agsq 14, 2014 - 8
agsq 14, 2014 - sPf 9 www.PunjabiDailyOnline.ca Bfrq dysL gulfmI qoN gulfmI qk df sPr zf: aYs: nfjL 416-271-1040) iswK gurduafrf aYkt, 1925 dI gfQf (afKrI iksq) doPfV hoieaf ieh pMQ lgfqfr 1947 qk doPfV hI irhf sI. ies doPfV kr ky iswK kOm, 1947 qoˆ pihlf koeI vI pRBfvÈflI rfjnIiqk pRogrfm dyx dy smrwQ nhIˆ ho skI sI. ies df sfrf Ëor gurduafirafˆ Auwpr kbËf krn `qy hI lwgdf irhf sI. dovyˆ DVy iewk-dUjy dIafˆ lgfqfr lwqfˆ iKwcdy rhy sn. iswtf 1947 ivwc iswKfˆ dy Ëbrdsq AujfVy aqy kqlyafm ivwc inkilaf sI. gurduafirafˆ Auwpr kbËf krn dy bfvjUd iswK lIzriÈp ÈRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI nUM iewk nhIˆ rwK skI sI. awDy qoˆ vwD pMjfb (62 ÌIsdI) pfiksqfn ivwc rih igaf sI. lgpg pOxy do sO ieiqhfsk gurduafry AuwDr rih gey sn. ies qrHfˆ pfiksqfnI pMjfb dy bhuq vwzy ihwsy ivwcoˆ ÈRomxI kmytI Éqm ho geI sI. ies df mqlb hY ik pMjfb iswK gurduafrf aYkt 1947 ivwc pwCmI pMjfb ivwcoˆ Éqm ho igaf sI aqy isrÌ pUrbI pMjfb ivwc hI rih igaf sI. ieh gurduafrf aYkt df 1925 qoˆ lY ky 1947 qk df sÌr sI. ikAuˆik pMjfb iswK gurduafrf aYkt, sUbfeI aYkt sI aqy hY ies leI 1947 qoˆ bfad vI ies nUM kdy vI Bfrq dI pfrlImYˆt ivwc pyÈ nhIˆ kIqf igaf sI. BfrqI pfrlImYˆt qfˆ dUr dI gwl sI ies nUM kdy pUrbI pMjfb dI ivDfn sBf ivwc vI pyÈ nhIˆ kIqf igaf sI. iswK lIzriÈp nUM ieh gwlfˆ 1947 qoˆ pihlfˆ hI socxIafˆ cfhIdIafˆ sn. iswKfˆ dIafˆ Bfrq dI afËfdI leI bhuq vwzIafˆ kurbfnIafˆ sn ies krky iswK lIzriÈp nUM 1947 qoˆ pihlfˆ hI afËfd Bfrq ivwc afpxy gurduafrf aYkt nUM sUbfeI drjy qoˆ rfÈtrI pwDr df drjf Bfv afl ieMzIaf iswK gurduafrf aYkt df drjf idvfAux dI koiÈÈ krnI cfhIdI sI qfˆ ik afËfd Bfrq ivwc aMgryËfˆ dy bxfey hoey aYkt nUM Gwto-Gwt ihMdusqfnI sMivDfn df pfiksqfn `c hoey Dmfky `c vfl-vfl bcy kbfielI ijrgf pyÈfvr- aPgfinsqfn srhwd nyVly pwCm AuqrI pfiksqfn dy aÈfˆq ielfky `c inÈfnf bxf ky buwDvfr nUM kIqy gey bMb Dmfky `c kbfielI ijrgf dy mYˆbr vfl-vfl bcy. milk abduwl hkIm afpxy vfhn rfhIˆ bjfAUr eyjMsI huMdy hoey ikqy jf rhI sI Ausy dOrfn sVk kMZy lwgy bMb `c Dmfkf krky AunHfˆ nUM inÈfnf bxfieaf igaf. irmort kMtrol nfl kIqf igaf bMb Dmfkf vfhn dy iblkul nyVy bIijMg-dwKxI-pwCmI cIn `c aYqvfr nUM dsqk dyx vflI qyË bfrÈ nfl mrn vfilafˆ dI igxqI 12 qwk puwj geI hY. qyË bfrÈ ny gueIJoAU sUby `c iËafdfqr Èihrfˆ aqy mMzlfˆ nUM Kqm kr idwqf hY, ijs nfl ndI df jl pwDr vD igaf aqy afvfjfeI Twp ho geI hY. qyË bfrÈ kfrn Èihrfˆ `c hVH df Kqrf bxI hY. kuJ Èihrfˆ `c ibjlI aqy sMcfr ivvsQf `c muÈikl hoeI. zf[ suKidafl isMG aYkt hox df mfx qfˆ hfsl ho jfˆdf. ieh aMgryËfˆ df bxfieaf hoieaf aqy iswKfˆ `qy Toisaf hoieaf aYkt hY. ies leI ies nUM 1947 qoˆ bfad ihMdusqfnI rUp dyxf cfhIdf sI. iswK rfjnIqI df ieh vwzf duKfˆq hY ik iswKfˆ dI rfjnIqI 1947 qoˆ pihlfˆ vI gurduafirafˆ dy duafÜy hI kyˆdrq rhI hY aqy 1947 qoˆ bfad vI. iswK afpxI rfjnIqI nUM gurduafirafˆ ivwcoˆ kwZ hI nhIˆ sky. 1947 qoˆ bfad gurduafrf aYkt, iewk vfr vI nf qfˆ kdy pMjfb ivDfn sBf ivwc pyÈ hoieaf hY aqy nf hI pfrlImYˆt ivwc. sB kuJ ËbfnI-klfmI hI huMdf irhf hY. 1955 df nihrU-qfrf isMG pYkt vI ËbfnI-klfmI sI aqy isrÌ aÉbfrI ibafnfˆ Auwpr hI afDfrq sI. 1947 qoˆ bfad kIqI geI koeI vI qrmIm vwD qoˆ vwD Bfrq srkfr dy gRih ivBfg qk hI sImq rhI hY. awj koeI vI ieh kih skdf hY ik `pMjfb iswK gurduafrf aYkt- 1925` dI afËfd Bfrq dy sMivDfn ivwc aqy pUrbI pMjfb dIafˆ ivDfnsBfeI sUcIafˆ ivwc koeI vI ilKqI Qfˆ nhIˆ hY. iswK irafsqfˆ Auwpr ieh lfgU nhIˆ sI. pYpsU Auwpr ieh lfgU nhIˆ sI. 1956 qoˆ pihlfˆ ies aYkt dI jo vI vrqoˆ iswK irafsqfˆ aqy pYpsU ivwc huMdI rhI hY, Auh isrÌ iewk prMprf dy qOr `qy ËbfnI-klfmI hI huMdI rhI hY. hor qfˆ hor, jdoˆ pihlI nvMbr, 1956 nUM pYpsU nUM pMjfb ivwc Èfml kIqf igaf sI qfˆ vI gurduafrf aYkt nUM pYpsU dy rly hoey Kyqr ivwc lfgU krn leI pMjfb ivDfn sBf ivwc koeI kfrvfeI nhIˆ hoeI sI. iehI kfrn hY ik awj hirafxf ivDfn sBf vwloˆ hirafxy dy gurduafirafˆ leI vwKrI kmytI bxfAux dy muwdy ny `iswK gurduafrf aYkt,1925` dI pol KolH ky rwK idwqI hY. afËfd Bfrq ivwc 1925 dy gurduafrf aYkt df koeI vI kfnUMnI afDfr nhIˆ hY. hoieaf pr AunHfˆ nUM koeI nuksfn nhIˆ puwjf. surwiKaf Pors qurMq Dmfky vflI Qfˆ `qy phuMc gey aqy ielfky dI GyrfbMdI krky Koj muihMm ÈurU kr idwqI hY. aÈfˆq pwCmI Auqr kbfielI Kyqr `c ijrgf dy mYˆbrfˆ `qy jfnlyvf hmlf hoxf bhuq afm gwl hY. iesy sfl meI `c imrfnÈfh kol hoey hmly `c srkfr dI hmfieq krn vfly pRBfvI kbfielI ijrgf milk kfdr Kfn aqy AunHfˆ dy do surwiKaf gfrzfˆ dI mOq ho geI sI. cIn `c bfrÈ kfrn imRqkfˆ dI igxqI 12 qwk puwjI mMinaf jf irhf hY ik BfrI bfrÈ kfrn gueIJoAU dI arQ-ivvsQf `qy 64 kroV Xuafn df nuksfn hoieaf hY. aiDkfrIafˆ ny 35,000 lokfˆ nUM surwiKaq Qfvfˆ `qy phuMcf idwqf hY. sUbfeI BUivigafink kyˆdr ny ikhf ik gueIJoAU dy pUrbI aqy dwKxI ielfikafˆ `c mMglvfr qoˆ buwDvfr drimafn bfrÈ dI dsqk dyx dI sMBfvnf hY. “isafsI jLMjIrF dy tuwt jfx df arQ ieh kdI nhIN huMdf ik dysL afjLfd ho igaf hY” 15 agsq 1947 df ajyhf sPr jLrUr hY ijs idn Bfrq goiraF dI vsqIvfd dI pMjflLI lfh ky iewk nvyN dOr ivwc dfiKl huMdf hY. bhuq hwd qIk bVIaF afsF, jjLbfqF, BivwsL dy supny, axpVHqf dIaF pMjflLIaF df tuwtxf, Dfrimk AUc nIc df ZYh ZyrI hoxf, smfjI brfbrqf aqy DrmF dIaF vMzIaF df nsLt hoxf hr iewk jIvMq ieMnsfn df suPnf sI, hoieaf ies dy sB kuJ hI Ault. pRoPYsr mohn isMG Auhnf idnf df kvI ivlkdf njLr pYNdf hYasmfn qoN AuWqrI afjLfdI dI prI, ibrilaF qy tfitaF ny boc leI. keI dhfky asIN bwcy vFgr zmI jF cuMgxI qy vI gujLfrf krdy rhy, ies afsry ik hux vI kuJ Kfx leI imlygf; qy hux vI imilaf!ieh sB kuJ iewk hvfeI gubfry vrgf afkfr hI bx ky rih igaf. “Bfrq mfqf jo kdI sony dI cVIaf sI, kdI vI grIbF leI afty dI icVI nf bx skI” Drm aqy smfj ny awgy pulFg ptx dI bjfey ajyhy injLfm ivwc gulfmI dIaF nIhF hor vI pwkIaF krky iemfrqF KVIaF af kIqIaF. huMdf ieh hY ik isafsI iqlkx bfjLI ieh dsdI hY ik rfjf sLfhI tuwtx mgroN jmhUrIaq dI “syb gwzI” srmfey dfrI injLfm dy hQ afAuNdI hY. sDfrx grIb lok jo kyvl vot lYx leI cYs dI Kyz vFgr kyvl goty hI huMdy hn ibkrI ivwc vycy KrIdy jFdy hn. vyKx nUM ijvy sfry sMsfr aMdr Bfrq sB qoN vwzf lok rfj hY, pr aslvfd ivwc ieh iewk ZoNg rfj hI isD huMdf hY. afm krky rojL nfhry lwgdy hn “sfzy lIzr cor hn” pr iehnf corF nUM modIKfny dy mfilk bxfAux vfly vI qF votr hI hn. asIN vot pf ky corF nUM cuxdy hF qy iPr ieljLfm bfjLI iks qy krdy ho! hux asIN ajyhI siQqI qy af KVy huMdy hF ijs ivwc sfry dy sfry BfrqI lok rfj df inkfb sfP jLfihr ho jFdf hY. asIN hux sPfeI nfl jfx skdy hF ik ajyhI hflq ivwc do DVy sfP njLr af jFdy hn. iewk lutyiraF df aqy dUjf luwt Kfx vfilaF df. lutyry jfxdy hn ik grIb KrIidaf jf skdf hY. Auh ivkfAU hY. ies qrF lutyiraF dI aqy luwt hox vfilaF dI bhuq hwd qk sFJ jF BfeIvflI vI hY. ijs nYiqkqf sdfcfr aqy siBak ivhfr dI asIN gwl krdy hF, BuwK ies nUM hVH vFgr Kor; Zfh lf vhf lY jFdI hY. dujf Bfg ien ibwn ies pRkfr df hI hY lokF nUM ieMnsfP aqy hwkF df dyxf. Gt igxqI vfly lokF dI Dfrimk, smfijk, aqy afriQk qOr qy rKvflI bfbq vDyry nf kihMdf hoieaf kyvl iewk gwl ivwc hI nbyVdy hF ik isafsI rfhbr hI ijQy rfhjLn hox AuQy ieMnsfP psMdI kI arQ rKdI hY. 1984 dy dMgy aqy isK nsl kusLI qoN lY ky AuVIsf, CqIs gVH ivwc msIhIaF df kqly afm, gujrfq ivwc 1947 vfly sfky df muslmfnF qy jLulm vfly hfdsy ajy qk ies krky hI ieMnsfP dI adflq ivwc ltk rhy hn ik aprfDI apxI Aumr Bog ky mr jfxgy, iPr afpIN hI kys rwdU bwdU ho rih jfxgy. dUjy pfsy ieh qF asIN sfry dy sfry ipwtdy rhy ik modI kfiql hY, iPLrkf pRsq hY, pr ijs idn cox krnI sI, Aus idn qfj posLI krky Bfrq df pRDfn bxf idwqf. myrf iksy nfl jLfqI iglf nhIN, mYN kyvl iehnf lokF dy sdfcfr aqy ivhfr dI gl krdf hF. Bfrq dI grIbI df ijLkr kridaF hoieaf kuwJ ajyhIaF vI dlIlF isfasI mhF blI dyNdy hn ijs qoN ieh sfbq huMdf hY ik sfry BfrqI inGfr df sbwb ies qy goiraF dy rfj df hI sI ijs ny ies dI sfrI afriQkqf qbfh kr ky rwK idwqI; ho skdf hY ies ivwc kuwJ hd qk scfeI vI hovy. ies pRkfr ijvyN afm krky hI aDkwc pVHfeI vfly lok ieh ieljLfm mVH dyNdy hn ik goiraF dI pflsI “pfVo qy rj kro”(Divide and Rule) ny Bfrq df kuwJ nhIN rihx idwqf. myrf iewk sDfrx ijhf hI svfl ieh vI puwC skdf hY ik mMn ilaf ieh pfVo qy rfj kro vflI dlIl TIk sI; afiKr ijs ny rfj krnf hY Auh kuwJ nf kuJ qF jLrUr hI krygf. do svfl ijLhn nUM tuMbdy hn, iewk qF ieh ik kI Bfrq ny ieh pfVvfd vflI gwl apxI sfrI qvfrIK ivwc pihlI vfrI suxI sI ieslfm dI gulfmI svIkfr krn qoN pihloN kI kdI Bfrq ny ieh pfVo qy rfj kro vflI pflsI kdI nhIN apnfeI sI dUjI gwl ieh hY ik mMn ilaf; goiraF ny sfnUM 15 agsq 1947 qoN pihloN pfV ky duPfV jF cuPfV vI kIqf hovy, pr hux kOx pfV irhf hY jd bfbrI msjd df JgVf sfhmxy afieaf sfrf dysL Aus hI lkIr qy KVf sI jo 1947 ivwc sI. dilwq jF pCVIaF jfqF afjLfdI qoN hjLfrF sfl vI ies dI dldl ivwc sn jo awj vI hY. pqf nhIN ijs “sony dI icVI”dy Xuwg df hvflf asIN suxdy hF; iks rfm rfj ivwc sI asIN ijs qvfrIK qoN jfxU hF ieh hI afKdI hY ik sfry Bfrq ivwc kflL gorI hkUmq qoN pihloN vI pYNdy sn qy awj vI. aYs: aYm: mfeIkl aqy ivlIam: ey: hyvlYNz jo XU: aYn dy srkrdf grIb dysLF dy pflsI mykr hn ies pRkfr afKdy hn ik Bfrq ivwc dilq aqy pCVIaF hoeIaF jmfqF ivwc 65% grIbI ryKf qoN ikqy hyT vsybf krdy hn. mugLl rfj koeI 1860 ivwc Bfrq ivwcoN Kqm ho igaf aqy ies dy aihlkfrF aqy bfdsLfhF ny vI isvfey mkbry jF kbrF bxfAux qoN hor pqf nhIN Bfrq dI AunqI leI kI kIqf sI. pMzq jvfhr lfl nihrU aMgRyjLF dI afriQk pflsI dI bfbq itwpxI dyNdf hoieaf afKdf hY; “ vDyry krky jo Bfg aMgRyjLF dI hkUmq hyT rhy hn Auh Bfrq ivwc vDyry grIbI dI mfr hyT sn. sLsI QrUr jo iksy vyly XU:aYn dy aMzr sYktrI aqy Bfrq dy ivdysL mMqrI mMzl ivwc kYbnt iminstr df Auhdf inBf cuky hn; afKdy hn, “ aMgRyjLF ny BfrqI klfkfrI ikrq dI mOq kr idwqI aqy Bfrq dy byjLImIny mjLdUr pYdf kr ky rwK idwqy aqy sfzI grIbI dy GfVyy hn”. iehnF dlIlF nUM jLrf ku iewk ipRjLm ilsLkor hyT vyiKaf jfvy qF ieh pqf vlgdf hY ik dovyN hI dlIlF KoKlIaF aqy lokF dIaF awKF ivwc DUV pfAux vflIaF hn. pihlI pMizq nihrU dI dlIl ik jo Bfg goiraF dy rfj hyT sn Auh vDyry grIb sn; keI svfl pYdf krdI hY. iewk qF ies hY ik koeI ieh dwsy ik Auh ikhVf Bfg Bfrq df sI jo amIr qy ivgsq sI dUjf ieh ik ies dy nfl nfl ieh vI vyKxf pvygf ik Bfrq dI awj dI hflq dIaF qrwkI vwl pulFg leI vI asIN Aus ibRitsL pihl kdmI df hI nqIjf smJdy hF jo kdI goiraF dy rfj ny kIqI sI. kuwJ ku imsflF ies pRkfr hn. jy pMjfb dI hI hflq nUM ilaf jfvy- pwCmI pMjfb ijs nUM awj asIN pfiksqfn afKdy hF, ies ivwc nihrF df jfl ivCfAux vfly gory hI sn. gujrFvflf, lfiel pur, imMtgumrI aqy isMD dy sfry rygsqfn nUM srsbjL krn vfly ieh aMgRyjLI hkUmq hI sI. ies dy hjLfrF mIlF qk sVkF aqy rylvy df jfl ivCfAux vfly ieh ieMgRyjL hI sn. Bfrq ivwc ivwidak aqy mYzIkl isstm dI pihl krn vflI ieh hI hkUmq sI. sfry jLmInI aqy pRbMiDk ZFcy nUM iksy byimsfl qrIky nfl clfAux df ZMg asIN iehnF qoN hI iswiKaf. ies dy nfl nfl smfijk KoKly ZMg nUM suDfr krn aqy Bfrq dy adlIaf dI buinafd vI iehnF ny hI rwKI jo awj vI cl rhI hY. ieh alwg gwl hY ik asIN aMmbydkfr nUM svIDfn GfVf afKdy hF pr Auh ikhVf svIDfn hY ijs dI nkl awj Bfrq ny nhIN mfrI. dysL dI imltrI, hvfeI aqy jl sYnf qk sfrI dI sfrI Ausy ZMg qy hY jo ibRitsL dy gey. Auh ikhVI nvIN Koj jF Bfl hY jo Bfrq ny afjLfd ho ky kIqI hovy. qy mYN afKFgf ik ieh aMgRyjLF dI bsqI vfd dI ieh dyx vI sI ik Auh ijQy vI gey AuhnF ny iehnF dysLF ivwc bysLumfr suDfr kIqy; (bfkI sPf 13 qy)