Plantations, poverty and power - Critical Information Collective

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149 UPM and Sveza Group Vologda Russia 800,000 1 billion 2012 Sappi Saiccor KwaZulu-Natal South Africa 300,000 460 million 2008 Sappi Ngodwana South Africa 225,000 - - NCT Forestry Cooperative Celulosa Argentina Richards Bay South Africa 140,000 - - - Uruguay 1 million 1 billion 2009 Ence Colonia Uruguay 1 million 930 million 2010 Nippon Paper - Uruguay - - - Portucel - Uruguay 1.3 million 4 billion - Stora Enso - Uruguay 1 million 1 billion 2012-2015 - - Venezuela - 800 million - Lee & Man Tan Mai Company Tan Mai Company Tan Mai Company 200 km south of HCM City Vietnam 150,000 - 2008-2009 Quang Ngai Vietnam 130,000 199 million 2011 Lam Dong Vietnam 200,000 36 million 2010 Central Highlands Vietnam 130,000 - - Incomex Saigon Quang Nam Vietnam 115,000 150 million - Ballapur Industries, Martin Group Vietnam Paper Corporation (Vinapimex) Tuyen Quang Vietnam 130,000 200 million 2009 Bai Bang Vietnam 250,000 300 million 2010
150 Conclusion and recommendations It is usual in a report such as this to provide recommendations. After all, we want the pulp and paper industry to improve. However, as this report has hopefully shown, voluntary certification schemes or voluntary guidelines have completely failed to produce the structural changes needed in the industry. They have even failed to improve the industry by preventing the most disastrous projects from going ahead. Networks of NGOs in North America, Europe and Indonesia have produced “Visions” of how they would like to see the pulp and paper industry develop. These “Visions” contain much that is good, such as a more than 50 per cent reduction of paper production in the case of the European Environmental Paper Vision. But they don’t go far enough in proposing a radical restructuring of the industry in such a way that would make redundant the massive industrial tree plantations that the industry is increasingly relying on. Here is another vision of the pulp and paper industry. “[I]magine a future scenario: All your separated household waste is collected from outside your house and transported to the local combined and very small power/pulp/paper mill. What used to go to landfill goes straight to the fluidized bed boiler along with everything that can be burnt (not paper!) for the supply of local energy. Your paper for recycling then goes into the pulp mill, along with any local farmers’ raw material waste that can be used for pulp. Then tissue and toilet rolls, cut size A4 and any other paper products that can be made in a miniature, fully automated mill, are produced and then delivered to the local supermarkets ready for the repeat of the next short, lifecycle.” 699 Before you dismiss this as hopelessly radical or out of touch with the real world, I should point out that this “Vision” comes from Pulp and Paper International, a magazine produced for the industry and which usually promotes business as usual for the industry. While we could (and should) argue about whether we really want all our waste to be incinerated (given the pollution involved) and need to discuss with local communities where these minimills are to be built, the proposal to restructure the industry using small scale regional mills would avoid many of the problems created by today’s pulp and paper industry. It would also help address the problem of overproduction by producing paper that is needed locally. It would also create jobs. A UK-based company, BioRegional, has developed such “minimills”. The mills were originally designed to be used in China, where thousands of small scale mills which used agricultural residues as raw material have been closed down – partly because they are polluting, but also partly to allow the restructuring of the industry with massive pulp and paper mills, to a large extent reliant on imported pulp. BioRegional’s minimills would allow China’s small-scale mills to be replaced with far less polluting versions, rather than closed down. 700 But the minimills could be used anywhere. In her 1997 book, “The U.S. Paper Industry and Sustainable Production: An Argument for Restructuring”, Maureen Smith looks at the possibilities of restructuring the North American pulp and 699 Mark Rushton (2008) “Global spotlight, local microscope”, Pulp and Paper International, August 2008, page 3. 700 A description of the BioRegional MiniMills project is available here: http://www.bioregional.com/programme_projects/pap_fibres_prog/minimill/minimill_furtherinf.htm
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1 Plantations, poverty and power: E
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3 CONTENTS Introduction 1. Plantati
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5 New investors have emerged recent
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7 1. Plantations do not plant thems
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9 plantations established on grassl
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11 Nations Food and Agriculture Org
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13 Another reason for the move to t
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15 In his book, “Khor Jor Kor, Fo
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17 Between 1991 and 2006, the numbe
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19 are asking for”, notes WWF. 60
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21 consume fewer goods. Less advert
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23 credit crunch, unstable oil pric
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25 Investment in plantations in the
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27 possible price. Subsidies, linke
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29 2. The anatomy of five pulp proj
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31 However, while the Bank confirme
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33 make way for its tree plantation
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35 In April 2004, about 2,000 famil
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37 Sappi, Swaziland: 50 years of in
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39 after an assessment by the Soil
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41 impact of the plantations on wat
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43 Advance Agro, Thailand: Deforest
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45 confiscation and liquidation of
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47 management was facing a bankrupt
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49 Indah Kiat, Asia Pulp and Paper,
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51 company owners want profits to b
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53 • US$4.5 billion owed by APP i
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55 explained that “association wi
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57 Indah Kiat faces a series of lan
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59 logging. While the investigation
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61 experimental areas and not from
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63 Staples and Office Depot in the
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65 “the exhaustive studies have c
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67 CEDHA has also filed complaints
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69 of converting grasslands to indu
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71 3. Pulp Inc. Profiles of seven p
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73 Thailand, a power plant for a Ne
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75 Management’s experts the possi
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77 A year after Aracruz’s third p
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79 In January 2003, Pöyry announce
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81 Bank in the early 1990s. Groome
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83 Pöyry’s role in the Baikal Pu
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85 Under carbon financing, Pöyry o
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87 Pöyry is working on second gene
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89 The Confederation of European Pa
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91 CEPI Eurokraft states that “it
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93 sectors need to reduce by 21% co
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95 The ADB’s report notes that th
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97 Nepal In Nepal, the target area
Page 100 and 101: 99 loan for the second plantations
Page 102 and 103: 101 International Finance Corporati
Page 104 and 105: 103 •In December 2000, IFC approv
Page 106 and 107: 105 firm’s activities. After his
Page 108 and 109: 107 safeguards are in practice.
Page 110 and 111: 109 Bank projects are approved by a
Page 112 and 113: 111 •€80 million to Portucel to
Page 114 and 115: 113 The Food and Agriculture Organi
Page 116 and 117: 115 Nevertheless, Poore and Fries n
Page 118 and 119: 117 failure to define industrial tr
Page 120 and 121: 119 FAO’s guidelines recommend th
Page 122 and 123: 121 Rosengren did not reply to my e
Page 124 and 125: 123 Forest Stewardship Council: Mis
Page 126 and 127: 125 body that rubber stamps operati
Page 128 and 129: 127 Criterion 1.6, for example, sta
Page 130 and 131: 129 fast wood plantations have take
Page 132 and 133: 131 Principle 10.8 should prevent t
Page 134 and 135: 133 By April 2004, FSC had, at last
Page 136 and 137: 135 plantations, because it creates
Page 138 and 139: 137 integrated set of common Princi
Page 140 and 141: 139 for clearing areas of Atlantic
Page 142 and 143: 141 Colombia were certified by SGS.
Page 144 and 145: 143 The dissociation became necessa
Page 146 and 147: 145 4. Future planned pulp mills As
Page 148 and 149: 147 Planned pulp projects: 698 Comp
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