Underlying Reasons for the Persistence of Female Genital Mutilation

ABSTRACT
Female genital mutilation is an ancient custom that has preserved and persisted for thousands of
years. In recent decades it is recognized as a violation of human rights of girls and women since
the practice has physical and psychological health consequences. Every year millions of girls are
facing FGM, and in Africa the occurrence is common. Therefore there is a worldwide consensus
where international, national and local organizations and governments take measures to stop
FGM. This essay will examine the persistence of FGM though recognizing the various
perceptions and motives behind the practice. Human rights law provides legal frameworks that
should be adopted and adjusted by the states ratifying them. Some conventions specifically
describe the abandonment of violence of harmful practices towards women and children, and
FGM is considered one of them. These approaches are tackling with a practice that is deeply
rooted in social, cultural and religious traditions and must be understood in its form. A case study
research was conducted by semi-structured interviews where different perceptions and opinions
on FGM were captured. This is later complemented with previous research and various statistics
to strengthen the overall understanding of the issue. It is acknowledgeable to address women’s
position in societies where they generally has little access to power and resources, and where
traditional and cultural practices mark an important social convention. It is not enough by
implementing human rights law to change attitudes and behaviours. The decision of change is
crucial by understanding the importance of the practice hence given the education needed to
empower women’s everyday life.
Key words: FGM, Human Rights, Culture, Tanzania,