Design of Antennas for Handheld DVB-H ... - Lunds tekniska högskola

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Bit number Table 2.2. The TPS block. Purpose/Content S0 Initialization S1 to S16 Synchronization word S17 to S22 Length indicator S23, S24 Frame number S25, S26 Constellation S27 to S29 Hierarchy information S30 to S32 Code rate, HP stream S33 to S35 Code rate, LP stream S36, S37 Guard interval S38, S39 Transmission mode S40 to S47 Cell identifier S48 to S53 DVB-H features Error protection S54 to S67 Every TPS carrier is differential binary phase shift keying (DBPSK) modulated. The first bit of the TPS is initialising the DBPSK. The bits 1 to 16 of the TPS form a synchronization word. Together four OFDM frames forms one OFDM super-frame. Frame numbers 1 and 3 have the same synchronization word, 0011010111101110, and frames 2 and 4 have following synchronization word, 1100101000010001. S17 to S22 is used as a length indicator to signal number of used bits of the TPS. The next section of the TPS numbers the four frames inside the super-frame from one to four, bit S25 and S26 determine the modulation scheme. S27 to S29 indicates if the transmission is hierarchical and if in-depth interleaver is used or not. The code rate for HP stream respectively LP stream is decided from s30 to S35. The guard interval, transmission mode (2k, 4k or 8k), cell identifier are signaled by the following twelve bits. DVB-H services are indicated by S48 and S49, the following three bits are reserved for future use and shall be set to zero. S48 shows if time slicing method is used or not and s49 indicates if at least one elementary uses MPE-FEC. The last 14 bits contents the parity bits for error protection [18, 6]. 16
2.2 Competing standards The DVB-H standard has some competing standards used in different parts of the world, some of them will be briefly explained here. 2.2.1 Satellite-Digital Mobile Broadcast In Korea a digital broadcasting network is already deployed, it is called Satellite- Digital Mobile Broadcast (S-DMB). S-DMB is a hybrid satellite/terrestrial gapfiller system. It relies on very high power geo-stationary satellites and a network of gap-fillers co-sited with Base Transceiver Station (BTS) to provide urban indoor coverage. Signals from the satellite and the gap-fillers are synchronized so the terminal can combine them. Even forward error correction and interleaving is used to make the transmission more reliable. A multi-beam configuration with 6 spots to cover Western Europe and three satellites is preferred. In this solution, by applying a frequency reuse scheme it is possible to achieve a capacity of up to 2 Mbits/s per beam with good outdoor and first wall indoor reception. Even though one spot covering several countries the capacity can be shared by several national mobile operators and it is possible to support different languages/cultural multimedia services on the same carrier. It targets mainly the delivery of multimedia push & store and streaming services to mobile handsets. S-DMB uses the IMT2000-band and is fully compliant to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard for Mobile Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS), including its air interface. That makes it cheap to upgrade the Universal Mobile Telecommunications (UMTS) terminals to support Mobile Satellite Service-band (MSS). S-DMB can be used as a complement to any terrestrial network for example as a multicast network over unicast terrestrial 3G UMTS mobile network [19, 20, 21]. 2.2.2 Mobile Broadcast/Multicast Service MBMS is an IP data cast (IPDC) type of service that can be offered by existing GSM and UMTS cellular networks. The MBMS has been standardized in various groups of 3GPP. The standard will facilitate the integration of broadcast and multicast transmission into mobile networks. This will bring high quality mobile TV while lowering bandwidth at lower cost. The service seems to bee attractive, as quite lot of operators and equipment manufactures have participated in the standardization work. 17
Page 1 and 2: Design of Antennas for Handheld DVB
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements This master thesis
Page 5 and 6: 4 DESIGN AND TESTING OF ANTENNA SOL
Page 7 and 8: Figure 5.2. Reference dipole antenn
Page 9 and 10: 1 Introduction The passed decade th
Page 11 and 12: 2 Background This chapter provides
Page 13 and 14: is simultaneously modulated into 10
Page 15 and 16: 2.1.3 Reed-Solomon Codes 2.1.4 DVB-
Page 17 and 18: 2.1.5 DVB-H DVB-H is the latest dev
Page 19 and 20: 2.1.5.2 Time slicing A large proble
Page 21 and 22: figure 2.5). All three elements tog
Page 23: symbols or four 2K OFDM symbols. Th
Page 27 and 28: 2.3 Antenna theory This section des
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2.9. Impedance bandwidth def
Page 31 and 32: unloaded quality factor (Q0) and th
Page 33 and 34: losses should be avoided in handhel
Page 35 and 36: 3.3 Loop Figure 3.1. Yagi-Uda anten
Page 37 and 38: PIFA Figure 3.2. Four different con
Page 39 and 40: The size of the antenna is another
Page 41 and 42: 4.4 PIFA To verify the balun a resi
Page 43 and 44: 4.5 Folded-Patch With the PIFA-ante
Page 45 and 46: Figure 4.9a. Folded-patch 2, front
Page 47 and 48: Figure 4.11. Loop antenna schematic
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4.15. Wire loop antenna retu
Page 51 and 52: using an H-field antenna together w
Page 53 and 54: antenna. The dimension of the anten
Page 55 and 56: The result of the return loss measu
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4.24. Return loss graph for
Page 59 and 60: The result of the measurement of th
Page 61 and 62: Figure 4.31. Return loss graph for
Page 63 and 64: frequency band, the first from 470
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5.6. Radiation pattern for R
Page 67 and 68: 5.1.3 Measurement result In this ch
Page 69 and 70: Figure 5.10. Radiation pattern for
Page 71 and 72: Figure 5.12. Radiation pattern for
Page 73 and 74: Table 5.4. Switched monopole 1, gai
Page 75 and 76:
Power gain / dB 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10
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Figure 5.22. Radiation pattern for
Page 79 and 80:
was received in all five channels.
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6.3 Control signal 6.4 Cost The swi
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not be possible, there will always
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There are many advantages with tuna
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8 References [1] Schiller, Jochen -
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[29] Gardiol, Fred - Microstrip cir
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Design of Antennas for Handheld DVB-H ... - Lunds tekniska högskola

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