysis] this
variante shows the best potential, the inclined
shape of the five objects provide the square with
a heart, which is an important feature for an urban
square. It also drives the fluxes and dialog
tion [depthmap, axial map analysis] this variante shows the best pothe
inclined shape of the five objects provide the square with a heart,
s an important feature for an urban square. It also drives the fluxes and
with the direct and remoted surroundings.
Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz
nte 2
Choice [depthmap, axial map analysis]
reveals that now Max-Bill Platz offers
more choice, this intervention would create a
more vibrating and dynamic space .
e [depthmap, axial map analysis] reveals that now Max-Bill Platz offers
hoice, this intervention would create a more vibrating and dynamic space .
Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz
Comparison of the options shows that option 4
has the more potential regarding integration and
choice. The several objects give a dynamic to
the square, where the other options were helpless.
[depthmap, visibility analysis, 3m grid] here, the square seems to
own identity by creating views inside the space. This also means that
ents that compose the intervention need a minimum height in order to
he isovist graph.
12
Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

ante 2
ante 2
Shadow analysis
[grasshopper, time 21 September] the new
space created would still benefit from a good
sun exposition, another advantage of this multipleobjects
intervention.
w analysis [grasshopper, time 21 September] the new space created
still benefit from a good sun exposition, another advantage of this multiples
intervention.
Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz
Connectivity
[depthmap, visibility analysis, 3m grid] compared
to the last connectivity graph, the square
is now less connected to the trafic. The crossraod
nearby seems to loose its importance,
which is good, as it could not be used by the
pedestrians.
ectivity [depthmap, visibility analysis, 3m grid] compared to the last
ctivity graph, the square is now less connected to the trafic. The crossraod
y seems to loose its importance, which is good, as it could not be used by
destrians.
Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz
Conclusion. At the beginning of the analysis, the first design idea was very far
from the variante chosen at the end of the process. The analysis reveals what’s
underneath the surface, and actaually open new perspectives for design.
The project proposed here could be more refined, by testing more design options,
but the basis of the concept are now solid, and this step is hard to aquire.
Such analysis could be applied to any project that has an environnment, and it
shall now be part of my design process.
Conclusion. At the beginning of the analysis, the first design idea was very far from the variante chosen
at the end of the process. The analysis reveals what’s underneath the surface, and actaually open new
perspectives for design. The project proposed here could be more refined, by testing more design options,
but the basis of the concept are now solid, and this step is hard to aquire. Such analysis could
be applied to any project that has an environnment, and it shall now be part of my design process.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
13

Pedestrian Network: Old City of Ahmedabad
Student: Jain Neel

Ahmedabad City
Located on the western part of India, Ahmedabad City has its roots more than 600 years old. Formed
and developed by Mughals then, it has been lived in ever after. Hosting more than 6.5 million people it is
the seventh largest city in India. It is also a place holding various architectural works by very well known
Architects, both nationally and internationally.
AHMEDABAD CITY
LOCATED ON THE WESTERN PART OF INDIA, AHMEDABAD CITY HAS ITS ROOTS MORE
THAN 600 YEARS OLD. FORMED AND DEVELOPED BY MUGHALS THEN, ITS BEEN LIVED
IN EVER AFTER. HOSTING MORE THAN 6.5 MILLION PEOPLE ITS THE SEVENTH LARGEST
CITY IN INDIA. ITS ALSO A PLACE HOLDING VARIOUS ARCHITECTURAL WORKS BY VERY
WELL KNOWN ARCHITECTS NATIONALLY AND INTERNATIONALLY.
!
TOP LEFT : LOCATION
TOP CENTER: I.I.M.A. BY LOUIS KAHN
TOP RIGHT : JAMI MASJID
CENTER : SHODHAN HOUSE BY LE CORBUSIER
BOTTOM : AHMEDABAD CITY SKYLINE WITH SABARMATI RIVER
AHMEDABAD CITY
LOCATED ON THE WESTERN PART OF INDIA, AHMEDABAD CITY HAS IT
THAN 600 YEARS OLD. FORMED AND DEVELOPED BY MUGHALS THEN
IN EVER AFTER. HOSTING MORE THAN 6.5 MILLION PEOPLE ITS THE S
CITY IN INDIA. ITS ALSO A PLACE HOLDING VARIOUS ARCHITECTURAL
WELL KNOWN ARCHITECTS NATIONALLY AND INTERNATIONALLY.
AHMEDABAD AHMEDABAD CITY: CITY: STREET STREET NETWORK NETWORK
TOP LEFT TOP LEFT : SATELLITE : SATELLITE IMAGERY, IMAGERY, GOOGLE GOOGLE MAPS MAPS
TOP RIGHT TOP RIGHT : STREET : STREET IMAGERY, IMAGERY, APPLE MAPS APPLE MAPS
BOTTOM BOTTOM LEFT: ABSTRACTION, LEFT: ABSTRACTION, BY AASHNA BY AASHNA AGRAWAL AGRAWAL
! !
STREET STREET NETWORK NETWORK OF AHMEDABAD OF AHMEDABAD AS SEEN AS IN SEEN THIS SEQUENCE IN THIS SEQUENCE OF IMAGES OF IMAGES IS IS
AHMEDABAD
QUITE SIMPLE QUITE SIMPLE CITY:
TO UNDERSTAND TO STREET UNDERSTAND NETWORK
COMPREHEND.
AND COMPREHEND.
TOP IT LEFT IS A SERIES IT IS : SATELLITE A OF SERIES CIRCULAR OF IMAGERY, CIRCULAR ROADS, GOOGLE ROADS, HAVING MAPS HAVING THE OLD THE CITY OLD AT CITY ITS CORE AT ITS CORE
TOP CONNECTED RIGHT CONNECTED : STREET BY SEVERAL IMAGERY, BY SEVERAL RADIAL APPLE ROADS. RADIAL MAPS ROADS.
BOTTOM LEFT: ABSTRACTION, BY AASHNA AGRAWAL
!
STREET NETWORK OF AHMEDABAD AS SEEN IN THIS SEQUENCE OF IMAGES IS
QUITE SIMPLE TO UNDERSTAND AND COMPREHEND.
IT IS A SERIES OF CIRCULAR ROADS, HAVING THE OLD CITY AT ITS CORE
CONNECTED BY SEVERAL RADIAL ROADS.
16
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

AHMEDABAD AHMEDABAD CITY: CITY: STREET STREET NETWORK NETWORK
TOP LEFT TOP LEFT : TRAFFIC, : TRAFFIC, LOW DENSITY LOW DENSITY
TOP RIGHT TOP RIGHT : TRAFFIC, : TRAFFIC, USUAL USUAL
BOTTOM BOTTOM LEFT: TRAFFIC, LEFT: TRAFFIC, HIGH HIGH
! !
TRAFFIC TRAFFIC AS SEEN AS IN SEEN AHMEDABAD, IN AHMEDABAD, IS USUALLY IS USUALLY MUCH MORE MUCH THAN MORE THE THAN THE
STANDARD STANDARD ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE VALUES VALUES SET FOR SET NEW FOR DEVELOPING NEW DEVELOPING CITIES. SERVING CITIES. SERVING
MORE THAN MORE 6.5 THAN MILLION 6.5 MILLION PEOPLE PEOPLE EVERY DAY EVERY THESE DAY ROADS THESE ROADS ARE NOW ARE BEING NOW BEING
USED MUCH USED MORE MUCH THAN MORE THEIR THAN FULL THEIR POTENTIAL FULL POTENTIAL CAPACITY. CAPACITY.
AHMEDABAD CITY MAP
REH HATCH IN CENTER SHOWING EXTENDS OF OLD FORTIFIED CITY
RED LINE SHOWING BOUNDARY OF AHMEDABAD MUNICIPAL CORPORATION (AMC)
AREA UNDER AHMEDABAD URBAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (AUDA) BEING ALMOST 9 TIMES BIGGER
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
17

AHMEDA
SEGMEN
TOP LEFT
TOP RIGHT
BOTTOM LEF
!
REMOVING T
LARGER NET
VEHICULAR T
THIS WOULD
VEHICLES AN
ON THE OTH
NETWORK O
AHMEDABAD CITY
SEGMENT ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION
TOP LEFT : R = 1000M
TOP RIGHT : R = 5000M
BOTTOM LEFT: R = N
AHMEDABAD CITY
SEGMENT ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION
TOP LEFT : R = 1000M
TOP RIGHT : R = 5000M
BOTTOM LEFT: R = N
AHMEDABAD CITY
SEGMENT ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION
TOP LEFT : R = 1000M
TOP RIGHT : R = 5000M
BOTTOM LEFT: R = N
AHMEDABAD CITY, WITHOUT FORTIFIED CITY
AHMEDABAD CITY, WITHOUT FORTIFIED CITY
SEGMENT ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION
SEGMENT TOP ANALYSIS, LEFT : R = 1000M INTEGRATION
TOP LEFT TOP : R RIGHT = 1000M : R = 5000M
TOP RIGHT BOTTOM : R = 5000M LEFT: R = N
BOTTOM LEFT: R = N
!
!
REMOVING THE STREETS OF THE OLD FORTIFIED CITY FROM THE WHOLE
REMOVING THE LARGER STREETS NETWORK OF THE OF OLD STREETS FORTIFIED CONSIDERING CITY FROM THEM UNUSABLE WHOLE BY
LARGER NETWORK VEHICULAR OF STREETS TRAFFIC DURING CONSIDERING 9 AM TO THEM 6 PM. UNUSABLE BY
VEHICULAR THIS TRAFFIC WOULD DURING ALLOW 9 AM THE TO OLD 6 PM. CITY BE LESS NOISY AND LESS CROWDED BY
THIS WOULD VEHICLES ALLOW THE AND OLD MUCH CITY MORE BE LESS ACCESSIBLE NOISY AND LESS ENJOYABLE. CROWDED BY
VEHICLES AND ON MUCH THE OTHER MORE HAND, ACCESSIBLE THERE IS AND A HUGE ENJOYABLE. IMPACT DIE TO IT IN THE LARGE
ON THE OTHER NETWORK HAND, OF THERE STREET IS A CREATED HUGE IMPACT BY IT. DIE TO IT IN THE LARGE
NETWORK OF STREET CREATED BY IT.
AHMEDA
OPTIONS
TOP LEFT
TOP RIGHT
BOTTOM LEF
!
DIFFERENT O
WITHIN THE
NETWORK H
BECAUSE AS
HAVING LAR
VALUES OF T
AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY
AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY
OPTIONS
OPTIONS TOP LEFT : OPTION A
TOP LEFT TOP : OPTION RIGHT A : OPTION B
TOP RIGHT BOTTOM : OPTION LEFT: B OPTION C
BOTTOM LEFT: OPTION C
!
!
DIFFERENT OPTIONS TYRING TO RETAIN AS LESS STREETS AS POSSIBLE
DIFFERENT OPTIONS WITHIN THE TYRING OLD CITY, TO RETAIN SO THAT AS THE LESS TRAFFIC STREETS SIMULATION AS POSSIBLE IN THE ENTIRE
WITHIN THE NETWORK OLD CITY, HAS SO THAT THE MINIMUM THE TRAFFIC IMPACT. SIMULATION IN THE ENTIRE
NETWORK HAS BECAUSE THE MINIMUM AS OF NOW, IMPACT. STREETS BEING USED MUCH MORE THAN CAPACITY,
BECAUSE AS HAVING OF NOW, LARGE STREETS DIFFERENCES BEING USED BETWEEN MUCH THE MORE OLDER THAN AND CAPACITY, THE NEWER
HAVING LARGE VALUES DIFFERENCES OF TRAFFIC BETWEEN WOULD CREATE THE OLDER A HAVOC. AND THE NEWER
VALUES OF TRAFFIC WOULD CREATE A HAVOC.
AHMEDABAD CITY: OPTION A
AHMEDA
SEGMEN
TOP LEFT
TOP RIGHT
BOTTOM LEF
!
CONSIDERIN
NEGLIGIBLE
PRESENT ST
AHMEDABAD CITY: OPTION A
AHMEDABAD CITY: OPTION A
AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY
AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY
SEGMENT ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION, R = 1000M
SEGMENT TOP ANALYSIS, LEFT : OPTION INTEGRATION, A
R = 1000M
TOP LEFT TOP : OPTION RIGHT A : OPTION B
TOP RIGHT BOTTOM : OPTION LEFT: B OPTION C
BOTTOM LEFT: OPTION C
!
!
CONSIDERING THE WALKABLE DISTANCE, ALL THREE OPTIONS SHOWS
CONSIDERING NEGLIGIBLE THE WALKABLE DIFFERENCES, DISTANCE, ALSO ALL IN THREE COMPARISON OPTIONS TO SHOWS THE ORIGINAL
NEGLIGIBLE PRESENT DIFFERENCES, STATE. ALSO IN COMPARISON TO THE ORIGINAL
PRESENT STATE.
AHMEDA
SEGMEN
TOP LEFT
TOP RIGHT
BOTTOM LE
!
CONSIDERIN
OPTION A, T
MOVING TO
EXISTING ON
CENTRE STI
18
AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY
AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY
SEGMENT ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION, R = 5000M
SEGMENT TOP ANALYSIS, LEFT : OPTION INTEGRATION, A
R = 5000M
TOP LEFT : OPTION A
TOP RIGHT
: OPTION B
TOP RIGHT BOTTOM : OPTION LEFT: B OPTION C
New Methods in Urban BOTTOM LEFT: Analysis ! OPTION C and Simulation | Final project documentation
!
CONSIDERING GENERAL HOME TO WORK DISTANCE IN AHMEDABAD AS 500M.
CONSIDERING OPTION GENERAL A, THE HOME TRAFFIC TO WORK IS ALL SPREAD DISTANCE AROUND IN AHMEDABAD THE OLD PART, AS 500M. WHEREAS
OPTION A, THE MOVING TRAFFIC TO OPTION IS ALL SPREAD B, IT STARTS AROUND TO CREATE THE OLD A NEW PART, CENTRE WHEREAS CLOSE TO THE
MOVING TO EXISTING OPTION B, ONE IT STARTS BUT SLIGHTLY TO CREATE ON THE A NEW NORTH. CENTRE OPTION CLOSE C BRINGS TO THE THAT
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

AHMEDA
SEGMEN
TOP LEFT
TOP RIGHT
BOTTOM LE
!
CONSIDERI
NEGLIGIBLE
AHMEDABAD AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED FORTIFIED CITY CITY
SEGMENT SEGMENT ANALYSIS, ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION, INTEGRATION, R = N R = N
TOP LEFT TOP : OPTION LEFT A : OPTION A
TOP RIGHT TOP : OPTION RIGHT B : OPTION B
BOTTOM LEFT: BOTTOM OPTION LEFT: C OPTION C
! !
CONSIDERING CONSIDERING THE ENTIRE THE DISTANCE, ENTIRE DISTANCE, ALL THREE ALL OPTIONS THREE SHOWS OPTIONS SHOWS
NEGLIGIBLE NEGLIGIBLE DIFFERENCES. DIFFERENCES.
AHMEDA
SEGMEN
TOP LEFT
TOP RIGHT
BOTTOM LEF
!
CONSIDERIN
DIFFERENCE
PRESENT ST
AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY
AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY
SEGMENT ANALYSIS, CHOICE, R = 1000M
SEGMENT TOP ANALYSIS, LEFT : PRESENT CHOICE, SITUATION R = 1000M
TOP LEFT TOP : PRESENT RIGHT SITUATION : OPTION A
TOP RIGHT BOTTOM : OPTION LEFT: A OPTION C
BOTTOM LEFT: OPTION C
!
!
CONSIDERING THE WALKABLE DISTANCE, THERE IS NEGLIGIBLE
CONSIDERING DIFFERENCES THE WALKABLE IN BOTH DISTANCE, THE OPTIONS THERE IN IS COMPARISON NEGLIGIBLE TO THE ORIGINAL
DIFFERENCES PRESENT IN BOTH STATE. THE OPTIONS IN COMPARISON TO THE ORIGINAL
PRESENT STATE.
AHMEDA
SEGMEN
TOP LEFT
TOP RIGHT
BOTTOM LEF
!
HERE IN, TH
COMPARISO
NEXT TO THE
AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY
AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY
SEGMENT ANALYSIS, CHOICE, R = 5000M
SEGMENT TOP ANALYSIS, LEFT : PRESENT CHOICE, SITUATION R = 5000M
TOP LEFT TOP : PRESENT RIGHT SITUATION : OPTION A
TOP RIGHT BOTTOM : OPTION LEFT: A OPTION C
BOTTOM LEFT: OPTION C
!
!
HERE IN, THE OPTION C HAS HIGHER VALUES OF CHOICE AT ITS CORE IN
HERE IN, THE COMPARISON OPTION C HAS TO OTHER HIGHER OPTIONS VALUES MAKING OF CHOICE IT A AT CLOSER ITS CORE ASSUMPTION IN
COMPARISON NEXT TO TO OTHER PRESENT OPTIONS SITUATION. MAKING A CLOSER ASSUMPTION
NEXT TO THE PRESENT SITUATION.
AHMEDA
SEGMEN
TOP LEFT
TOP RIGHT
BOTTOM LEF
!
THE OVERAL
DOWN OF PE
AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY
AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY
SEGMENT ANALYSIS, CHOICE, R = N
SEGMENT TOP ANALYSIS, LEFT : PRESENT CHOICE, SITUATION R = N
TOP LEFT TOP : PRESENT RIGHT SITUATION : OPTION A
TOP RIGHT BOTTOM : OPTION LEFT: A OPTION C
BOTTOM LEFT: OPTION C
!
!
THE OVERALL CHOICE SEEMS ALMOST UNAFFECTED, EXCEPT IN A DROP
THE OVERALL DOWN CHOICE OF PEAK SEEMS VALUES ALMOST FOR UNAFFECTED, THE HIGHLIGHTED EXCEPT STREETS. IN A DROP
DOWN OF PEAK VALUES FOR THE HIGHLIGHTED STREETS.
AHMEDA
SEGMEN
TOP LEFT
TOP RIGHT
BOTTOM LEF
!
CONNECTIVI
REMOTE CH
AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY
AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY
SEGMENT ANALYSIS, CONNECTIVITY
SEGMENT TOP ANALYSIS, LEFT : PRESENT CONNECTIVITY
SITUATION
TOP LEFT : PRESENT SITUATION
TOP RIGHT
: OPTION A
TOP RIGHT BOTTOM : OPTION LEFT: A OPTION C
New Methods BOTTOM in LEFT: ! Urban OPTION C Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
!
CONNECTIVITY BEING A LOCAL FUNCTION, IS NOT ALL AFFECTED BY
CONNECTIVITY REMOTE BEING CHANGES. A LOCAL FUNCTION, IS NOT ALL AFFECTED BY
REMOTE CHANGES.
19

AHMEDABAD CITY MAP
REPRESENTING INTERNAL NETWORK (ALL ROADS INCLUDING PEDESTRIAN) WITHIN THE OLD FORTIFIED CITY
20
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

AHMEDABAD CITY
SEGMENT LINE ANALYSIS: CHOICE
OVERLAID ON PROPOSED STREET NETWORK TO KEEP AS PER OPTION C
AHMEDABAD CITY
SEGMENT LINE ANALYSIS: INTEGRATION
OVERLAID ON PROPOSED STREET NETWORK TO KEEP AS PER OPTION C
DELHI GATE
RELIEF ROAD
NEHRU BRIDGE
SARANGPUR GATE GATE
AHMEDABAD CITY
CRITICAL JUNCTIONS
DERIVED BY INTERSECTION OF PROPOSED OPTION C AND HEAVY TRAFFIC SHOWN BY THE VARIOUS ANALYSIS
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
21

AHMEDABAD CITY
NEW VISIONS, SKETCH BY VIJAY MOPARTHI
HAVING NOW FOUND CERTAIN PLACES OF UTMOST NEED FOR REFORMATION, THEY COULD BE
REDESIGNED TO INCORPORATE THE EXPECTED ANALYTICAL AMOUNT OF TRAFFIC.
“All models are false, but some are useful.” - George Box
Precise selection of models based on,!
Abstraction and Awareness
"Learning only makes us aware how less we know about the whole.”
LEARNINGS

Kasernenareal: Park oder City
Student: Jing Xi

Name:
Date:
Sihl river
Sihl river
Jingxi Zhang
16 May 2014
Existing Kasernenareal park.
Kasernenareal
Kasernenareal
Hauptbahnhof
Hauptbahnhof
Top: Existing Kasernenareal park. Bottom: Kasernenareal replaced by
cityscape.
In the city of Zürich, attention
has been enthralled on
Kasernenareal, a multipurpose
square near the
Zürich In the the center. city city of Zürich, Due of Zürich, to the attention high attention has
land has been values been enthralled in enthralled Zürich, on Kasernenareal, the on a
public Kasernenareal, multi-purpose forum has square scrutinized a multipurpose
purpose of this park-slash-
near the Zürich
the
center. Due square to the near high the land values in
Kanton-Police-head-quarter
Zürich center. Due the high
space. Zürich, Multiple the public proposals forum had has scrutinized
made the forum and purpose has rejected scrutinized of to this re-park-slashpurpose
the Kanton-Police-head-quarter purpose this of space. this park-slash- The two space.
land values in Zürich, the
been public
categories Kanton-Police-head-quarter
of proposals are either space. let it remain a park, or to
Multiple Multiple proposals proposals had had been made
build been more made urban and rejected structure to on
purpose this space. The two
it. and The purpose rejected of this to study re-purpose is this
to categories space. try and The answer of two proposals the categories question are to of proposals
which are let of to it remain either two a let proposals park, it or remain to a park,
of either
is build or better; to more build is it urban park more structure city urban The on structure on
park scenario uses the existing
it. The purpose of this of this study study is is to try
layout to try and of the answer park, the assuming question
that and
of which the answer future the
of the design question
two proposals of the of which of
park is the better; will two have is proposals it park very or little city is added better; The is it park
footprint park or city scenario to The the uses site. park In the contrast, scenario existing uses the
the layout existing city of scenario layout the park, of is produced assuming the park, assuming
by a visionary and calls of for
that the future design of the the park will
large park will invasion have on very the little site.
have very little added added footprint to the
footprint to the site. In contrast,
This site.
the city study scenario evaluates is produced the
Kasernenareal by In contrast, a visionary the as and city part calls scenario for of is produced
invasion by then a on visionary it the evaluates site. and calls for
Zürich, large
the large local invasion site on immediate the site.
to This Kasernenareal. study evaluates The the
evaluation Kasernenareal on Kasernenareal
part of
between This study
Zürich, the then two evaluates proposals the
it evaluates will Kasernenareal
on as local pedestrian part site of movements, Zürich, immediate then it evalu-
be the
visibility, to ates Kasernenareal. the environmental local site The immediate to
evaluation on Kasernenareal
between the two proposals will
be on pedestrian movements,
visibility, environmental
impacts and connections of the whole city.
Top: Existing Kasernenareal park. Bottom: Kasernenareal replaced by
cityscape. Kasernenareal replaced by cityscape.
Kasernenareal is not evaluated independently. A few blocks around Kasernenareal is included in the analysis.
These Kasernenareal. are natural barriers The evaluation around the site on Kasernenareal in question. The perimeter between around the two Kasernenareal proposals will is bordered be on pedestrian
by impacts Lagerstrasse,
movements, and connections which
visibility,
runs of environmental the parallel whole to city. the
impacts
Zürich Hauptbahnhof,
and connections
then turns
of the
90
whole
degree
city.
towards South.
Badenerstrasse boarders the South and the Kreis 4 boundary line boarders the East and include the river
Sihl Kasernenareal into the study. is not These evaluated boundaries independently. are not chosen A few blocks so randomly. around Kasernenareal Langstrasse is is an included important in the street analysis. in the
city Kasernenareal
These of Zürich. is not evaluated independently. A few blocks around Kasernenareal is included in the
are natural barriers around the site in question. The perimeter around Kasernenareal is bordered
by analysis. Lagerstrasse, These which are runs natural parallel barriers to the around Zürich the Hauptbahnhof, site in question. then turns The 90 perimeter degree towards around South. Kasernenareal is
Badenerstrasse bordered by boarders Lagerstrasse, the South which and the runs Kreis parallel 4 boundary to the line Zürich boarders Hauptbahnhof, the East and include then turns the river 90 degree towards
into the South. study. These Badenerstrasse boundaries are boarders not chosen the so South randomly. the Langstrasse Kreis 4 boundary is an important line boarders street in the the East and
Sihl
city include of Zürich. the river Sihl into the study. These boundaries are not chosen so randomly. Langstrasse is an
important street in the city of Zürich.
City
Above:
park pl
bounda
Above
park p
bound
24
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

City plans
Above: Park plan, within its local boundary.
The Above: park plan Park used plan, in within this study its local assumes boundary. no fences The or
boundaries
park plan
around
used in
Kasernenareal.
this study assumes no fences or
boundaries around Kasernenareal.
Above: City plan. This city plan is a replica, as proposed
Above: by City the plan. visionary’s This city perspective plan is a replica, model as shown proposed
on
the previous
by the
page.
visionary’s perspective model shown
on page 1.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
25

Zürich Zürich Axial connections
Zürich Axial connections
Kasernenareal is a part of a whole city. The analysis began with a study of the movements of the movement
Kasernenareal is a part of a began with a study of the movements of the
of
Kasernenareal
people throughout
is a part
the
of
whole
a whole
city.
city.
An axial
The analysis
map was
began
conducted,
with a study
comparing
of the
Park
movements
or City design
of the movement
over the
movement site.
of people
It of was people throughout
evident throughout that
the
the
whole
new paths the city. whole An
that
axial
are city. added
map An was
to axial the
conducted,
site map did was not
comparing
change conducted, the
Park
analysis
or comparing City
maps
design
of
over
Zürich Park the or City
design as
site.
over a whole,
It was
the site. and
evident
that
that
It was the changes
the new
evident to
paths
that the paths
that are
the new affect
added
paths the
to
movement
the site did
that are of people
not change
added more
the
to locally.
analysis
site In did the
maps
connectivity
of Zürich
not change the
analysis
maps
as a whole,
maps
below,
and
of Zürich
one
that
can
the
as
see
changes
a
that
whole,
adding
to the
and
the
paths
that
additional
affect the
the changes
footpaths
movement
to
does
of
the
not
people
paths
mean
more
affect
that
locally.
the
the
roads
In the
movement
around
connectivity
were
of people
more
maps
linked
below,
to
one
others.
can
The
see
analysis
that adding
shifted
the
to
additional
a smaller
footpaths
scale from
does
this point.
not mean that the roads around were
more locally. more linked In the to connectivity others. The analysis maps shifted below, to a one smaller can scale see from that this adding point. the additional footpaths does
not mean that the roads around were more linked to others. The analysis shifted to a smaller scale
from this point.
Iso
Iso
The
othe
Th
leas
oth
mas
lea
the
ma
spa
the
mak
spa
is
ma
on
to
is
th
o
dep
to
de
1km
1km
1km
1km
1km
1km
Top: Zürich axial map _ park, connectivity.
Top:
Bottom:
Zürich
Area
axial
connectivity
map _ park,
map,
connectivity.
zoom.
Bottom: Area connectivity map, zoom.
Top: Zürich axial map _ city, connectivity. Bottom:
Top: Zürich axial map
Area
_ city,
connectivity
connectivity.
map,
Bottom:
zoom.
Area connectivity map, zoom.
Top: Zürich axial map _ park, connectivity.
Top: Zürich axial map _ city, connectivity.
26
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

e t movement
e ign over the
h ps of Zürich
y connectivity
around e were
Zürich Axial connections
The visibility map below displays the extent to which any point in the spatial network is visible from
any other point. The red spots show the most visible of the overall site considered, where the dark
blues are the least visible. Four separate points were selected to further understand the changes in
view between
Isovist study
the
Isovist
two
study
master plans. They show that the view site around the city become more scattered
and
The visibility The map visibility below map displays below the displays extent to the which extent any to point which in any the point spatial in the network spatial is network visible from is visible any from any
other
more
point. other The
sharp
red point. spots
due
The show
to
red
the
spots the
edges
most show visible the
of the
most of the
buildings,
visible overall of site the
where
overall considered,
the
site considered,
park
where
has
the dark where
larger
blues the
view
are dark the
ranges.
blues are
This
the
offers least privacy visible. to least Four the visible. separate people Four points using separate were the points selected space, were to instead selected further understand of to further having understand the changes open the in field. changes view The between in greenery view the between two in the two city
master master plan plans. also master reduces They plans. show the They that view the show view ranges that site the around view and site the makes around city become the views city more become scattered more more scattered. and more sharp The and more due park to sharp plan due is easier
to navigate through than the city plan. This analysis is only a two dimensional study of the space,
to
the edges of the the edges buildings, of the where buildings, the park where has the larger park view has larger ranges. view This ranges. offers privacy This offers to the privacy people to using the people the using the
space, instead space, of having instead an of open having field. an The open greenery field. The in greenery the city master in the city plan master also reduces plan also the reduces view ranges the view and ranges and
however, makes assuming the views makes more that the views scattered. the towers more The scattered. park are plan quite The is park easier tall plan in to comparison navigate easier to through navigate to than the through the surrounding, city than plan. the This city it analysis plan. would This play analysis a role
in what is only people a two is see dimensional only above a two dimensional study eye level. of the study space, The of park however, the space, plan assuming however, reduces that assuming people’s the towers that depth are the quite towers of tall view. are in quite comparison tall in comparison
to the surrounding, to the surrounding, it would play it would a role in play what a role people in what see people above eye see level. above The eye park level. plan The reduces park plan people’s reduces people’s
depth of view. depth of view.
1km
1km
Bottom: nnectivity. Bottom:
, ctivity zoom. map, zoom.
Top: Local visibility Top: Local map visibility of park. map of park.
Bottom: Selected Bottom: points Selected of interest. points of interest.
Top: Local visibility map of park.
Top: Local visibility Top: Local map visibility of city. map of city.
Bottom: Selected Bottom: points Selected of interest. points of interest.
Top: Local visibility map of city.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
27

Solar studies
Park solar studies. Viewing from North.
Park solar studies. Viewing from South.
4pm
9am 12pm
12pm 4pm
8am
28
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

City solar studies. Viewing from North.
City solar studies. Viewing from South.
Winter Solstice
Summer Solstice
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
29

Summer
During the summer solstice, there are long days. The sun is already very high at 8am, and the site
receive a lot of radiation, especially on the East and North-East facing façades. The park master plan
is very exposed due to the lack of shading, which could make it less inhabitable during the summer
months. However, Swiss people likes sun and the park is supposed to be open. With these assumption,
this space does not need further shading, unless for special events.
The city plan shows some shading from the buildings itself. The sky-facing surfaces of the buildings,
as well as the ground that is exposed in both park and city plans have high exposure to the sun. In
the city plan, the ground level is more shaded than the park plan, which is good for occupancy for the
hotter months.
Design considerations for summer
If the park plan is to go ahead, the designers need to think about shading (and sometimes also for
rain) for the summer time to make it more inhabitable. In the park plan, at 4pm, the West facing façades
receive high radiation, thus, shading is required in the summer.
Winter
The sun rises very late during winter. At 9am, the tall buildings in the city plan casts a lot of shadow
in the surrounding, which is not desirable, given that solar radiation helps to heat buildings passively.
Also, the shadows of the building masses also cast on themselves. The building will be requiring a
lot of active heating during winter due to the lack of sun. However, The roofs receive the most solar
radiation during the winter months under the city plans, one can harvest some solar energy from the
roofs.
The park plan is open, with a few structures that fits into the surrounding suburb. Studying the shadows,
one can see that the park plan has quite low impact on the surrounding compared to the taller
buildings in the city plan.
30
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

Axial Map
The Integration graphs below shows the least isolated paths that pedestrians tend to take. In the park
Integration Axial map graph, one can see that the paths indicated A on the map is the least isolated and serves
an important pathway for pedestrian travel. Similarly, this path is not isolated either in the city integration
map. We can also see that there is a lot of movement on the roads around Kasernenareal. The
The Integration graphs below shows the least isolated paths that pedestrians tend to take. In the park
Integration graph, one can see that the paths indicated A on the map is the least isolated and serves an
difference important between pathway the for park pedestrian and city travel. integration Similarly, maps this path are is that not in isolated the park either axial in the map, city the integration main traffic map.
is directed We can also through see that a few there very is a clearly lot of movement identified on lines. the However, roads around in the Kasernenareal. vAxial map The of the difference city, the between red
lines the start park to and disperse city integration and go away maps are from that each in other, park which axial map, indicates the main more traffic weaving is directed between through structures
very instead clearly of identified being streamlined lines. However, to walk in the on vAxial the map pavements. of the city, The the city red lines map start shows to disperse better use and of go the away
a few
from each other, which indicates more weaving between structures instead of being streamlined to walk on
space and more pedestrian traffic control.
the pavements. The city map shows better use of the space and more pedestrian traffic control.
Top: Local Axial/Segment map _ park,
Top: Local Axial/Segment map _ park, Integration. Integration.
Top: Local Axial/Segment map _ city, Integration.
Top: Local Axial/Segment map _ city, Integration.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
31

In the attempt to answer the question of whether Kasernenareal should be a park or city, the construct of city
connections, In the attempt views, to answer solar impact the question and pedestrian of whether movements Kasernenareal were studied. should be The a park plan or city, is not the very construct
of to city the connections, current situation, views, but solar the city impact plan and proposes pedestrian a different movements configuration were to studied. the space, which has
much
different
yield The park different plan results is not in very the much constructs different that to are the identified. current situation, but the city plan proposes a different
configuration to the space, which has yield different results in the constructs that are identified.
From the evidence, one can conclude that the city master play for the site does not impact much on the traffic
From the evidence, one can conclude that the city master play for the site does not impact much on
flows on the rest of Zürich, since it is a relatively small intervention within Zürich. The impact on Zürich is much
the traffic flows on the rest of Zürich, since it is a relatively small intervention within Zürich. The impact
more local. Within the pre-defined scope of the project, we were able to understand that how pedestrians
view on Zürich the space is much and more feel in local. the space will change significantly from the park to the city. The park proposal is
much Within less the invasive pre-defined on the scope surrounding of the project, suburb. we It shows were able more to open understand views around that how the pedestrians site, which makes view it
much the space easier and to navigate feel in the than space the city will master change plan, significantly which is from more the closed park and to obstructive. the city. The Since park the proposal buildings
are is much is so high less invasive the city on master the surrounding plan proposal, suburb. it not only It shows blocks more people’s open views up around to the sky, the but site, also which casts a
significant makes it much amount easier of shadows to navigate to the than surrounding. the city master This could plan, be which problematic is more during closed the and winter obstructive. months when
sun Since is scarce the buildings in Switzerland, are is so and high it could in the increase city master heating plan costs. proposal, The size it not of only the buildings blocks people’s is also a views problem up
in to summer, the sky, since but also the casts city master a significant plan proposes amount to of build shadows much more to the surfaces surrounding. to cool during This could the hotter be problematic
during The the city winter plan navigation months when also sun changes is scarce the way in Switzerland, that people move and it in could the space. increase The heating city plan costs. shows
summer
months.
that
The
pedestrians
size of the buildings
deviate from
is also
their
a problem
usual paths
in summer,
on the pavements
since the
next
city master
to the streets,
plan proposes
and increases
to build
traffic
flows between the proposed buildings.
much more surfaces to cool during the hotter summer months. The city plan navigation also changes
the way that people move in the space. The city plan shows that pedestrians deviate from their usual
The city plan is the less optimal option compared to the park. However, there could be a mixture of park and
city paths and on to the reprogram pavements this space next to for the not streets, only a park, and increases or not only traffic a city, flows but mixed-use. between I the would proposed also suggest build-tings.
planners to really think about the following points when designing:
future
• Keeping a sustainable footprint of the buildings
• Making the site easy to walk and navigate around
• Keeping the buildings at the level of the surrounding buildings as not to disturb the heating and cooling of
the surrounding buildings
• Think about capturing the solar resource on the open grounds
• The program should be social and encourage circulation to the site
“Park 32 and City” New answers Methods the question in Urban “Park Analysis oder and City” Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

The city plan is the less optimal option compared to the park. However, there could be a mixture
of park and city and to reprogram this space for not only a park, or not only a city, but mixed-use. I
would also suggest to future planners to really think about the following points when designing:
• Keeping a sustainable footprint of the buildings
• Making the site easy to walk and navigate around
• Keeping the buildings at the level of the surrounding buildings as not to disturb the heating and
cooling of the surrounding buildings
• Think about capturing the solar resource on the open grounds
• The program should be social and encourage circulation to the site
“Park and City” answers the question “Park oder City”
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
33

Knoxville Tennessee
Student: Lewis Williams

Knoxville Tennessee
New Methods In Urban Analysis and Simulation FS 2014
36
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

Market Square
Market Square
Centre point of the downtown
area
Centre point of the downtown
area
Lies on main city axis
Lies on main city axis
Pedestrian only
Mixed-use
Pedestrian
space
only
consisting of
restaurants and retail on ground
level Mixed-use and apartments space consisting and offices
on restaurants upper floors and retail on ground
Primary level and location apartments of city and events offices
and on festivals upper floors
Emphasis on local shops and
restaurants. Primary location No franchise of city events stores
creates and festivals a more unique location
Emphasis on local shops and
restaurants. No franchise stores
creates a more unique location
Farmers Markets
oncerts
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
37

Market Street
Centre point of the downtown
area
Lies on main city axis
Vehicle and Pedestrian
Market Square
No shops on ground level and
buildings only on one side of
Centre street point of the downtown
area
Lies Rarely on utilized main city / minimal axis traffic
Pedestrian only
Mixed-use
Landscape
space
of existing
consisting
park is not
of
restaurants and retail on ground
accessible. People walk through
level and apartments and offices
park to get from one place to another
but
on upper floors
Primary location
almost never
of city
remain.
events
and festivals
Emphasis on local shops and
restaurants. No franchise stores
creates a more unique location
Krutch Park
Market Street
38
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

Visibility Analysis of Downtown Knoxville
Axial Analysis of Downtown Knoxville
Visibility Analysis of Market Area
Axial Analysis of Market Area
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
39

Visibility Analysis of Market Area
Visibility Analysis of Proposal
Axial Analysis of Market Area
Axial Analysis of Proposal
40
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

Analysis of Potential Market Scenarios
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
41

Design with the invisible
Student: Li Li

sight an
Motivation
Design with the invisible
3D sight Analysis toolkit for grasshopper
name: li li
Date: 15/05/2014
Sight analysis is very popular in the early stage of the architecture design. It can be used to determine
what can be seen from Motivation:
a particular location in the landscape. Conversely, also what can’t be seen.
Usually, such kind of analysis
sight analysis
will be
is very
done
popular
on the
in the
building
early stage
section or plan. Most of the time, the analysis
on 2D drawing is enough
of the architecture
for architects
design.
to get
it can
certain
be used
understanding
to
of the environment.
However, in some extreme condition, such as crowded urban environment, a precise 3D sight analysis
is needed to help the architects to deal with the extreme
determine what can be seen from a particular
requirements.
location in the landscape. Conversely, also
what can’t be seen. Usually, such kind of
analysis will be done on the building section
or plan. Most of the time, the analysis on
2D drawing is enough for architects to get
certain understanding of the environment.
however, in some extreme condition, such
as crowded urban environment, a precise 3D
sight analysis is needed to help the architects
to deal with the extreme requirements.
sight analysis on site plan
Background
background:
in this case, a new commercial sight building analysis will on section
be built in front of a famous ancient Chinese
garden. the developers want the maxim
building volume to meet the costs in buying
this piece of land. while the government
want the height of the new building as low as
possible, without disturbing the sight inside
the garden. Five critical viewpoints are given,
where the new building should be invisible. to
research a balance between the two sides,
the limit of the volume should be calculated.
sight analysis on section
In this case, a new commercial building will be built in front of a
famous ancient Chinese garden. The developers want the maxim
building volume to meet the costs in buying this piece of land.
While the government want the height of the new building as low
as possible, without disturbing the sight inside
the garden. Five critical viewpoints are given, where the new building
should be invisible. To research a balance between the two
sight analysis on site plan
sides, the limit of the volume should be calculated.
site plan
bird's-e
new Methods in Urban Analysis and simulation | 3D sight Analysis toolkit for grasshopper
bird's-eye view
bird's-eye view
44
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

Algorithm
the invisible
The Shadow Volume algorithm was originally developed to calculate the shadows in 3d virtual environment.
The objects inside the shadow volume are invisible from the point of the light source. It
is not difficult to adapt this algorithm to the sight analysis. The algorithm first find the outline of the
objects according to the light source, then project the outline on to a plan behind the object. With the
outline and projected line, a volume can be formed.
olkit for grasshopper
ginally
in 3d
e the
int of
t this
rithm
rding
ine on
utline
ed.
the invisible
olkit for grasshopper
shadow volume
Algorithm
hm, a
oped.
inally erate
in ilding 3d
e multi the
int reate of
es t this of
rithm area
. rding the
ne user on
gging utline
ed.
Implementation
Based on the Shadow Volume algorithm, a component for Grasshopper is developed. With this component
User can easily generate the shadow volume right behind the building or in distance, volume
of one point, multi points or multi points along a path, and create the intersection of the shadow volumes
solution in
of
grasshopper
different viewpoints which means the area
intersections
where
of invisible
is
volumes
invisible to all viewpoints. The calculation
is done in runtime. So the user can easily compare the results by dragging and placing the objects
and
shadow
viewpoints.
volume
Algorithm
tion | 3D sight Analysis toolkit for grasshopper
m, a
ped.
erate
ilding
multi
reate
es of
area
the
user
gging
solution in grasshopper
intersections of invisible volumes
tion | 3D sight Analysis toolkit for grasshopper
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
45

he invisible
for grasshopper
Application:
the invisible area of all the five viewpoints, the
maxim volume of the new building, can be
created.
With this tool, The invisible 3d volume of each viewpoint can be generated automatically. By calculating
the intersection of these volume, the invisible area of all the five viewpoints, the maxim volume of
the new building, can be created.
invisible volume of five viewpionts
boo
new Methods in Urban Analysis and simulation | 3D sight Analysis toolkit for grasshopper
five viewpionts
boolean intersection of viewpionts
3D sight Analysis toolkit for grasshopper
boolean intersection of viewpionts
46
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

Conclusion
According to the storeyheight, the estimation of building area, floor area ratio and the arrangement
of building functions can be calculated. Developers can estimate their profits based on these data.
Comparing with 2D sight analysis, the 3D approach, can provide more precise and intuitive results.
By Integrating this algorithm into Rhino and Grasshopper, which are getting more and more popular
among designers, the tool can be easily accessed without additional learning curve and the results
are provide in real time when condition is changed.
Future Work
For now, this tool can generate the invisible area, but it is also possible to assign different levels for
different invisible areas. So designer can have more choices in decision making.
The intersection of the invisible volumes needs heavy computational power that
slows down the calculation speed. So more efficient algorithm should be developed.
invisible
rasshopper
Model based on the volume
alysis toolkit for grasshopper
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
47

Extension of Ghandi Ashram
Student: Rini Singhvi

Extension of Gandhi Ashram
Interior view of museum
Aim / Project Brief:
Interior view of museum
Sabarmati
The Gandhi Ashram is a museum in the
RIver
city of Ahm
designed by the architect Charles Correa. The existing
shaped columns which forms different exhibit spaces a
Hence the aim of the project is to use the same grid an
campus to make a space for additional room for books
Ground Floor plan
As the brief demanded, the simple rule for building a ne
existing 3 blocks and adding 6 new blocks to the grid.
But this kind of extension was to be made such that the
spaces remains similar to the existing campus.
m
n
Hence here the analysis run ( isovist and axial maps) b
working out various options for this kind of extension an
Aim Aim / Project / Project Brief: Brief:
New methods in Urban Simulation I FS-2014 I Final
Sabarmati one to the existing.
The The Gandhi Gandhi Ashram Ashram is a
RIver Project
is museum a museum in the in the city city of of Ahmedabad, India India
designed designed by the by the architect architect Charles Charles Correa. Correa. The The existing existing plan plan is a is grid a grid of H- of H-
Rini Singhvi
Due to the existing physical conditions on site, like exis
shaped shaped columns columns which which forms forms different different exhibit exhibit spaces spaces and and courts. courts.
boundary, the possible available space for extension w
Hence Hence the the aim aim of the of the project project is to is use to use the the same same grid grid and and extend extend the the existing existing
upper right corner in the plan and hence two options as
campus campus to make to make a space a space for for additional room room for for bookshop and and cd-shop. cd-shop.
derived for further analysis
Ground Floor plan
Existing plan Layout
As the As the brief brief demanded, the the simple simple rule rule for building for building a new a new space space is using is using
Aim - Project existing existing Brief 3 blocks 3 blocks and and adding adding 6 new 6 new blocks blocks to the to the grid. grid.
But But this this kind kind of of extension was was to be to made be made such such that that the the over-all over-all integration of of
The Gandhi Ashram spaces spaces is a remains museum remains similar similar the to city the to of the existing Ahmedabad, existing campus. campus. India designed by the architect Charles
Correa. The existing plan is a grid of Hshaped columns which forms different exhibit spaces and
courts. Hence the Hence aim Hence here of the here the project the analysis analysis to run use run ( the isovist ( same isovist and grid and axial and axial maps) extend maps) become the become existing very very campus useful useful in to in make
a space for additional working working room out out various for bookshop various options options and for cd-shop. this for this kind kind As of the of extension brief demanded, selecting selecting the simple the the closest rule closest for
building Sabarmati a new space one one to is the to using the existing.
existing. 3 blocks and adding 6 new blocks to the grid.
But RIver this RIver kind of extension was to be made such that the over-all integration of spaces remains similar
to the existing campus. Due Due to the to Hence the existing existing here physical the physical analysis conditions run ( isovist site, on and site, like axial like maps) existence become of river of river very and and useful site site in
working out various boundary, options the for the possible this possible kind available of available extension space space and for selecting for extension the was closest was derived derived one to be the to in be existing. the in the
Due to the existing upper upper physical right right corner conditions corner in the in on the plan site, plan and like and hence existence hence two of two options river options and as shown site as shown boundary, below below were the were possible
available space derived for derived extension for further for was further derived analysis analysis to be in the upper right corner in the plan and hence two
options as Existing shown below plan were Layout derived for further analysis Option 1
ayout
Option Option 1 1 Option Option 2 2
50
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

For oc
option
to the
Existing Option 1 Option 2
Iso
Resu
Compactness map
Area map
As sh
left,
The 3
as Co
Occlu
the re
regard
For co
option
most
simila
While
the ex
For Ar
again
centra
maxim
retain
Occlusivity map
Hence
kinds
taken
and m
neces
Isovist analysis
Result of isovist Analysis:
As shown in the graphs on the left, The 3 graphs run respectively as Compactness , Area and Occlusivity
helped to compare the results of both the options in regard to the existing plan. For compactness,
the second option has two spaces that are most compact which is not similar to the existing
plan map. While option 1 is more similar to the existing one. For Area map, option 1 was again a better
choice as the central space having the maximum area value as still retained as the original map.
For occlusivity map, again the
option 1 shows similar character to the exisitng map. Hence after comparing all three kinds of map,
Option 1 was taken further for axial analysis and making further changes if necessary.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
51

Axial Graph analysis
Axial Axial Graph Graph analysis analysis
Exisitng Plan:
Exisitng Plan:
Exisitng
The above
Plan:
integration map shows that
The the The central above above integration area integration with the map map pool shows shows court that and that the
central the the entrance central area with area the with are pool the court most pool and court integrated the and entrance
spaces. the entrance area This are quality area the most are needed the integrated most to be integrated spaces.
This retained. spaces. quality This needed quality to be needed retained. to be
retained.
Extension Plan (option 1):
Extension Extension Plan Plan (Option (option 1): 1):
On running integration analysis map on
On
On
running
running
integration
integration
analysis
analysis
map
map
on
on
the
the option 1 shortlisted earlier, we get to
know
option
the option that
1 shortlisted
the 1 shortlisted central
earlier,
pool
we
earlier, and
get
entrance
to know
we get to
that the central pool and entrance continue
continue know that to be the the central most pool integrated and entrance
spaces
to be the
continue as
most
to in be the
integrated
the existing most plan.
spaces as in the
integrated
existing plan.
spaces as in the existing plan.
Further An
Further A
Note, in the
the Note, integrat
th
created,(on the integr
that created,(o the inte
similar that the to int th
central similar spac to t
central spa
Hence we fu
configuratio Hence we
integration configurati o
integration
Looking at o
the Looking integrati
extended the integra as
we extended see newa
lower see right ner
of lower this spac right
of this spa
Hence, furth
were Hence, made fur
the were opening made
extended the openin sp
extended s
Option 2:
Option 2
Option 3: Option 3
Option 2 Option 3
Further Analyzing option 1 and option 2
Here in Opt
we Here were in de Op
First, we were the ce d
are First, most the int c
Secondly, are most th in
extension Secondly, o
similar extension inter
of similar the room inte
space. of the room
space.
Note, in the option 1, the integration in the new room thus created,(on the top right corner),
we realize that the integration in this room is not similar to that of others attached to the
central space.
Hence we further make changes in the configuration of the blocks to match the integration
of this room with those of others. Looking at option 2, we manage to achieve the integration
of the internal room thus extended as desired, but again notice that we see new additional
orange lines in the lower right room indicating more integration of this space which is what
we don’t desire.
52
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

Hence, further on, to correct this, Changes were made in the option 2, as in changing the opening
and entrance of the new extended space, to get option 3. Here in Option 3, we have achieved what
we were desiring: First, the central pool and entrance lobby are most integrated as in the existing lan,
Secondly, the new room thus created due to extension of the exisiting museum, has similar internal
integration values as the rest of the rooms attached by the main central space.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
53

A Refuge on Stromboli Island
Student: Stanislas Chaillou

“A refuge on Stromboli Island”
Final Examination
Name: Stanislas Chaillou
Date: 15.05.2014
This study is related to my studio project. I had to design an hotel on the Stromboli Island. As an answer, I
realised a refuge at the top of the volcano. Because of the height (500 m) the building suffers of a to high
sunlight exposure. Furthermore, as this rough context implies difficult building conditions, the building has to be
rational, compact, but still has to allow for dissociated atmospheres (public spaces, rooms, restaurant etc...).
In a nutshell, this project raises two challenges:
Finding a convenient threshold between private and public spaces
This study is related to my studio project. I had to design a hotel on the Stromboli Island. As an answer,
I realised a refuge Being able at the to top precisely of the set volcano. solutions Because to deal of with the the height sunlight (500 exposure m) the building suers of
a to high sunlight exposure. Furthermore, as this rough context implies dicult building conditions, the
building has to be rational, compact, but still has to allow for dissociated atmospheres (public spaces,
rooms, restaurant etc...).
In a nutshell, this project raises two challenges:
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | A refuge on Stromboli Island 1/6
Finding a convenient threshold between private and public spaces
Being able to precisely set solutions to deal with the sunlight exposure
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | A refuge on Stromboli Island
56
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

o be
o be
1/ 1/ Dening Defining the the threshold Public/Private
To set an efficient boundary between the rooms and the central patio, I used Depthmap. By
To
1/
set
Defining
an ecient
the
boundary
threshold
between
Public/Private
the rooms and the central patio, I used Depthmap. By analysing
analysing the section of the building with the “vision layer”, I was able to analyse the degree of
the section To set an efficient boundary between the rooms and the central patio, I used Depthmap. By
intimimacy
of the
generated
building
by
with
my design
the “vision
steps.
layer”,
Here are
I was
the 4
able
steps.
to analyse the degree of intimimacy generated
analysing by my the design section steps. of the Here building are the with 4 the steps. “vision layer”, I was able to analyse the degree of
intimimacy generated by my design steps. Here are the 4 steps.
ROOM
ROOM
CENTRAL PATIO
CENTRAL PATIO
ROOM
ROOM
In the last step, the red area is nearly out of the room, meaning that the rooms are protected from the publics
In the last
sight.
step,
The
the
room
red
picture
area is
below
nearly
confirms
out of the
the
room,
analysis.
meaning that the rooms are protected from the publics
sight. In the The last room step, picture the red below area is conrms nearly out the of analysis. the room, meaning that the rooms are protected from the publics
sight. The room picture below confirms the analysis.
2/6
2/6
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
57

2/ Light exposure
A/ The patio condition is a crucial point of the porject: each room has a window
on it, and the circulation runs around it. By dening a clear
2/ Light The limit exposure patio to the is a roof crucial we point can provide of the porject: for: each room has a window
A/ The on patio it, and condition the circulation runs around it. By defining a clear limit to
the - a roof shaded we can circulation provide for:
-- a protected shaded circulation rooms windows
The patio is a crucial point of the porject: each room has a window
-- protected dierent kinds rooms of windows light conditions in the patio
on it, and the circulation runs around it. By defining a clear limit to
- different kinds of light conditions in the patio
the roof we can provide for:
- a shaded circulation
- protected rooms windows
- different kinds of light conditions in the patio
Daily shadow study
on a
21st of June
Daily shadow study
on a
21st of June
Daily shadow study
on a
21st of December
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | A refuge on Stromboli Island
58
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Daily shadow study
on a
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

After modication of the roof limit,
we obtain
dierent conditions After modification of light around of the roof the limit, pool, and a
sucients shading to protect we the obtain rooms and the circulation.
different The picture conditions below of light conrms around our the analysis. pool, and a
sufficients shading to protect the rooms and the circulation.
The picture below confirms our analysis.
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation 3/6 59

Moreover, the facade is the rst surface to be heated all year long by the sun. It’s here a necessity to
Moreover, the
design
facade is the first
a proper
surface to be heated
system
all year long
to
by
allow
the sun.
for
It’s here
shading.
a necessity to design a proper
system to allow for shading.
Based on the data on the sunpath given by the Geco component, I designed a system of automatic
Based on the data on the sunpath given by the Geco component, I designed a system of automatic sunblinds. They
sunblinds. They insure a
insure
sucient
a sufficient
protection, and adapt
and
their opening
adapt
to everydays
their
light.
opening to everydays light.
2/ Light exposure
A/ The facade condition
8H00
18H00
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | A refuge on Stromboli Island
4/6
The picture below conrms our analysis: the wall of the room gets shaded, and the sunblinds prevent
The picture below confirms our analysis: the wall of the room gets shaded, and the sunblinds prevent the light from going too deep
the light from going into too the room. deep into the room.
Light condition in a room a 21st of
December at 17H00
Detail of the facade
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | A refuge on Stromboli Island
5/6
60
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
Chair of
Information
iA Architecture

CONCLUSION
I managed here to solve issues at different scales (views, light, shading etc...) thanks to Geco and Depthmap.
I appreciated how Geco helps setting with precision dimensions, and giving relevance to my planing. On the downside, the analysis could be pushed futher. I would have liked being able to embed the energy concern. The sunblinds
could then open and close not only to provide shading but also to regulate and master the heat that the building receives and stores during the day.
Also depthmap has been a great tool, and the fact of using it to analyse a section has been a revealing experience. On the other hand, the section analysis reduces the number of relevant layers: for instance the layer “integration”
makes less sense than in a plan analysis. Can’t we also push depthmap to the axonometry analysis It could be a way to start dealing with the 3 dimensions at the same time, without running to heavy calculus...
Conclusion
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | A refuge on Stromboli Island
6/6
I managed here to solve issues at dierent scales (views, light, shading etc...) thanks to Geco and
Depthmap. I appreciated how Geco helps setting with precision dimensions, and giving relevance to
my planing. On the downside, the analysis could be pushed futher. I would have liked being able to
embed the energy concern. The sunblinds could then open and close not only to provide shading but
also to regulate and master the heat that the building receives and stores during the day. Also depthmap
has been a great tool, and the fact of using it to analyse a section has been a revealing experience.
On the other hand, the section analysis reduces the number of relevant layers: for instance the
layer “integration” makes less sense than in a plan analysis. Can’t we also push depthmap to the axonometry
analysis It could be a way to start dealing with the 3 dimensions at the same time, without
running to heavy calculus...
New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | Final project documentation
61

Chair of
Information
iA Architecture