Plantations, poverty and power - Critical Information Collective

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143 The dissociation became necessary after “APP gained certification for products produced at an Indonesian mill from FSC certified pulp purchased on international markets. The company has used this partial certification to associate itself more generally with FSC,” according to a statement by FSC Australia. 679 Another FSC statement about APP, available on FSC Canada’s website, states that “[E]ven with our policy structure in place it remained possible for companies to participate in the FSC system while simultaneously engaging in unacceptable forestry practices. As a result, in March 2007, the FSC Board of Directors mandated the FSC International Center to follow a new and broader approach, which entailed the development of criteria for the association of any third party with FSC’s good name and trademarks.” 680 FSC produced a draft “Policy for the Association with FSC”, which it circulated to members in October 2007. Since then, the draft Policy seems to have disappeared without trace, and the dissociation from APP remains a one-off for FSC. Stora Enso’s operations in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay Stora Enso has some of its operations certified by FSC, including its share of Veracel. FSC’s rules are supposed to prevent companies from greenwashing their operations by certifying one part but carrying out socially and environmentally destructive activities elsewhere. Earlier this year, about 900 women from the International Peasant Movement, Via Campesina, were violently evicted by the Military Police from an area of 2,100 hectares of Stora Enso’s plantations in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. According to a statement from Via Campesina about 60 women were badly injured and 800 were arrested. The women were protesting against Stora Enso’s monoculture eucalyptus plantations, which the company is currently establishing in Rio Grande do Sul. 681 In August 2008, the Movement of Landless Peasants (MST) and Via Campesina in Brazil launched an international campaign against Stora Enso, in protest against the company’s expansion of its plantations in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. Predictably, Stora Enso’s response was to question the information that Via Campesina and MST provided. FSC has taken no action against Stora Enso, or against the certifying bodies that have certified Stora Enso’s operations.682 FSC’s goal, according to the introduction to the Principles and Criteria, is “to promote environmentally 679 “FSC steps up action to block greenwash”, FSC Australia, 9 November 2007. http://www.fscaustralia.org/files/100/fsc%20news%20release%207%202007%20- %20app%20%20partial%20certification.pdf 680 “Asia Pulp & Paper (APP) – FSC Trademark Notice”, FSC Canada. http://www.fsccanada.org/APP.htm 681 “Police repress peasant women to protect Swedish-Finnish company Stora Enso’s illegal plantations”, World Rainforest Movement press release, 7 March 2008. http://pulpinc.wordpress.com/2008/03/07/police-repress-peasantwomen/ “Women of the Via Campesina occupy area of Stora Enso in the Rio Grande do Sul state”, Via Campesina press release, 4 March 2008. http://pulpinc.wordpress.com/2008/03/04/via-campesina-occupy-area-of-stora-enso/ 682 “International Campaign against Stora Enso”, Pulp Inc. 19 August 2008. http://pulpinc.wordpress.com/2008/08/19/international-campaign-against-stora-enso/
144 responsible, socially beneficial and economically viable management of the world’s forests.” 683 FSC should not certify industrial tree plantations, for the simple reason that they are not forests. Industrial tree plantations are neither environmentally responsible nor socially beneficial. They are often not even economically viable, at least not without generous government subsidies. FSC should therefore not certify them. 683 From the Introduction to “FSC Principles and Criteria for Forest Stewardship”, FSC-STD-01-001 (version 4-0) EN, Forest Stewardship Council. http://www.fsc.org/fileadmin/webdata/public/document_center/international_FSC_policies/standards/FSC_STD_01_001_V4_0_EN_FSC_Principles_and_C riteria.pdf
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1 Plantations, poverty and power: E
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3 CONTENTS Introduction 1. Plantati
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5 New investors have emerged recent
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7 1. Plantations do not plant thems
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9 plantations established on grassl
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11 Nations Food and Agriculture Org
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13 Another reason for the move to t
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15 In his book, “Khor Jor Kor, Fo
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17 Between 1991 and 2006, the numbe
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19 are asking for”, notes WWF. 60
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21 consume fewer goods. Less advert
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23 credit crunch, unstable oil pric
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25 Investment in plantations in the
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27 possible price. Subsidies, linke
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29 2. The anatomy of five pulp proj
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31 However, while the Bank confirme
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33 make way for its tree plantation
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35 In April 2004, about 2,000 famil
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37 Sappi, Swaziland: 50 years of in
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39 after an assessment by the Soil
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41 impact of the plantations on wat
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43 Advance Agro, Thailand: Deforest
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45 confiscation and liquidation of
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47 management was facing a bankrupt
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49 Indah Kiat, Asia Pulp and Paper,
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51 company owners want profits to b
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53 • US$4.5 billion owed by APP i
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55 explained that “association wi
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57 Indah Kiat faces a series of lan
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59 logging. While the investigation
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61 experimental areas and not from
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63 Staples and Office Depot in the
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65 “the exhaustive studies have c
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67 CEDHA has also filed complaints
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69 of converting grasslands to indu
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71 3. Pulp Inc. Profiles of seven p
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73 Thailand, a power plant for a Ne
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75 Management’s experts the possi
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77 A year after Aracruz’s third p
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79 In January 2003, Pöyry announce
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81 Bank in the early 1990s. Groome
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83 Pöyry’s role in the Baikal Pu
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85 Under carbon financing, Pöyry o
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87 Pöyry is working on second gene
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89 The Confederation of European Pa
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91 CEPI Eurokraft states that “it
Page 94 and 95: 93 sectors need to reduce by 21% co
Page 96 and 97: 95 The ADB’s report notes that th
Page 98 and 99: 97 Nepal In Nepal, the target area
Page 100 and 101: 99 loan for the second plantations
Page 102 and 103: 101 International Finance Corporati
Page 104 and 105: 103 •In December 2000, IFC approv
Page 106 and 107: 105 firm’s activities. After his
Page 108 and 109: 107 safeguards are in practice.
Page 110 and 111: 109 Bank projects are approved by a
Page 112 and 113: 111 •€80 million to Portucel to
Page 114 and 115: 113 The Food and Agriculture Organi
Page 116 and 117: 115 Nevertheless, Poore and Fries n
Page 118 and 119: 117 failure to define industrial tr
Page 120 and 121: 119 FAO’s guidelines recommend th
Page 122 and 123: 121 Rosengren did not reply to my e
Page 124 and 125: 123 Forest Stewardship Council: Mis
Page 126 and 127: 125 body that rubber stamps operati
Page 128 and 129: 127 Criterion 1.6, for example, sta
Page 130 and 131: 129 fast wood plantations have take
Page 132 and 133: 131 Principle 10.8 should prevent t
Page 134 and 135: 133 By April 2004, FSC had, at last
Page 136 and 137: 135 plantations, because it creates
Page 138 and 139: 137 integrated set of common Princi
Page 140 and 141: 139 for clearing areas of Atlantic
Page 142 and 143: 141 Colombia were certified by SGS.
Page 146 and 147: 145 4. Future planned pulp mills As
Page 148 and 149: 147 Planned pulp projects: 698 Comp
Page 150 and 151: 149 UPM and Sveza Group Vologda Rus
Page 152: 151 paper industry along ecological
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