Biogas potentials in Turkey - Presentation of Results -

Biogas potentials in Turkey
- Presentation of Results -
Jaqueline Daniel-Gromke, DBFZ
Funda Cansu Ertem, DBFZ
Nadja Rensberg, DBFZ
20 December 2011
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a
decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
1

Agenda
Background
Objective and Focus of the study
Methodology /Data base
Results of Biogas potential analysis
Biogas plants (Overview)
Summary
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this
initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
2

Background
The Turkish-German Biogas-Project is a German Federal Ministry for the
Environment, Natural Conversation and Nuclear Safety funded assistance
project enforced by the GIZ within the scope of a Cooperation Agreement,
signed between the Turkish Republic and Federal Republic of Germany.
The partner and beneficiary of the Project is the Ministry of Environment and
Urbanisation (MoEU).
The overall objective of the project is to develop a sustainable biogas production
concept from agricultural residues (e.g. cattle manure) and organic wastes (e.g.
from the agro industry), introduce organic/natural fertilizer and as a result
reduce carbon emissions.
Moreover the aim is to identify biogas production capacity for a selected
implementation region and establish a practical operating environment for the
investors in the region, in which such enterprises can operate competitively with
German high quality and holistic biogas concept and technology.
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this
initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
3

Objectives of the Study
Gross estimation of biogas potential of different sectors (Agricultural
residues, Animal residues, agro-industrial residues) on a national and
regional level
Gross calculation of the total national biogas potential, participation on the
energy mix in Turkey
Availability of surplus agricultural land currently not in use with potential for
the cultivation of energy crops for biogas production
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this
initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
4

Biogas potential – Focus
Biogas calculation on regional level with the focus on:
Animal livestock
Manure from cattle
Manure from poultry (broiler and laying chicken)
Agricultural area differed to the crops for the calculation of the
agricultural byproduct (e.g. straw of cereals, maize silage not used as
fodder, sugar beet leaf, tomatoes waste)
Residues from food industry, slaughterhouses, fruits and vegetables
production (e.g. meat residues, agro-industrial wastewater, press cake of
sugar beet, olive press cake)
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this
initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
5

Biogas potential – Methodology
Data collection
Statistics (Ministry data base, data from cattle breeder’s association as
well as egg producer association)
survey food industry (up to now no data)
information from actors and experts
Kind of animal husbandry systems/options for collection of manure
Evaluation of the data
Calculation of the biogas potential according to the different sector
Theoretical potential
Technical potential
Identification of regions with high biogas potential by summarizing the most
important residues for biogas production in Turkey
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this
initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
6

Biomass potential - Definitions
Different kind of definitions of potential
The study focus on theoretical and technical biogas potentials
Theoretical potential
Technical potential
Economic potential
Realisable potential
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this
initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

CURRENT SITUATION
– Biogas Plants -
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this
initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
8

Biogas plants in Turkey (Overview)
Biogas
Plants
in operation
Capacity
in operation
[MW]
Biogas
Plants
in planning
Capacity
in planning
[MW]
Biogas
Plants
total
Total Capacity
[MW]
Total 36 111,234 49 111,756 85 222,99
Agriculture
(animal waste, crops)
Food Industry
(wastewater, organic waste)
Municipality
(landfill gas, wastewater)
Municipality
(landfill gas)
Municipality
(wastewater)
2 0,579 12 11,999 14 12,578
17 13,676 2 3,88 19 17,556
17 96,979 12 34,718 29 131,697
13 93,043 9 32,033 22 125,076
4 3,936 3 2,685 7 6,621
Undefined 0 0 23 61,159 23 61,159
Data base 12/2011 (GIZ)
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this
initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
9

Biogas plants in Turkey (Overview) II
Agriculture
Food Industry
Municipality
12
Biogas Plants
in operation
2
Biogas Plants
in operation
12 Biogas Plants
in operation
2
Biogas Plants
in planning
17
Biogas Plants
in planning
17
Biogas Plants
in planning
11,999
Capacity
in operation
[MW]
3,88
Capacity
in operation
[MW]
34,718
Capacity
in operation
[MW]
0,579
Capacity
in planning
[MW]
13,676
Capacity
in planning
[MW]
96,979
Capacity
in planning
[MW]
Data base 12/2011 (GIZ)
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this
initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
10

RESULTS
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this
initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
11

Summary: Biogas Potential from manure (Cattle + Poultry)
Theoretical biogas potential
In total Cattle + Poultry: 144.366 TJ/year
Technical biogas potential
In total Cattle + Poultry: 78.372 TJ/year
20%
5%
broiler chicken
laying chicken
54%
36%
broiler chicken
laying chicken
75%
highest share of biogas potential from animal residues in Turkey results from bovine
10%
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this
initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
12

Biogas Potential – Summary
Agriculture -
livestock
Agricultural
Residues
Substrate
Theoretical Biogas
Potential [PJ/year]
Technical
Biogas
Technical Biogas Potential
Potential [PJ/year] [PJ/year]
Cattle Manure 115,9 47,3
Poultry Manure 36,6 36,2
Straw of Cereals 276,7 27,7
Sugar beet leaf 17,5 4,4
Tomato Wastes 11,1 4,1
Energy crops Energy Crops on fallow land 300,0 75,0 75,0
83,5
36,1
Agro-Industrial
Residues
Meat production residues 0,5 0,2
Cheese - waste water 2,7 2,4
Sugar beet press cake 5,0 4,5
molasses (sugar production) 3,3 2,9
Olive press cake 1,3 1,2
Olive mill waste water 1,3 1,2
Juice residues (Pomace) 1,8 1,5
Draff (Bioethanol-production) 0,9 0,8
14,7
Municipal Waste Municipal Waste 22,0 11,0 11,0
Total (with energy crops) 796,4 220,4
Total (without energy crops) 496,4 145,4
Total (without energy crops and straw) 219,7 117,7
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this
initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
13

Biogas Potential – Summary
Theoretical
Biogas Potential
[PJ/year]
Technical Biogas
Potential
[PJ/year]
Sector
Agriculture - livestock 152,5 83,5
Agricultural Residues 305,3 36,1
Energy crops 300,0 75,0
Agro-Industrial Residues 16,6 14,7
Municipal Waste 22,0 11,0
Total (with energy crops) 796,4 220,4
Total (without energy crops) 496,4 145,4
Total (without energy crops and straw) 219,7 117,7
Theoretical Biogas Potential [PJ/year]
Technical Biogas Potential [PJ/year]
2% 3%
Agriculture - livestock
7%
5%
Agriculture - livestock
38%
19%
Agricultural Residues
Energy crops
34%
38%
Agricultural Residues
Energy crops
38%
Agro-Industrial Residues
Municipal Waste
16%
Agro-Industrial Residues
Municipal Waste
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this
initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
14

Biogas Potential vs. Energy Demand in Turkey
The range of technical biogas potential of organic residues in Turkey (agricultural
residues, municipal waste, residues of food industry) is calculated between
117,7 – 220,4 PJ/year (without/with energy crops and straw) = 32,7 – 61,2 TWh/year
The technical Biogas potential can cover:
techn. Biogas potential TWh/year
32,7 61,2
related to…
Primary Energy Demand 2,6 4,8
Total Energy consumption 3,4 6,3
RES for energy consumption 37,5 70,2
the share of natural gas for energy consumption 20,1 37,5
Electricity production* 6,2 12
RES electricity production* 23,4 43,9
* assumed electrical efficiency 40% for biogas facilities
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this
initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
15

Summary
Very less energy-related biomass utilization in comparison to the given
biogas potentials
High biomass potential according to the agricultural sector (cattle manure,
poultry manure), but currently unused
Highest biogas potential of animal residues results from cattle manure
Utilization of animal residues (manure) and agro-industrial wastewater can
contribute to solve environmental problems (e.g. river polution, groundwater
safety, greenhouse gas reduction)
High straw potential esp. from wheat and barley, but the most part of straw is
used for fodder for animal breeding
Calculated technical biogas potential of organic residues between
117,7 – 220,4 PJ/year (without/with energy crops and straw) can cover
6 -12% of the total electricity production in Turkey
The share or RES for electricity production in Turkey with 23 - 44%
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this
initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
16

Thank you for your attention!
Turkish-German Biogas Project
Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
And Sokak No: 8/11
06680 Cankaya/Ankara, TURKEY
T +90 312 466 7056
T +49 6196 79830 007
E biogas-tr@giz.de
I www.giz.de
I www.biyogaz.web.tr
Author:
DBFZ
Deutsches BiomasseForschungsZentrum gemeinnützige
GmbH
Torgauer Straße 116, 04347 Leipzig, GERMANY
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this
initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
17