checklist - ERAU ETA - Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

PIPER ARROW 

PA-28R-201 

Standard 

Operating 

Procedures 

SOP

PA-28R-201 SOP 

Copyright © 2012 

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 

All rights reserved. 

Revised 07-01-2012 © Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Rev 06

PA-28R-201 SOP i 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

REVISION HIGHLIGHTS ....................................................................................................... III 

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES ............................................................................................... IV 

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 

ERAU CHECKLIST POLICY .................................................................................................. 2 

INTRA-COCKPIT VERBAL COORDINATION ........................................................................ 4 

STANDARD CALLOUTS ........................................................................................................... 9 

STANDARD CALLOUTS - NORMAL .................................................................................... 10 

STANDARD CALLOUTS - EMERGENCY ............................................................................ 13 

STANDARD CALLOUTS - ABNORMAL ............................................................................... 14 

PRIMING/STARTING PROCEDURES ..................................................................................... 15 

FUEL VAPOR (VAPOR LOCK) IDENTIFICATION AND CORRECTIVE ACTION .................... 16 

LEANING PROCEDURES ....................................................................................................... 17 

BRAKE/STEERING CHECKING PROCEDURES .................................................................... 19 

SECTION 1: PRE-FLIGHT PROCEDURES ............................................................................. 21 

INITIAL AIRCRAFT ACCEPTANCE ..................................................................................... 22 

PRE-FLIGHT CHECKLIST ................................................................................................... 25 

RAMP OUT CHECKLIST ..................................................................................................... 42 

SECTION 2: NORMAL PROCEDURES ................................................................................... 43 

BEFORE START CHECKLIST ............................................................................................. 45 

ENGINE START CHECKLIST .............................................................................................. 51 

BEFORE TAXI CHECKLIST ................................................................................................. 55 

BEFORE TAKEOFF “RUN-UP” CHECKLIST ....................................................................... 61 

BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECKLIST ........................................................................................ 67 

BEFORE TAKEOFF “FINAL ITEMS” CHECKLIST ............................................................... 71 

CLIMB CHECKLIST ............................................................................................................. 75 

CRUISE CHECKLIST .......................................................................................................... 79 

DESCENT CHECKLIST ....................................................................................................... 81 

DESCENT “FINAL ITEMS” CHECKLIST .............................................................................. 85 

AFTER LANDING CHECKLIST ............................................................................................ 87 

SHUTDOWN CHECKLIST ................................................................................................... 91 

RAMP IN CHECKLIST ......................................................................................................... 92 

SECURE CHECKLIST ......................................................................................................... 93 

Rev 06 © Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Revised 07-01-2012

ii 


SECTION 3: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ............................................................................ 97 

INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 98 

ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF ROLL CHECKLIST ............................................... 101 

ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT CHECKLIST ............................................................. 105 

LOSS OF FUEL FLOW/PRESSURE CHECKLIST .............................................................. 113 

ENGINE FIRE DURING START CHECKLIST ..................................................................... 115 

ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST .............................................................................. 119 

ELECTRICAL FIRE IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST ...................................................................... 123 

SPIN RECOVERY CHECKLIST ......................................................................................... 127 

VAC OFF OR LOW VAC WARNING ILLUMINATED CHECKLIST ...................................... 131 

SECTION 4: ABNORMAL PROCEDURES ............................................................................ 133 

INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 135 

PROPELLER OVERSPEED CHECKLIST .......................................................................... 136 

ENGINE ROUGHNESS CHECKLIST ................................................................................. 137 

HIGH OIL TEMPERATURE CHECKLIST ........................................................................... 139 

LOW OIL PRESSURE CHECKLIST ................................................................................... 140 

LANDING GEAR UNSAFE WARNINGS ............................................................................. 141 

FAILURE OF LANDING GEAR TO RETRACT CHECKLIST ............................................... 142 

MANUAL EXTENSION OF LANDING GEAR CHECKLIST ................................................. 143 

GEAR UP LANDING (INTENTIONAL) CHECKLIST ........................................................... 145 

ELECTRICAL OVERLOAD CHECKLIST ............................................................................ 147 

ELECTRICAL FAILURE CHECKLIST................................................................................. 148 

CABIN DOOR OPEN IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST ................................................................... 150 

BAGGAGE DOOR OPEN IN FLIGHT ................................................................................. 152 


PA-28R-201 SOP iii 

REVISION HIGHLIGHTS 

The following items were changed, modified, added, or deleted in this 

revision. 

Rev # Date Page Description Initials 

01 09-01-07 All Complete revision WSC 




05 07-01-11 All Complete revision RLT 

06 07-01-12 All Complete revision PMC 


iv 


LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES 

This list of effective pages is used to determine the current status of every 

page in this manual. Any page dated “07/01/12” indicates it has not been 

changed since 07/01/12. 

Page Rev # Date Page Rev # Date Page Rev # Date 

Cover 06 07/01/12 30 06 07/01/12 66 06 07/01/12 

i 06 07/01/12 31 06 07/01/12 67 06 07/01/12 

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FAA FINAL APPROVAL 

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19 06 07/01/12 55 06 07/01/12 DATE:_________________ 

BY:___________________ 

21 06 07/01/12 57 06 07/01/12 

(Maitely Santiago, Training 

22 06 07/01/12 58 06 07/01/12 Center Program Manager) 

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PA-28R-201 SOP v 

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114 06 07/01/12 FAA FINAL APPROVAL 

115 06 07/01/12 

ASOFSDO – 15 

116 06 07/01/12 

117 06 07/01/12 

DATE:_________________ 

118 06 07/01/12 

119 06 07/01/12 

BY:___________________ 

(Maitely Santiago, Training 

120 06 07/01/12 

Center Program Manager) 

121 06 07/01/12 

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vi 


DISCLAIMER 

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) is not responsible for any 

errors or omissions of this document. While the PA-28R-201, Piper Arrow 

Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and associated checklists are 

ERAU’s guidelines for the safe operation of the Piper Arrow aircraft, they 

are not the sole source of information regarding the operation of this 

aircraft. The pilot-in-command must refer to the Piper Arrow Pilot 

Operating Handbook (POH) for further information. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 1 

INTRODUCTION 

The procedures outlined within the PA-28R-201 Standard Operating 

Procedures (SOP) have been reviewed and accepted by the Embry-Riddle 

Flight Training Department for use in the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical 

University (ERAU) Flight Training Program. 

The Standard Operating Procedures explain the intended use of Preflight, 

Normal, Emergency, and Abnormal procedures used in operating the PA- 

28R-201, Piper Arrow aircraft, and provide a detailed explanation of 

individual checklist items and recommended techniques used to 

accomplish them. 

The PA-28R-201, Piper Arrow SOPA has been developed utilizing 

generally accepted industry procedures and several reference texts and 

manuals. Industry sources include The New Piper Aircraft Company, The 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Federal 

Aviation Administration (FAA), United Airlines, and Northwest Airlines. 

Warnings, Cautions, and Notes found throughout the SOP. The following 

definitions apply: 

WARNING 

Operating procedures, techniques, etc., that, if not 

carefully followed, could result in personal injury or 

loss of life. 

CAUTION 

Operating procedures, techniques, etc, that, if not 

carefully followed, could result in damage to 

equipment. 

NOTE 

An operating procedure, technique, etc, that is 

considered essential to emphasize. 


2 PA-28R-201 SOP 

ERAU CHECKLIST POLICY 

A critical element in the development as a professional pilot is in the 

training in checklist usage and discipline. Pilot deviations from standard 

operating procedures are the number one crew related cause of hull loss 

accidents. Many of these accidents and incidents are the direct result of 

the improper use of or lack of training in checklist usage. Therefore, 

checklist usage and discipline must be emphasized in our “crew” 

environment to help ensure safe and efficient flight operations at Embry- 

Riddle Aeronautical University and in preparing students for careers as 

professional pilots. 

All checklists are accomplished by either a “Do/Verify” or 

“Challenge/Response” methodology. The “Read/Do” methodology has 

been eliminated as an acceptable means of conducting the checklist. The 

principle advantage of the “Do/Verify” philosophy provides for setup 

redundancy. 

Setup redundancy occurs when the aircraft is configured from memory 

(“Flow”) and the checklist is used only to verify that all items have been 

accomplished properly. Therefore, if an item is missed in a flow check, a 

second opportunity exists to catch the missed item during the checklist 

procedure. While the “Do/Verify” method may require additional “dry” time 

to learn the “flows”, when practiced and perfected, the level of a truly 

professional pilot will be attained. 

Consistent with the “Do/Verify” philosophy, the checklist must be used to 

back up the flow (except for the Before Takeoff “Final Items”) even though 

a memorized flow check shall be employed. A memory-guided checklist 

(no verification of the flow with the checklist) is unacceptable and not 

consistent with safe flight operations. In addition, only a visual verification 

that a switch or control is in the correct position when accomplishing the 

checklist is mandatory (not to be verbalized). 

The only exception to the “Do/Verify” philosophy occurs when conducting 

Abnormal Checklist items. These items are not performed as part of a flow 

but as “Read/Do”. The initiation and completion of all checklists shall be 

announced by the executing crewmember or the challenging crewmember 

in the case of a “Challenge/Response” checklist (e.g., “Before Start 

Checklist”.......“Before Start Checklist Complete”). 


PA-28R-201 SOP 3 

When a callout is made with respect to a checklist operation (i.e. Engine 

Start, Before Taxi, etc.) the following must happen: 

1. Make the appropriate checklist callout (e.g., “Engine Start Checklist”), 

2. Conduct the “Flow” and verification of the flow items, and/or conduct 

the “Read and Do” items of the checklist, 

3. After completing all checklist items and making the appropriate 

verifications, make the appropriate callout to indicate checklist 

completion (e.g., Engine Start Checklist Complete”). 

Accomplishing the callouts as exampled above ensures that the start of a 

checklist and the completion of that checklist is clearly communicated to 

the other pilot when operating in an instructional or flight crew environment. 

The initial callout allows the crew to concentrate on the checklist being 

performed, and the completion call is a necessary action to allow the crew 

to mentally move to other areas of operation with reassurance that the 

previous checklist is complete. 

Use the specific wording of each Challenge and Response for all normal 

situations. When an item allows a choice of responses, such as Pitot 

Heat...Off (On), the choices are listed and the appropriate response shall 

be given. The first response is the most probable control position, while the 

response in parentheses is the least probable control position. When a 

checklist response does not allow for the use of a specific switch position, 

the following terms should be used as a response: 

• SET: Indicates that panel switches/knobs must be moved to or in the 

appropriate position. 

• CHECK: Indicates that controls/other systems must be 

evaluated/tested. 

• INSPECT: Indicates that equipment must be visually checked for 

damage and security. 

Any interruption in accomplishing a checklist (other than for “Final Items” or 

routine communications) requires the checklist to be repeated to ensure 

prevention of any checklist item from being missed as a result of the 

interruption. 


4 PA-28R-201 SOP 

INTRA-COCKPIT VERBAL COORDINATION 

The Sterile Cockpit concept shall be employed on the ground and in critical 

phases of flight to help ensure that critical checklists are accomplished 

correctly. Sterile cockpit refers to the elimination of nonessential 

conversation, excluding conversation necessary for safe flight operations or 

flight instruction. Finally, clear communications shall be used when 

changing system configuration or during exchange of the flight controls. 

In addition to reading back communications with ATC, hear-backs shall be 

employed between the student and the instructor in the airplane. This is to 

help ensure a common understanding by one flight crewmember that 

repeats the instructions verbally and obtains agreement on the content and 

intent from the other flight crewmember in the airplane. When flight 

crewmembers verbally confirm their understanding of the instructions, any 

errors or misunderstandings can be discovered and corrected, thus 

preventing any hazardous situations from developing. 

The flight crewmember coordination outlined below assumes an ideal 

situation, under normal flight conditions. Every attempt should be made to 

comply with the coordination standard. However, not all circumstances are 

covered. It is expected that the PIC exercise proper judgment in the interest 

of safety and training. The given examples are intended to clarify certain 

required flight crewmember coordination efforts and act as a guide on how 

to accomplish them properly. The only portions that must be repeated 

verbatim are the callouts. 

In order to foster safe and efficient flight crewmember operations, the pilot 

flying and pilot monitoring concept shall be used. This methodology assigns 

specific responsibilities to different flight crewmembers. When used 

properly, it will simulate a flight crew environment and highlight the 

importance of each role. Any flight crewmember can assume either role 

after a proper exchange of flight controls has occurred. The pilot flying (PF) 

and pilot monitoring (PM) duties are listed below. 

NOTE 

The PIC retains responsibility and exercises the final authority 

of the flight regardless of their role. Before beginning a flight, 

the flight crew shall verbally brief and agree who the PIC will be. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 5 

Pilot Flying (PF) Duties: 

The primary responsibility of the PF is to fly the airplane in accordance with 

established safety, regulatory, and ERAU procedures. The PF is the flight 

crewmember who “has the flight controls.” The PF shall... 

(1) Aviate 

- Maintain positive control of the airplane by manipulating the flight 

controls and/or managing the flight automation system. 

- Exhibit proper collision avoidance procedures. 

- Initiate, verify, and complete all checklists. 

(2) Navigate 

- Ensure the airplane operates and progresses as assigned/cleared 

by ATC or as desired by the PIC. 

(3) Communicate 

- Make all radio communications to include the recording of ATC 

clearances and taxi instructions. 

- Initiate all flight crewmember coordination procedures. 

Pilot Monitoring (PM) Duties: 

The primary responsibility of the PM is to monitor and verify the airplane’s 

operation. The PM is the flight crewmember who does not “have the flight 

controls.” The PM shall... 

(1) Maintain situational awareness by… 

- Exhibiting proper collision avoidance procedures. 

- Confirming the current operation of the airplane is consistent with 

safety, regulatory, and ERAU requirements. 

- Ensuring the current operation of the airplane complies with ATC 

clearances/instructions or the intent of the PIC. 

(2) Alert the PF if the operation of the airplane may be contrary to... 

- Safety, regulatory, or ERAU requirements. 

- ATC clearances/instructions or the intent of the PIC. 

(3) Respond to all flight crew coordination procedures. 

NOTE 

In situations when only one flight crewmember occupies the 

front seat, such as during solo, or during check rides when 

single pilot resource management is being evaluated, PF 

duties shall be performed but PM duties may be omitted. 


6 PA-28R-201 SOP 

Before beginning taxi, the following shall occur: 

(1) The PF records the taxi instruction, if received from ATC. 

(2) The PF verbally briefs the PM on the instructions or intended route 

while referring to the airport diagram to include... 

- The assigned or intended runway. 

- Runway(s) to hold short of. 

- Runway(s) to be crossed. 

- Complex intersections (three or more taxiways intersect) to be 

encountered. 

- The location of published HOT SPOTS relative to the taxi route. 

(3) The PM verbally responds to the briefing with agreement or 

disagreement. 

Before crossing a runway during taxi, the following shall occur: 

(1) The PF verbally briefs the PM... 

- What runway to cross. 

- The clearance received from ATC (if applicable). 


disagreement. 

(3) The PF and PM both visually scan the arrival path, the entire runway 

length, and the departure path to ensure no hazard exists. 

(4) The PF calls out, “Cleared to Cross (Runway Number).” 

(5) The PM responds, “Cleared to Cross.” 

NOTE 

If the PM does not respond, the airplane shall not cross the 

runway. 

Before beginning movement to enter a runway for the purpose of 

departure, the following shall occur: 


- What runway to enter. 



disagreement. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 7 

NOTE 

If the PM does not respond or does not agree, the airplane 

shall not enter the runway. 

(3) The PF and PM both visually scan the arrival path, the entire runway 

length, and the departure path to ensure no hazard exists. 

(4) The PF performs the Before Takeoff Final Items” flow. 

(5) Prior to advancing the power for takeoff, the PF calls out, “Runway 

(Runway Number), check heading.” 

(6) The PM responds, “Heading set, (compass/HSI heading).” 

While on final approach to a runway for the purpose of landing, the 

following shall occur: 


- What runway to approach. 



disagreement. 

(3) The PF calls out, “Runway (Runway Number), check heading.” 

(4) The PM responds, “Heading set, (compass/HSI heading).” 

(5) After extending the landing gear and again during the Descent “Final 

Items” Flow, the PF calls out, “Three Green, No Red, Verify.” 

(6) The PM responds, “Gear Down, Verified.” 

(7) At 200’ AGL, the PF determines whether the approach is stabilized and 

makes the appropriate call out. 

When a flight crewmember stops monitoring an ATC frequency, the 

following shall occur: 

(1) Notify the other flight crewmember prior to changing frequencies. 

(2) Upon returning to the ATC frequency, notify the other flight 

crewmember. 

(3) The other flight crewmember briefs any instructions or information 

received. 


8 PA-28R-201 SOP 

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PA-28R-201 SOP 9 

STANDARD CALLOUTS 


10 PA-28R-201 SOP 

STANDARD CALLOUTS - NORMAL 

ACTION 

Initiate Ramp Out Checklist 

Completed Ramp Out Checklist 

Initiate Before Start Checklist 

Completed Before Start Checklist 

Initiate Engine Start Checklist 

Before engaging starter 

Completed Engine Start Checklist 

Initiate Before Taxi Checklist 

Completed Before Taxi Checklist 

Initiate Changing Flap Position 

(on the ground) 

Wait for Instructor’s Response 

Before crossing a complex taxiway 

intersection (three or more taxiways 

intersect) or a runway hold line 


Visually check flaps are up 

CALLOUT 

“Ramp Out Checklist.” 

“Ramp Out Checklist Complete.” 

“Before Start Checklist.” 

“Before Start Checklist Complete.” 

“Engine Start Checklist.” 

“Clear Prop.” 

“Engine Start Checklist Complete.” 

“Before Taxi Checklist.” 

“Before Taxi Checklist Complete.” 

“Flaps Identified.” 

“Flaps Verified.” 

“Cleared to Cross (Taxiway Name)” or 

“Cleared to Cross (Runway Number)” 

Ex: “Cleared to Cross Whiskey” 

Ex: “Cleared to Cross 7L” 

“Cleared to Cross.” 

“Flaps Up.” 


“Flaps Up, Verified.” 

Initiate Before Takeoff “Run-Up” Checklist “Before Takeoff Run-Up Checklist.” 

Completed Before Takeoff “Run-Up” “Before Takeoff Run-Up Checklist 

Checklist 

Complete.” 

Initiate Before Takeoff Checklist 

“Before Takeoff Checklist.” 

Completed Before Takeoff Checklist “Before Takeoff Checklist Complete.” 

Prior to advancing the power for takeoff “Runway (Runway Number), check 

heading.” 

Ex: “Runway 7L, check heading.” 

Wait for Instructor’s response 

At Takeoff 

Engine Instruments Checked 

Airspeed Indicator Checked 

Rejecting or aborting a Takeoff 

Attaining Rotation Speed 

Establishing a Positive Rate of Climb 

When retracting the landing gear 

Verify the landing gear is retracted 

“Heading set, (compass/HSI heading).” 

Ex: “Heading set, 070.” 

“Engine instruments in the green” 

“Airspeed alive.” 

“Abort. Abort. Abort.” 

“V-R, Rotate.” 

“Positive Rate.” 

“Below 107, Gear Up.” 

“Gear Up, No Lights.” 


PA-28R-201 SOP 11 

ACTION 

Changing Assigned Altitudes 

Intiate Climb Checklist 

Completed Climb Checklist 

Initiate Cruise Checklist 

Completed Cruise Checklist 

When a stall occurs 

When initiating a simulated emergency 

approach and landing 

Initiate Descent Checklist 

Completed Descent Checklist 

When extending the landing gear 

Verify the landing gear position after 

extension 

Wait for the instructor’s response 

Visually verifying airspeed before 

lowering flaps 

When established on final approach to 

landing 

Wait for Instructor’s response 

Stabilized Approach: 

Landing Approach - Stabilized 

Landing Approach - Not Stabilized 

Any other time a Go-Around is initiated 

Initiate After Landing Checklist 

Completed After Landing Checklist 

Initiate Shutdown Checklist 

Complete Shutdown Checklist 

CALLOUT 

“Leaving ____ for ____.” 

Ex: “Leaving 7000 for 8000” 

“Climb Checklist.” 

“Climb Checklist Complete.” 

“Cruise Checklist.” 

“Cruise Checklist Complete.” 

“Stalling.” 

“Simulated Emergency Landing.” 

“Descent Checklist.” 

“Descent Checklist Complete.” 

“Below 129, Gear Down.” 

“Three Green, No Red, Verify.” 

“Gear Down, Verified.” 

“Below (limitation speed), Flaps (desired 

setting). 

Ex: “Below 103, Flaps 10.” 

“Runway (Runway Number), check 

heading.” 

Ex: “Runway 7L, check heading.” 

“Heading set, (compass/HSI heading).” 

Ex: “Heading set, 070.” 

“200 feet, Stabilized, Continuing.” 

“200 feet, Not Stabilized, Going Around.” 

“Going Around.” 

“After Landing Checklist.” 

“After Landing Checklist Complete.” 

“Shutdown Checklist.” 

“Shutdown Checklist Complete.” 


12 PA-28R-201 SOP 

ACTION 

Instrument Approach: 

Precision Approach 

Non-Precision Approach 

GPS 

Outer Maker (OM)/ 

Final Approach Fix (FAF): 

Precision Approach 

Non-Precision Approach 

“Localizer Alive.” 

“Glide Slope Alive.” 

CALLOUT 

“CDI Alive.” 

“ADF Within 10 Degrees.” 

“Approach Mode ” Or specify GPS mode 

Ex: “LPV” or “LNAV” 

“Outer Marker, (GS Crossing Alt.)” 

Ex: “Outer Marker, 1,496” 

“Final Approach Fix.” 

1000 Feet Above DA(H)/MDA “1000 Feet Above DA(H)/MDA.” 



At MDA 

“Minimum Descent Altitude.” 

At DA(H): 

Runway (Visual Reference) In Sight 

Runway In Sight 

Runway Not In Sight 

“(Visual Reference) in Sight, Continuing.” 

“Runway in Sight, Landing.” 

“Missed Approach.” 

NOTE: “(Visual Reference)” applies to 

all items listed in 14 CFR Part 91.175. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 13 

STANDARD CALLOUTS - EMERGENCY 

ACTION 

Initiate Engine Failure During Takeoff Roll 

Checklist 

Completed Engine Failure During Takeoff 

Roll Checklist 

Initiate Engine Failure During Flight 

Checklist 

Completed Engine Failure During Flight 

Checklist 

Initiate Loss of Fuel Flow/Pressure 

Checklist 

Completed Loss of Fuel Flow/Pressure 

Checklist 

Initiate Engine Fire During Start Checklist 

Completed Engine Fire During Start 

Checklist 

Initiate Engine Fire In Flight Checklist 

Completed Engine Fire In Flight Checklist 

Initiate Electrical Fire In Flight Checklist 

Completed Electrical Fire in Flight 

Checklist 

Initiate Spin Recovery Checklist 

Completed Spin Recovery Checklist 

Initiate VAC Off or Low VAC Warning 

Illuminated Checklist 

Completed VAC Off or Low VAC Warning 

Illuminated Checklist 

CALLOUT 

“Engine Failure During Takeoff Roll 

Checklist.” 

“Engine Failure During Takeoff Roll 

Checklist Complete.” 

“Engine Failure During Flight Checklist.” 

“Engine Failure During Flight Checklist 

Complete.” 

“Loss of Fuel Flow/Pressure Checklist.” 

“Loss of Fuel Flow/Pressure Checklist 

Complete.” 

“Engine Fire During Start Checklist.” 

“Engine Fire During Start Checklist 

Complete.” 

“Engine Fire In Flight Checklist.” 

“Engine Fire In Flight Checklist 

Complete.” 

“Electrical Fire in Flight Checklist.” 

“Electrical Fire in Flight Checklist 

Complete.” 

“Spin Recovery Checklist.” 

“Spin Recovery Checklist Complete.” 

“VAC Off or Low VAC Warning 

Illuminated Checklist.” 

“VAC Off or Low VAC Warning 

Illuminated Checklist Complete.” 


14 PA-28R-201 SOP 

STANDARD CALLOUTS - ABNORMAL 

ACTION 

Initiate Propeller Overspeed Checklist 

Completed Propeller Overspeed 

Checklist 

Initiate Engine Roughness Checklist 

Completed Engine Roughness Checklist 

Initiate High Oil Temperature Checklist 

Completed High Oil Temperature 

Checklist 

Initiate Low Oil Pressure Checklist 

Completed Low Oil Pressure Checklist 

Initiate Landing Gear Unsafe Warnings 

Checklist 

Completed Landing Gear Unsafe 

Warnings Checklist 

Initiate Failure of Landing Gear to Retract 

Checklist 

Completed Failure of Landing Gear to 

Retract Checklist 

Initiate Manual Extension of Landing 

Gear Checklist 

Completed Manual Extension of Landing 

Gear Checklist 

Initiate Gear Up Landing Checklist 

Completed Gear Up Landing Checklist 

Initiate Electrical Overload Checklist 

Completed Electrical Overload Checklist 

Initiate Electrical Failure Checklist 

Completed Electrical Failure Checklist 

Initiate Cabin Door Open in Flight 

Checklist 

Completed Cabin Door Open in Flight 

Checklist 

Initiate Baggage Door Open in Flight 

Checklist 

Completed Baggage Door Open in Flight 

Checklist 

CALLOUT 

“Engine Propeller Overspeed.” 

“Propeller Overspeed Checklist 

Complete.” 

“Engine Roughness Checklist.” 

“Engine Roughness Checklist Complete.” 

“High Oil Temperature Checklist.” 

“High Oil Temperature Checklist 

Complete.” 

“Low Oil Pressure Checklist.” 

“Low Oil Pressure Checklist Complete.” 

“Landing Gear Unsafe Warnings 

Checklist.” 

“Landing Gear Unsafe Warnings 


“Failure of Landing Gear to Retract 

Checklist.” 

“Failure of Landing Gear to Retract 


“Manual Extension of Landing Gear 

Checklist.” 

“Manual Extension of Landing Gear 


“Gear Up Landing Checklist.” 

“Gear Up Landing Checklist Complete.” 

“Electrical Overload Checklist.” 

“Electrical Overload Checklist Complete.” 

“Electrical Failure Checklist.” 

“Electrical Failure Checklist Complete.” 

“Cabin Door Open in Flight Checklist.” 

“Cabin Door Open in Flight Checklist 

Complete.” 

“Baggage Door Open in Flight Checklist.” 

“Baggage Door Open in Flight Checklist 

Complete.” 


PA-28R-201 SOP 15 

PRIMING/STARTING PROCEDURES 

Cold Start – Oil Temperature below 180°F. 

1. ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP ................................ ON/CHECK PRESSURE 

2. MIXTURE CONTROL ............................... FULL FORWARD (Full Rich)/ 

(Fuel Flow Indication) IDLE CUT-OFF 

3. PRIME ................................................................................ COMPLETE 

Continue with ENGINE START FLOW 

Hot Start - Oil Temperature at or greater than 180°F. 

1. ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP ................................ ON/CHECK PRESSURE 

2. MIXTURE CONTROL .................................................... IDLE CUT-OFF 

3. THROTTLE ............................................................................ OPEN ½” 



If a flooded engine is suspected: 

1. ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP ................................................................ OFF 


3. THROTTLE ................................................................ FULL FORWARD 

4. STARTER .............................................................................. ENGAGE 

After engine starts: 

5. MIXTURE CONTROL ................................FULL FORWARD (Full Rich) 

6. THROTTLE ........................................................................... 1000 RPM 


NOTE 

If the engine fails to start, wait several minutes for the fuel to 

drain from the cylinders before attempting a subsequent 

restart. Waiting time will depend on ambient air temperatures, 

engine temperatures, and battery voltage. If a subsequent start 

attempt is unsuccessful, contact the Fleet Maintenance 

Department. 


16 PA-28R-201 SOP 

Fuel Vapor (Vapor Lock) 

Identification and Corrective Action 

Recognition of a Vapor Problem: 

Fluctuations of idle speed and fuel flow. 

Poor engine response to throttle movement. 

Engine will not run when throttle is in the Close position. 

High RPM drop (greater than 150 rpm) when checking magnetos. 

Corrective Action: 

1) Advance the throttle to obtain an engine speed of 2300-2500 RPM. 

2) Maintain that engine speed for 1-2 minutes, or until engine operation 

becomes smooth. Ensure that the oil temperature remains within the 

acceptable range. 

3) Retard the throttle to the Close position to verify normal engine 

operation. 

4) Advance the throttle to 1000 RPM and lean for taxi. 

5) Immediately prior to brake release for the takeoff roll (coordinate with 

ATC, as necessary), set the mixture control to the full forward (full 

rich) position, advance the throttle to full forward, and hold the 

airplane in position with full throttle for 10 seconds to ensure 

satisfactory engine operation. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 17 

LEANING PROCEDURES 

The following leaning procedures, developed for use during ground, climb, 

cruise, descent, and landing operations, are employed to aid in 

preventative maintenance and flight safety operations. 

With respect to the engine operation, utilization and adherence to these 

procedures are important, especially during high power settings and rich 

mixture settings, to prolong the engine life and to ensure flight safety. 

GROUND 

Confirm that the Mixture Control is in the Full Forward (Full Rich) 

position. 

Lean the mixture by slowly moving the Mixture Control back to the 

stop. 

TAKEOFF (High elevation airports only) 

At high elevation airports (at or above 3000’ MSL), prior to takeoff, 

lean the mixture only enough to obtain smooth engine operation. Use 

care not to overheat the engine. 

CLIMB 

Below 3000’ pressure altitude, leave the Mixture Control in the Full 

Forward (Full Rich) position. 

Above 3000’ pressure altitude, lean the mixture only enough to obtain 

smooth engine operation. 

CRUISE (at all altitudes) 

Local Flight: 

Set cruise power, then slowly move the Mixture Control back until a 

until a slight increase of airspeed is noted or engine operation 

becomes rough. 

Next, slowly move the Mixture Control forward to obtain smooth 

engine operation. 

Cross-Country Flight: 

Set cruise power, then lean the mixture using the Exhaust Gas 

Temperature (EGT) gauge to achieve engine operation at 100°F to 

the “rich” side of peak (best power). 


18 PA-28R-201 SOP 

MANEUVERS 

Ground Reference Maneuvers: 

Move the Mixture Control to the Full Forward (Full Rich) position. 

Other Maneuvers: 

Leave the Mixture Control in the established leaned position. 

DESCENT 

Slowly move the Mixture Control forward to enrichen the mixture 

during the descent. 

LANDING 

When operating VFR: 

Slowly move the Mixture Control to the Full Forward (Full Rich) 

position. 

Turn the Electric Fuel Pump ON when descending through 1000’ 

AGL. 

When operating IFR: 


position. 


AGL. 

All VFR airplanes entering the traffic pattern: 


position. 


AGL. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 19 

BRAKE/STEERING CHECKING PROCEDURES 

When first beginning to taxi, conduct a check of braking effectiveness by: 

Allowing the airplane to begin movement under power; then, 

Reduce the power to idle and depress the top portion of both rudder 

pedals (brake function) sufficiently to bring the airplane to a complete 

stop. 

Verify that the braking effort, braking action, and pedal travel are all 

satisfactory. 

Verify that the airplane steering is satisfactory by: 

Depressing the rudder pedal in the direction of turn desired 

Verify that the airplane responds properly to the rudder pedal input. 

NOTE 

When an Instructor Pilot (IP) is seated in either the left or right 

front seat, the IP shall conduct a separate check of 

braking/steering effectiveness from that seating position to 

ensure that the rudder pedals are functioning properly, 

effectively, and satisfactory. 

Ensure that the throttle is set at idle before initiating a positive 

exchange of the flight controls. 


20 PA-28R-201 SOP 



PA-28R-201 SOP 21 

Section 1: 

PRE-FLIGHT 

PROCEDURES 


22 PA-28R-201 SOP 

INITIAL AIRCRAFT ACCEPTANCE 

CLIPBOARD CHECK 

Verify that the aircraft Hobbs meter and Tachometer agree with what 

is entered on the condition board. 

Review past discrepancies and deferred items to ensure that no open 

discrepancies exist. 

Verify that all aircraft and equipment inspections are current 

including: 

100-hour inspection 

Annual Inspection 

24-month Transponder Test and Inspection 

24-month Altimeter, Pitot-Static System, and automatic pressure 

altitude reporting system (Mode C) Test and Inspection 

12-month ELT Inspection 

ELT Battery 

VOR Accuracy Check (if applicable) 

Survival Kit 

Check oil and fuel levels first to avoid any delays on departure. 

Clean the interior and exterior sides of the windshield with approved 

cleaning solution and towels. A clean windshield increases visibility 

and collision avoidance. Ensure that there are no cracks in the 

windshield. Do not place any item(s) (i.e. headsets, clipboard, etc.) 

on top of the glare shield panel, as this can scratch the windshield. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 23 



24 PA-28R-201 SOP 

PRE-FLIGHT FLOW 

3 

4 

1 

2 

5 

OBJECTIVE: 

To facilitate an effective preflight and determine aircraft air 

worthiness. 

1. Cabin Checklist 

2. Right Wing Checklist 

3. Forward Fuselage Checklist 

4. Left Wing Checklist 

5. Aft Fuselage and Empennage Checklist 


PA-28R-201 SOP 25 

PRE-FLIGHT CHECKLIST 

CABIN CHECKLIST 

1. GUST LOCKS (if installed) ..................................................... REMOVE 

2. GEAR SELECTOR ..................................................................... DOWN 

3. FIN STROBE (if installed) ................................................................. ON 

4. BATTERY MASTER SWITCH .......................................................... ON 

5. LANDING GEAR LIGHTS ........................... ILLUMINATED (3 GREEN) 

6. GEAR ALERT TEST SWITCH ............................................ PUSH/TEST 

7. FUEL GAUGES ......................................................................... CHECK 

8. ANNUNCIATOR PANEL .............................................................. TEST 

9. FLAPS ............................................................................... EXTEND 40° 

10. PITOT HEAT ............................................................................. CHECK 

11. EXTERIOR LIGHTS .................................................... ON/CHECK/OFF 

12. BATTERY MASTER SWITCH ........................................................ OFF 

13. RIGHT WING FUEL QUANTITY ............................................... CHECK 

14. ENGINE OIL QUANTITY ........................................................... CHECK 

15. LEFT WING FUEL QUANTITY .................................................. CHECK 

CALL FOR SERVICE IF REQUIRED 

16. DOCUMENTS ........................................................................... CHECK 

17. POH ................................................................................... AVAILABLE 

18. SEATBELT (as a control lock) ................................................ REMOVE 

19. PARKING BRAKE ........................................................................... SET 

20. FLIGHT CONTROLS .................................................. FREE/CORRECT 

21. FIRE EXTINGUISHER ............................................ CHECK/SECURED 

22. EMERGENCY GEAR LEVER............................................ UP/SECURE 

23. STABILATOR TRIM/RUDDER TRIM....................... CHECK/N (Neutral) 

24. ALTERNATE AIR SELECTOR ...................................................CLOSE 


26. PROPELLER CONTROL ........................................... FULL FORWARD 

27. THROTTLE ................................................................................CLOSE 

28. ALTERNATE STATIC SOURCE ...................................... ON/NORMAL 

29. IGNITION SWITCH ........................................................................ OFF 

30. FUEL SELECTOR ............................................... CHECK/L (Left) TANK 

31. STATIC SYSTEM ........................................................................DRAIN 

32. ELECTRICAL SWITCHES ............................................................. OFF 

33. ELT SWITCH ............................................................................ ARMED 

34. WINDOWS ......................................................................... CLEAN ALL 

35. CABIN CHECKLIST ........................................................... COMPLETE 


26 PA-28R-201 SOP 

1. GUST LOCKS (if equipped) REMOVE 

If equipped, REMOVE the GUST LOCKS from all flight control surfaces. 

Stow and secure the gust locks in the baggage compartment. 

CAUTION 

The ailerons or rudder will be damaged if moved with the gust 

locks installed. 

2. GEAR SELECTOR DOWN 

Verify that the GEAR SELECTOR is in the DOWN position to ensure that 

the landing gear will not attempt to retract when the battery master switch is 

turned ON. 

3. FIN STROBE (if installed) ON 

If installed, depress the FIN STROBE switch to the ON position. Leave all 

other exterior lights off. 

4. BATTERY MASTER SWITCH ON 

Depress the BATTERY MASTER SWITCH to the ON position to provide 

power to the main electrical bus and the tie bus. Listen for the turn 

coordinator gyro “spooling up” and confirm that the red warning flag on the 

instrument face is no longer visible (indicating proper operation). 

5. LANDING GEAR LIGHTS ILLUMINATED (3 GREEN) 

Verify that the three (3) green LANDING GEAR LIGHTS are 

ILLUMINATED. 

6. GEAR ALERT TEST SWITCH PUSH/TEST 

Momentarily push the GEAR ALERT TEST SWITCH located beneath the 

Landing Gear Selector. The “test okay” aural callout should be heard. If the 

“test okay” aural callout is not heard, notify Fleet Maintenance. 

7. FUEL GAUGES CHECK 

CHECK that both FUEL GAUGES are indicating properly and that the 

required amount of fuel for the flight is indicated (refer to the ERAU Flight 

Operations Manual for fuel requirements). If insufficient fuel is on board, 

contact ERAU Flight Data (Eagle Data) on 122.825 MHz to request aircraft 

servicing (Fuel Truck). 


PA-28R-201 SOP 27 

NOTE 

The fuel quantity indicators shall not substitute for visually 

checking fuel quantity. 

8. ANNUNCIATOR PANEL TEST 

Depress and hold the ANNUNCIATOR PANEL button to TEST that all 

indicators illuminate, including the red GEAR WARN light and the LOW 

VAC light on the AUX VAC Switch. After releasing test button, only the OIL 

VAC, and ALT lights should remain illuminated. 

9. FLAPS EXTEND 40° 

Verify that the area in the vicinity of the FLAPS is clear and then raise the 

flap control handle to EXTEND the flaps to the 40° position. 

10. PITOT HEAT CHECK 

NOTE 

For IFR only. 

Depress the PITOT HEAT switch to the ON position and CHECK that the 

pitot mast is warm to touch within 30 seconds. Depress the Pitot Heat 

switch to the OFF position. 

WARNING 

Ground operation of pitot heat should be limited to a maximum 

time of 3 minutes to avoid damaging the pitot heating unit. If 

the pitot heat has been on more than 30 seconds, DO NOT 

TOUCH THE PITOT MAST. Severe burns may occur. 

11. EXTERIOR LIGHTS ON/CHECK/OFF 

Turn ON and visually CHECK that all EXTERIOR LIGHTS appropriate to 

the flight are operating properly. Turn the Exterior Lights OFF after 

checking. 

Day: If any lights are inoperative, determine if they are required per 14 

CFR Part 91.205, 91.209, and 91.213. 

Night: In addition to the exterior lights, CHECK the interior cabin 

lighting. To adjust the panel lighting, turn both the radio and panel light 

rheostat controls, located on lower panel below the left control yoke, 


28 PA-28R-201 SOP 

clockwise to increase light intensity. CHECK the dome lighting with the 

BRIGHT-OFF-DIM switch located overhead. 

NOTE 

If flying from daylight into night, lighting required for night 

flight operations must be operative. 

Be courteous with the use of strobes. Avoid leaving exterior 

lights on longer than necessary while checking their operation 

to conserve battery life. Ensure required lights are operating in 

accordance with 14 CFR Part 91.205, 91.209, and 91.213. 

12. BATTERY MASTER SWITCH OFF 

Depress the BATTERY MASTER SWITCH to the OFF position to avoid 

inadvertent starting of the engine during preflight. 

13. RIGHT WING FUEL QUANTITY CHECK 

Visually CHECK the RIGHT WING FUEL QUANTITY. After checking, 

ensure that the fuel filler cap is secure with the handle parallel to the 

airplane’s longitudinal axis. 

NOTE 

Each fuel tank is equipped with a filler neck indicator tab to aid 

in determining fuel remaining when the tank is not full. Usable 

capacity when the fuel level is at the bottom of the tab is 25 

gallons. 

14. ENGINE OIL QUANTITY CHECK 

Visually CHECK the ENGINE OIL QUANTITY level [six (6) to eight (8) 

quarts] and ensure that the dipstick/filler cap is secured. Do not operate 

with less than six (6) quarts of oil. 

NOTE 

If the level is below six (6) quarts, obtain Exxon Elite 20W-50 oil 

from the ramp fuel truck or applicable FBO. Use Aeroshell 100 

(SAE 50) or equivalent, only if Exxon Elite 20W-50 is 

unavailable. 

15. LEFT WING FUEL QUANTITY CHECK 

Visually CHECK the LEFT WING FUEL QUANTITY. After checking, 

ensure that the fuel filler cap is secure with the handle parallel to the 

airplane’s longitudinal axis. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 29 

NOTE 

Each fuel tank is equipped with a filler neck indicator tab to aid 

in determining fuel remaining when the tank is not full. Usable 

capacity when the fuel level is at the bottom of the tab is 25 

gallons. 

CALL FOR SERVICE IF REQUIRED 

If insufficient fuel or oil is noted, contact ERAU Flight Data (Eagle 

Data) on 122.825 MHz to request aircraft servicing (Fuel Truck). 

16. DOCUMENTS CHECK 

CHECK that the Airworthiness Certificate and Aircraft Registration are on 

board the airplane. Verify the Registration has not expired. Verify that the 

DOCUMENTS have the correct registration number (“N” number) for the 

airplane. Ensure that the Airworthiness Certificate is clearly visible. 

17. POH AVAILABLE 

Ensure that the POH (Pilot Operating Handbook) for that airplane is 

AVAILABLE, including the weight and balance documentation (per 14 CFR 

Part 91.9). 

18. SEATBELT (as a control lock) REMOVE 

REMOVE the pilot side SEAT BELT from the control yoke to allow for 

freedom of movement of the flight controls. 

19. PARKING BRAKE SET 

SET the PARKING BRAKE by pulling the Parking Brake Lever aft, and then 

pushing the button. Do not depress the brake pedals while trying to 

engage the parking brake, as this will prevent the parking brake from 

working. 

CAUTION 

If the parking brake is not engaged, the airplane may roll on the 

ramp when tie-downs and chocks are removed. 

20. FLIGHT CONTROLS FREE/CORRECT 

Move the FLIGHT CONTROLS to their maximum travel in all directions 

(“Box Pattern”) to verify they are FREE/CORRECT and not restricted in 


30 PA-28R-201 SOP 

movement. Visually verify that the control surfaces move in the proper 

direction. 

NOTE 

To accomplish a “Box Pattern”, starting with the control yoke in 

the “wings level” position, move the control yoke full forward, 

then full left, then full aft, then full right, then full forward, then 

return to starting position. Ensure that control movement to 

the full positions are accomplished without abruptly 

(“slamming”) reaching the limits of travel. 

21. FIRE EXTINGUISHER CHECK/SECURED 

CHECK the FIRE EXTINGUISHER for proper charge (indicator pointing in 

the green) and the date of last inspection (within 1year). Verify that the fire 

extinguisher is SECURED by verifying the bracket latch is closed. 

22. EMERGENCY GEAR LEVER UP/SECURE 

Check the EMERGENCY GEAR LEVER (located between the front seats 

and to the left of the flap control handle) to ensure that it is in the UP 

position and SECURE. 

23. STABILATOR TRIM/RUDDER TRIM CHECK/N (Neutral) 

CHECK the STABILATOR TRIM and the RUDDER TRIM indicators and set 

the Stabilator trim to the N (Neutral) position. 

24. ALTERNATE AIR SELECTOR CLOSE 

Verify that the ALTERNATE AIR SELECTOR is in the CLOSE position. 

25. MIXTURE CONTROL IDLE CUT-OFF 

Verify that the MIXTURE CONTROL is in the IDLE CUT-OFF position to 

ensure that engine will not inadvertently start during preflight. 

26. PROPELLER CONTROL FULL FORWARD 

Verify that the PROPELLER CONTROL is in the FULL FORWARD 

position. 

27. THROTTLE CLOSE 

Verify that the THROTTLE is in the CLOSE position to help prevent the 

engine from inadvertently starting during the preflight. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 31 

28. ALTERNATE STATIC SOURCE ON/NORMAL 

Place the ALTERNATE STATIC SOURCE control valve, located below the 

left side of the instrument panel, to the ON position. A small increase on 

the altimeter and VSI may be noted. Return the alternate static source 

control valve to the NORMAL (OFF) position. 

29. IGNITION SWITCH OFF 

Verify that the IGNITION SWITCH is in the OFF position to avoid 

inadvertent engine starting during the preflight. 

30. FUEL SELECTOR CHECK/L (Left) TANK 

CHECK the FUEL SELECTOR for freedom of movement through all 

positions and return to the L (Left) TANK position. 

31. STATIC SYSTEM DRAIN 

DRAIN the STATIC SYSTEM pitot and static lines by pushing in on the 

buttons through separate drain valves located on the lower left side cabin 

wall adjacent to the pilot. 

32. ELECTRICAL SWITCHES OFF 

Verify that all ELECTRICAL SWITCHES, including the Radio Master and 

Panel Light Switches, are in the OFF position to avoid electrical surges 

through equipment when the Battery Master Switch is turned ON. 

33. ELT SWITCH ARMED 

Ensure that the ELT SWITCH is in the ARMED position. With the switch in 

the ON position, an ELT emergency signal will transmit. 

34. WINDOWS CLEAN ALL 

CLEAN ALL WINDOWS, including the windshield (both the interior and 

exterior sides), with ERAU approved cleaning solution and towels. When 

wiping the windows, use a linear motion parallel to the direction of airflow. 

A clean windshield increases visibility and collision avoidance, thereby 

enhancing safety. Ensure there are no cracks in the windshield. Do not 

place any items on top of panel as this can scratch the windshield. 

35. CABIN CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the CABIN CHECKLIST, verify that all items have been 

accomplished and that the checklist is COMPLETE. 

[Removed Note] 


32 PA-28R-201 SOP 

RIGHT WING CHECKLIST 

Start the exterior inspection at the right rear wing and proceed 

in a counter-clockwise direction. Emphasis and attention 

should be placed on all surface conditions including flight 

control surfaces and access panel security. Check surface 

areas around the aircraft for fluid leakage and foreign object 

damage (FOD). A flashlight is required for all preflight 

inspections conducted at night. 

1. FLAP/AILERON ...................................................................... INSPECT 

2. STATIC WICKS (3)................................................................. INSPECT 

3. WING TIP/LIGHTS ................................................................. INSPECT 

4. LEADING EDGE ..................................................................... INSPECT 

5. FUEL QUANTITY ...................................................... VERIFY (CHECK) 

6. TIE-DOWN/CHOCKS ............................................................. REMOVE 

7. FUEL TANK VENT .................................................................... CHECK 

8. MAIN GEAR ........................................................................... INSPECT 

9. RIGHT WING FUEL SUMP DRAIN (1) ....................................... DRAIN 

10. RIGHT WING CHECKLIST ................................................. COMPLETE 

1. FLAP/AILERON INSPECT 

INSPECT the FLAP and AILERON, checking for freedom of movement 

and/or security of the hinges and actuators. 

2. STATIC WICKS (3) INSPECT 

INSPECT the condition and security of the STATIC WICKS (3): one (1) on 

the flap and two (2) on the aileron. 

3. WING TIP/LIGHTS INSPECT 

INSPECT the WING TIP for dents and cracks. If a crack exists, verify that 

is has been stop drilled to prevent further cracking. INSPECT the condition 

of the strobe and position LIGHTS. 

4. LEADING EDGE INSPECT 

INSPECT the LEADING EDGE of the wing for dents and cracks. 

5. FUEL QUANTITY VERIFY (CHECK) 

VERIFY that the FUEL QUANTITY has been checked at least once since 

the last refueling. If the aircraft has been refueled since originally sampling 

the fuel, CHECK the fuel again for proper grade and for any debris. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 33 

6. TIE-DOWN/CHOCKS REMOVE 

Slowly REMOVE the TIE-DOWN to avoid any under wing damage and 

place the chain adjacent to, but not in, the indentation of the concrete 

around the chain’s ramp securing points (water accumulation in these 

areas will rust the chains). Place the CHOCKS over the chain’s ramp 

securing point to keep them away from the landing gear and propeller. 

7. FUEL TANK VENT CHECK 

CHECK that the FUEL TANK VENT (located on underside of wing) is 

unobstructed. The fuel tank vent provides a venting source to 

accommodate changing pressure in the fuel tank to ensure proper fuel flow. 

It is normal to see fuel or evidence of fuel (blue staining) at the vent due 

fuel expansion as its temperature increases. 

8. MAIN GEAR INSPECT 

INSPECT the MAIN GEAR and brake assembly for damage, cracks, 

hydraulic fluid, and brake pad wear. Check to see that the tire looks 

properly inflated, is free of “flat” spots from skidding, and no cord is 

showing. Check the main gear retraction mechanism for any 

obstruction(s). Check the Up Lock and Down Lock switches. Check the 

strut for proper strut inflation (2.50” ± .25”). Check the main gear door for 

security and any damage. Finally, check the external main gear 

components are secure with castle nuts and safety (cotter) pins. 

9. RIGHT WING FUEL SUMP DRAIN (1) DRAIN 

Using the fuel sample cup, DRAIN a small quantity of fuel from the RIGHT 

WING FUEL SUMP DRAIN (located on the inboard rear corner of the 

underside of the right wing). Check for water, sediment, and verify that the 

proper grade of fuel (100LL, Blue in color) is present. Water in the sample 

will be indicated by a clear amount of liquid at the bottom of the sampler 

cup (due to the greater density of water than fuel). Dispose of 

contaminated fuel in the fuel receptacles located on the east side of the 

ERAU ramp. Remove any residual water from inside of sampler cup and 

continue to take fuel samples until water is no longer present in any fuel 

sample. 

NOTE 

DO NOT DUMP FUEL ON THE RAMP. 

10. RIGHT WING CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the RIGHT WING CHECKLIST, verify that all items 

have been accomplished and that the checklist is COMPLETE. 


34 PA-28R-201 SOP 

FORWARD FUSELAGE CHECKLIST 

1. EXHAUST STACK .................................................................. INSPECT 

2. OIL COOLER INTAKE ............................................................ INSPECT 

3. OIL QUANTITY .......................................................... VERIFY (CHECK) 

4. PROPELLER/SPINNER ......................................................... INSPECT 

5. COOLING/INDUCTION INTAKE ............................................ INSPECT 

6. LANDING LIGHT .................................................................... INSPECT 

7. HEATER AIR INLET ............................................................... INSPECT 

8. NOSE GEAR .......................................................................... INSPECT 

9. TIE-DOWN (if used)................................................................ REMOVE 

10. ENGINE COWL ...................................................................... INSPECT 

11. FUEL STRAINER DRAIN (1)...................................................... DRAIN 

12. FORWARD FUSELAGE CHECKLIST ................................ COMPLETE 

1. EXHAUST STACK INSPECT 

INSPECT the EXHAUST STACK to ensure that it is SECURE and free of 

cracks. Verify that inside the exhaust stack is clear of any foreign objects. 

2. OIL COOLER INTAKE INSPECT 

INSPECT the OIL COOLER INTAKE to ensure that it is free of 

obstructions. 

3. OIL QUANTITY VERIFY (CHECK) 

VERIFY that the OIL QUANTITY has been checked. If oil has been added 

since originally checking, CHECK the oil again to ensure that the correct 

level has been attained. 

4. PROPELLER/SPINNER INSPECT 

WARNING 

Do not move the propeller. 

INSPECT the PROPELLER for nicks, cracks, and that each blade is 

secure. The SPINNER should be free of cracks and securely fastened with 

all of its attaching screws. Check for any oil leaks on back side of each 

blade from the propeller hub. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 35 

5. COOLING/INDUCTION INTAKE INSPECT 

INSPECT the engine COOLING AND INDUCTION INTAKE to ensure that 

the area is clear of any foreign objects. 

6. LANDING LIGHT INSPECT 

INSPECT the LANDING LIGHT for general condition and cracks. 

7. HEATER AIR INLET INSPECT 

INSPECT the HEATER AIR INLET to ensure that it is free of any 

obstructions. 

8. NOSE GEAR INSPECT 

INSPECT the NOSE GEAR springs and oleo strut for damage and cracks, 

and the retraction mechanism for obstructions. Check the Up Lock and 

Down Lock switches. Check the NOSE GEAR doors for condition and 

security. Check the nose strut for proper inflation (2.75” ± .25”). Inspect 

the shimmy damper for damage. Check to see that the tire is properly 

inflated and no cord is showing. Finally, check the external nose gear 

components are secure with castle nuts and safety (cotter) pins. 

9. TIE-DOWN (if used) REMOVE 

Slowly REMOVE the TIE-DOWN (if used) to avoid any under nose damage 

and place the chain adjacent to, but not in, the indentation of the concrete 


areas will rust the chains). 

10. ENGINE COWL INSPECT 

INSPECT the ENGINE COWL for security and that it is fastened with all of 

its attaching fasteners. There should be no deformation or damage to the 

surface of the cowling. Check around and under the cowl for excessive 

fluid/oil leaks. 

11. FUEL STRAINER DRAIN (1) DRAIN 

Using the fuel sample cup, DRAIN a small quantity of fuel from the FUEL 

STRAINER DRAIN (located on the left lower portion of the engine cowling). 

Check for water, sediment, and verify that the proper grade of fuel (100LL, 

Blue in color) is present. Water in the sample will be indicated by a clear 

amount of liquid at the bottom of the sampler cup (due to the greater 

density of water than fuel). Dispose of contaminated fuel in the fuel 

receptacles located on the east side of the ERAU ramp. Remove any 


36 PA-28R-201 SOP 

residual water from inside of sampler cup and continue to take fuel samples 

until water is no longer present in any fuel sample. 

NOTE 


12. FORWARD FUSELAGE CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the FORWARD FUSELAGE CHECKLIST, verify that all 

items have been accomplished and that the checklist is COMPLETE. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 37 

LEFT WING CHECKLIST 

1. LEFT WING FUEL SUMP DRAIN (1) ..........................................DRAIN 

2. MAIN GEAR ........................................................................... INSPECT 

3. FUEL TANK VENT .................................................................... CHECK 

4. TIE-DOWN/CHOCKS ............................................................. REMOVE 

5. FUEL QUANTITY ...................................................... VERIFY (CHECK) 

6. LEADING EDGE .................................................................... INSPECT 

7. STALL WARNING VANE .......................................................... CHECK 

8. PITOT MAST ............................................................................. CHECK 

9. WING TIP/LIGHTS ................................................................. INSPECT 

10. AILERON/FLAP ...................................................................... INSPECT 

11. STATIC WICKS (3) ................................................................ INSPECT 

12. LEFT WING CHECKLIST ................................................... COMPLETE 

1. LEFT WING FUEL SUMP DRAIN (1) DRAIN 

Using the fuel sample cup, DRAIN a small quantity of fuel from the LEFT 

WING FUEL SUMP DRAIN (located on the inboard rear corner of the 

underside of the left wing). Check for water, sediment, and verify that the 

proper grade of fuel (100LL, Blue in color) is present. Water in the sample 

will be indicated by a clear amount of liquid at the bottom of the sampler 

cup (due to the greater density of water than fuel). Dispose of 

contaminated fuel in the fuel receptacles located on the east side of the 

ERAU ramp. Remove any residual water from inside of sampler cup and 

continue to take fuel samples until water is no longer present in any fuel 

sample. 

NOTE 


2. MAIN GEAR INSPECT 

INSPECT the MAIN GEAR and brake assembly for damage, cracks, 

hydraulic fluid, and brake pad wear. Check to see that the tire looks 

properly inflated, is free of “flat” spots from skidding, and no cord is 

showing. Check the main gear retraction mechanism for any 

obstruction(s). Check the Up Lock and Down Lock switches and the Squat 

switch. Check the strut for proper strut inflation (2.50” ± .25”). Check the 

main gear door for security and any damage. Finally, check the external 

main gear components are secure with castle nuts and safety (cotter) pins. 


38 PA-28R-201 SOP 

3. FUEL TANK VENT CHECK 

CHECK that the FUEL TANK VENT (located on underside of wing) is 

unobstructed. The fuel tank vent provides a venting source to 

accommodate changing pressure in the fuel tank to ensure proper fuel flow. 

It is normal to see fuel or evidence of fuel (blue staining) at the vent due 

fuel expansion as its temperature increases. 

4. TIE-DOWN/CHOCKS REMOVE 

Slowly REMOVE the TIE-DOWN to avoid any under wing damage and 



areas will rust the chains). Place the CHOCKS over the chain’s ramp 

securing point to keep them away from the landing gear and propeller. 

5. FUEL QUANTITY VERIFY (CHECK) 

VERIFY that the FUEL QUANTITY has been checked at least once since 

the last refueling. If the aircraft has been refueled since originally sampling 

the fuel, CHECK the fuel again for proper grade and for any debris. 

6. LEADING EDGE INSPECT 

INSPECT the LEADING EDGE of the wing for dents and cracks. 

7. STALL WARNING VANE CHECK 

CHECK the STALL WARNING VANE for freedom of movement and ensure 

that it is unobstructed. Listen for microswitch contact. 

8. PITOT MAST CHECK 

CHECK the PITOT MAST mounting and verify that the ram air intake and 

the drain hole are free of obstructions, and, if applicable, that the static port, 

located on the back of the mast, is free of any obstruction. 

9. WING TIP/LIGHTS INSPECT 

INSPECT the WING TIP for dents and cracks. If a crack exists, verify that 

is has been stop drilled to prevent further cracking. INSPECT the condition 

of the strobe and position LIGHTS. 

10. AILERON/FLAP INSPECT 

INSPECT the AILERON and FLAP, checking for freedom of movement 

and/or security of the hinges and actuators. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 39 


INSPECT the condition and security of the STATIC WICKS (3): one (1) on 

the flap and two (2) on the aileron. 

12. LEFT WING CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the LEFT WING CHECKLIST, verify that all items have 

been accomplished and that the checklist is COMPLETE. 


40 PA-28R-201 SOP 

AFT FUSELAGE AND EMPENNAGE CHECKLIST 

1. LEFT STATIC VENT ............................................................... INSPECT 

2. FRESH AIR INLET ................................................................. INSPECT 

3. VERTICAL STABILIZER/RUDDER ......................................... INSPECT 

4. HORIZONTAL STABILATOR/TRIM TAB ................................ INSPECT 

5. STATIC WICKS (3)................................................................. INSPECT 

6. TIE-DOWN ............................................................................. REMOVE 

7. RIGHT STATIC VENT ............................................................ INSPECT 

8. EXTERNAL POWER ACCESS PANEL ..................................... CHECK 

9. SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT ...................................................... SECURED 

10. BAGGAGE DOOR ................................................... CLOSED/LOCKED 

11. ANTENNAS ............................................................................ INSPECT 

12. 360° WALK-AROUND ........................................................ COMPLETE 

13. AFT FUSELAGE AND EMPENNAGE CHECKLIST ............ COMPLETE 

1. LEFT STATIC VENT INSPECT 

INSPECT the LEFT STATIC VENT opening to ensure that it is is clear of 

obstructions in order to supply ambient air pressure to the static system. 

2. FRESH AIR INLET INSPECT 

INSPECT the FRESH AIR INLET to ensure that it is clear of any 

obstructions in order to allow airflow to the cabin. 

3. VERTICAL STABILIZER/RUDDER INSPECT 

INSPECT the VERTICAL STABILIZER and RUDDER, checking for the 

condition of the rudder trim tab and ensuring that all hinges and push rods 

are sound and operational. Do not move the rudder. 

4. HORIZONTAL STABILATOR/TRIM TAB INSPECT 

INSPECT the HORIZONTAL STABILATOR and TRIM TAB, checking for 

freedom of movement and security, including hinges and control cables. 


INSPECT the condition and security of the STATIC WICKS (3): two (2) on 

the stabilator and one (1) on the rudder. 

6. TIE-DOWN REMOVE 

Slowly REMOVE the TIE-DOWN to avoid any under fuselage damage and 



PA-28R-201 SOP 41 


areas will rust the chains). 

7. RIGHT STATIC VENT INSPECT 

INSPECT the RIGHT STATIC VENT opening to ensure that it is clear of 

obstructions in order to supply ambient air pressure to the static system. 

8. EXTERNAL POWER ACCESS PANEL CHECK 

CHECK the EXTERNAL POWER ACCESS PANEL to ensure that it is 

closed and secure. 

9. SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT SECURED 

Verify that the SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT, including the survival kit, is on 

board, has not expired, and has a safety tag and it is not broken. Verify any 

cargo (including the Survival Equipment) in the baggage area has been 

SECURED with the cargo safety straps to prevent shifting during flight. 

10. BAGGAGE DOOR CLOSED/LOCKED 

Ensure the BAGGAGE DOOR is CLOSED and LOCKED in order to 

prevent inadvertent opening during flight. 

11. ANTENNAS INSPECT 

INSPECT all communication, navigation, and ELT ANTENNAS for security 

and to ensure none are damaged. Also inspect the landing gear alert 

system’s transducer antenna. 

12. 360° WALK-AROUND COMPLETE 

COMPLETE a 360° WALK-AROUND inspection of the airplane in the 

direction opposite (clockwise) of the direction the airplane was preflighted 

to ensure that no items (tie downs, fuel caps, chocks, etc.) were missed. 

13. AFT FUSELAGE AND EMPENNAGE CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the AFT FUSELAGE AND EMPENNAGE CHECKLIST, 

verify that all items have been accomplished and that the checklist is 

COMPLETE. 


42 PA-28R-201 SOP 

RAMP OUT CHECKLIST 


2. RADIO MASTER SWITCH ............................................................... ON 

3. CLEARANCE ............................................................................ OBTAIN 

4. FLIGHT DATA (Eagle Data) ................................................ RAMP OUT 

5. RADIO MASTER SWITCH ............................................................. OFF 


7. RAMP OUT CHECKLIST .................................................... COMPLETE 


Depress the BATTERY MASTER SWITCH to the ON position. 

2. RADIO MASTER SWITCH ON 

Depress the RADIO MASTER SWITCH to the ON position. 

3. CLEARANCE OBTAIN 

Monitor and record ATIS. Then, contact KDAB Clearance Delivery to 

OBTAIN a VFR or IFR departure CLEARANCE. Verify that the clearance 

contains all the required items and will not cause you to deviate from any 

FAA regulation, ERAU policy, or put the aircraft in jeopardy. 

4. FLIGHT DATA (Eagle Data) RAMP OUT 

Contact ERAU FLIGHT DATA (Eagle Data) on 122.825 MHz to RAMP 

OUT by providing the aircraft’s Hobbs and Tach time. The readings 

provided should match the clipboard entries. Copy and read back the “dueback” 

time. 

5. RADIO MASTER SWITCH OFF 

Depress the RADIO MASTER SWITCH to the OFF position. 


Depress the BATTERY MASTER SWITCH to the OFF position. 

7. RAMP OUT CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the RAMP OUT CHECKLIST, verify that all items have 



PA-28R-201 SOP 43 

Section 2: 

NORMAL PROCEDURES 


44 PA-28R-201 SOP 

BEFORE START FLOW 

1 

2 

3 

15 

14 

12 11 10 

13 

7 

8 

9 

6 

4 5 

OBJECTIVE: 

To configure the aircraft in preparation for engine start. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 45 

BEFORE START CHECKLIST 

1. PASSENGER/CREW BRIEFING ....................................... COMPLETE 

2. AIRPORT DIAGRAM ................................. REVIEW/KEEP AVAILABLE 

3. FUEL SELECTOR ........................................................ FULLEST TANK 


5. FLAPS .............................................................................. RETRACT 0° 

6. CIRCUIT BREAKERS ........................................................................ IN 

7. FIN STROBE (if installed) ................................................................. ON 




11. THROTTLE ............................................................................ OPEN ¼” 

12. GEAR SELECTOR ........................................................ VERIFY DOWN 


14. PANEL LIGHTS ...................................................................... OFF (ON) 

15. SEATBELTS/HARNESSES .............................................................. ON 

16. BEFORE START CHECKLIST ........................................... COMPLETE 

1. PASSENGER/CREW BRIEFING COMPLETE 

COMPLETE the PASSENGER and CREW BRIEFING as appropriate: 

PASSENGER BRIEFING 

Seatbelts (Operation) 

Air Vents 

(Location/Operation) 

Fire Extinguisher 

(Location) 

Exit Use (Location) 

Survival Kit (Location) 

Traffic Watch (Clock 

Reference/Notification) 

CREW BRIEFING 

Airport Diagram 

ATIS/AWOS/FSS 

Runway(s) in use 

Crosswind Component 

Takeoff/Accelerate Stop Distance 

Departure/Taxi Clearance 

V A 

Who is P-I-C 

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls 

Sterile Cockpit 

Safe Attitude 

2. AIRPORT DIAGRAM REVIEW/KEEP AVAILABLE 

REVIEW an AIRPORT DIAGRAM of the runways/taxiways and where you 

are located on the airport. Verify that you are able to comply with all taxi 

clearances received from ATC. At non-towered airports, determine the 

best taxi route to the departure runway considering wind conditions and 


46 PA-28R-201 SOP 

local traffic. KEEP the airport diagram AVAILABLE for reference 

throughout the taxi. 

3. FUEL SELECTOR FULLEST TANK 

Verify that the FUEL SELECTOR is positioned on the FULLEST TANK. 





5. FLAPS RETRACT 0° 

Before changing the flap position on the ground, verify that you have the 

flap control handle and call out, “Flaps Identified”. Wait for the IP to 

respond, “Flaps Verified”, then RETRACT the FLAPS the the 0° position. 

Visually verify that the flaps move towards and stop in the fully retracted 

position and call out, “Flaps Up.” Wait for the IP to respond, “Flaps Up, 

Verified.” 

NOTE 

Although the PA-28R-201 Gear Selector and Flap Control 

Handle are distinguishable, a positive transfer of training will 

occur from this aircraft to other aircraft where the landing gear 

and flap controls may be similar. 

If the flaps fail to retract by its spring return mechanism, return 

the Flap Control Handle at the next lowest notch to the actual 

flap position (e.g., flaps at 40°, leave the Flap Control Handle at 

the 25° position) to avoid having the flaps retract suddenly to 

the 0° position, which may result in flap damage. 

6. CIRCUIT BREAKERS IN 

Visually verify that all CIRCUIT BREAKERS are IN by running your hand 

across the circuit breaker panel to confirm. Do not reset a “popped” circuit 

breaker more than one time to avoid the possibility of an electrical fire. 

7. FIN STROBE (if installed) ON 

If installed, verify that the FIN STROBE switch is in the ON position to 

indicate engine starting in progess. If a Fin Strobe is not installed, use the 

anti-collision light (Strobe Lights). Turn the anti-collision lights (Strobe 

Lights) Off after the engine has started. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 47 

For night operations (from sunset to sunrise), if a Fin Strobe is not installed, 

depress the Nav Lights switch to the ON position. 


Verify that the ALTERNATE AIR SELECTOR is in the CLOSE position. 


Verify that the MIXTURE CONTROL is in the IDLE CUT-OFF position. 



position. 

11. THROTTLE OPEN ¼” 

Set the THROTTLE OPEN ¼'' from the Close position to allow the fuel/air 

mixture to reach the cylinders for engine start. 

NOTE 

If the engine starts with throttle open more than ¼”, a surge to a 

higher RPM prior will be experienced without prior oil being 

circulated potentially resulting in internal engine damage. 

12. GEAR SELECTOR VERIFY DOWN 

VERIFY that the GEAR SELECTOR is in the DOWN position. 





working. 

WARNING 

The parking brake should not be relied on solely to keep the 

aircraft stationary. Apply and maintain brake pressure 

continually throughout the engine starting procedures. 

14. PANEL LIGHTS OFF (ON) 

Except for night operations, ensure that the PANEL LIGHTS rheostat 

switches are in the OFF position. For night operations, ensure that the 


48 PA-28R-201 SOP 

panel light rheostat switches are in the ON position and that the light levels 

are adjusted as appropriate. 

15. SEATBELTS/HARNESSES ON 

Ensure that passenger SEATBELTS and shoulder HARNESSES are ON 

and adjusted (per 14 CFR Part 91.107). 

16. BEFORE START CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the BEFORE START CHECKLIST, verify that all items 



PA-28R-201 SOP 49 



50 PA-28R-201 SOP 

ENGINE START FLOW 

4 

1 2 

9 

3 

7 

5 6 

8 

OBJECTIVE: 

To safely and efficiently start the engine. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 51 

ENGINE START CHECKLIST 

[Removed Note] 


2. ALTERNATOR SWITCH .................................................................. ON 


4. PROP AREA .............................................................................. CLEAR 

5. STARTER .............................................................................. ENGAGE 


7. THROTTLE ........................................................................... 1000 RPM 

8. MIXTURE ..................................................................................... LEAN 

9. OIL PRESSURE ........................................................................ CHECK 


11. AMMETER/ANNUNCIATORS ................................................... CHECK 

12. ENGINE START CHECKLIST ............................................ COMPLETE 


Depress the BATTERY MASTER SWITCH to the ON position to provide 

power to the main electrical bus and the tie bus. 

2. ALTERNATOR SWITCH ON 

Depress the ALTERNATOR SWITCH to the ON position to allow the 

alternators to energize after the engines are started. 

3. PRIME COMPLETE 

COMPLETE the appropriate procedure (see page 15) to PRIME the engine 

before attempting to start the engine. 

4. PROP AREA CLEAR 

Visually check that the PROP AREA and all quadrants around the aircraft is 

clear from personnel or obstructions (i.e. chocks, tie-downs, etc.) and call 

out, “Clear Prop.” Allow time for any response prior to starting the engine. 

NOTE 

Headsets must not be worn until after engine start to ensure 

hearing any response from the callout, or to immediately hear 

any abnormal sound after engine start (i.e., starter failing to 

disengage, cylinder misfire, etc.). If an adjacent aircraft is being 

fueled, wait until the fueling process is complete before starting 

the engine. 


52 PA-28R-201 SOP 

5. STARTER ENGAGE 

With the prop area remaining clear, no response from the callout, the key 

installed in the ignition switch, the throttle positioned appropriately, and the 

Mixture Control held, turn the key in the spring-loaded ignition switch 

clockwise to the “Start” position to ENGAGE the STARTER. 

6. MIXTURE CONTROL FULL FORWARD (Full Rich) 

Once the engine starts, smoothly move the MIXTURE CONTROL to the 

FULL FORWARD (Full Rich) position while simultaneously releasing the 

key to allow it to return to the “Both” position to cease starter operation, and 

to allow the engine to operate on both magnetos. 

CAUTION 

To prevent starter damage, limit starter cranking to 10 seconds, 

followed by a 20 second rest (“cool down”) period between 

engine cranking attempts. Maximum of six (6) start periods 

allowed. If engine start is not achieved on the sixth attempt, 

contact Fleet Maintenance. After the sixth attempt, the starter 

must be allowed to cool for thirty (30) minutes before 

attempting to start the engine again. 

7. THROTTLE 1000 RPM 

Adjust the THROTTLE to set 1000 RPM immediately to avoid high power 

settings without oil being circulated in the engine. 

8. MIXTURE LEAN 

LEAN the MIXTURE by slowly bringing the Mixture Control aft to the stop. 

9. OIL PRESSURE CHECK 

CHECK the OIL PRESSURE gauge to observe an increase in pressure 

normally within 30 seconds after engine start. Allow no more than 45 

seconds when engine starting in cold ambient air temperatures. 

CAUTION 

If no rise in oil pressure is observed, immediately shut down 

the engine to avoid damage. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 53 

10. ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP OFF 

Depress the ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP switch to the OFF position and check 

that the fuel pressure decreases slightly. 

11. AMMETER/ANNUNCIATORS CHECK 

CHECK the AMMETER for indication of an appropriate load. 

CAUTION 

If the starter contactor remains closed after engine start 

(causing the starter to remain engaged), an excessively high 

load indication will be indicated. In this event, immediately shut 

down the engine and contact the Fleet Maintenance 

Department. 

Do not attempt flight if there is no indication of primary 

alternator output. 

After the engine has been started, CHECK to ensure that all 

ANNUNCIATOR lights are extinguished. 

12. ENGINE START CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the ENGINE START CHECKLIST, verify that all items 



54 PA-28R-201 SOP 

BEFORE TAXI FLOW 

3 

5 

4 

2 

1 

6 

OBJECTIVE: 

To configure systems and radios prior to taxiing. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 55 

BEFORE TAXI CHECKLIST 

Accomplish prior to commencing taxi. 

1. FUEL SELECTOR ....................................................... SWITCH TANKS 

2. RADIO MASTER SWITCH ............................................................... ON 

3. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ................................................... CHECK/SET 

4. AUX VACUUM PUMP ................................................ ON/VERIFY/OFF 

5. AVIONICS ....................................................................................... SET 

6. PARKING BRAKE ................................................................. RELEASE 

7. BEFORE TAXI CHECKLIST ............................................... COMPLETE 

1. FUEL SELECTOR SWITCH TANKS 

Depress the Electric Fuel Pump switch to the ON position, and then 

SWITCH TANKS by placing the FUEL SELECTOR to the position 

corresponding to the fuel tank not selected for engine starting. Verify check 

that the fuel flow/pressure gauge indicates between 2.0 - 21.4 GPH/.05 - 12 

psi. 

2. RADIO MASTER SWITCH ON 

Depress the RADIO MASTER SWITCH to the ON position to allow 

electrical current to flow from the from the primary bus to the avionics bus, 

which includes the communications radios, navigation radios, and the 

transponder. 

3. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS CHECK/SET 

Verify that the clock is operating and indicating the current time, and that 

the adjustable FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS are set to current, available 

information (as per 14 CFR Part 91.205). 

IFR CONSIDERATIONS 

For IFR flight, the pitot-static instruments must be checked and within 

acceptable limits before taxi. Gyroscopic instruments and the 

magnetic compass should be checked while turning in both directions 

during taxi after leaving the ramp. 

Pitot-Static Instruments 

- The Airspeed Indicator should indicate zero. 

- The Altimeter should be within ±75 feet of known elevation when 

set to the local altimeter setting (elevations are shown on airport 

diagrams). 


56 PA-28R-201 SOP 

- The Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) should indicate zero, or if an 

error is noted, note the error and use as the zero reference point. 

Gyroscopic Instruments 

- The Attitude Indicator should indicate no more than 5° of 

precession in pitch and bank. 

- The Turn Coordinator should indicate a bank in the direction of 

turn, with the ball (inclinometer) to the outside of the turn. The Off 

flag should not appear. 

- The Heading Indicator Compass Card must indicate a change in 

heading consistent with the direction the aircraft is turning. 

Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) 

To test the HSI: 

- Select “Free” mode 

- Flip the CW/CCW switch to CW and verify that the HSI turns clockwise 

- Flip the CW/CCW switch to CCW and verify that the HSI turns 

counter-clock-wise 

- Continue the CCW turn past a known heading 

- Return the switch to the “Slave” mode (the HSI heading should 

automatically correct to the magnetic heading. 

Magnetic Compass 

- The Magnetic Compass housing should contain full fluid, swing 

freely, and indicate known headings. 

- The Compass Deviation Card must be in place and readable. 

4. AUX VACUUM PUMP ON/VERIFY/OFF 

Turn on the AUX VACCUM PUMP and verify that the AUX ON light is 

illuminated and an electrical load increase of approximately 15 amps on the 

ammeter. Turn off the AUX VACCUM PUMP and verify that the AUX ON 

light has extinguished. 

5. AVIONICS SET 

SET the AVIONICS as follows: 

- Marker Beacon: Test the Anunciators and set to the L (low sensitivity) 

position. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 57 

- GPS: Initialize the GPS and make the appropriate entries for the flight. 

Verify the database is up to date. 

- Comm Radios: Ensure both comm radios are operating (transmitting 

and receiving) properly by alternating their uses with ATC. For example, 

tune in the ground frequency in the opposite comm radio from the one 

used to ramp out and receive ATIS. This will ensure that both comm 

radios are operating properly. 

- NAV 1: Depress the NAV 1 speaker switch (after turning the volume 

down) and ID the appropriate frequency by using the ID/Volume knob. 

Next, check the needle swing and flag “flip” on the CDI. Finally, set the 

departure radial. 

- NAV 2: Follow the same procedure as NAV 1, but include the next radial 

in the departure as appropriate. 

NOTE 

At airports where a VOT is available, the NAV radios may be 

checked using the VOT. If unable to identify the NAVs on the 

ground, try again in another position such as the run-up area, 

or, if necessary, wait until airborne, although, this increases 

workload in the air and should be planned for accordingly. 

- DME (if equipped): Verify that the mode select switch is on the desired 

NAV and identify the signal. 

- ADF (if equipped): Tune the expected frequency and identify the signal. 

Check the needle swing with the test or ANT function. Ensure that the 

moveable card is in the appropriate position. Verify that the switch is in 

the ADF position. 

- Transponder: Ensure that the assigned code is set in the transponder 

and test the operation of the transponder with the TEST function. This 

checks the operation of the unit and, if functioning properly, a reply lamp 

will illuminate. 

NOTE 

Recheck that each COM/NAV frequencies and HSI/CDI is set for 

departure. Just before takeoff, review the VFR/IFR departure by 

mentally flying it, including headings, altitudes and navigation. 


58 PA-28R-201 SOP 

6. PARKING BRAKE RELEASE 

To RELEASE the PARKING BRAKE, pull the Parking Brake Lever aft to 

unlock and then allow the lever to move fully forward. Do not depress the 

button. 

7. BEFORE TAXI CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the BEFORE TAXI CHECKLIST, verify that all items 



PA-28R-201 SOP 59 



60 PA-28R-201 SOP 

BEFORE TAKEOFF “RUN-UP” FLOW 

3 

11 

4 

8 

2 

1 

7 

9 10 12 

6 5 13 

14 

16 15 

OBJECTIVE: 

To systematically check aircraft and engine systems prior to takeoff. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 61 

BEFORE TAKEOFF “RUN-UP” CHECKLIST 


2. FLIGHT CONTROLS .................................................. FREE/CORRECT 

3. ELECTRIC TRIM (if installed) .................................................... CHECK 




7. THROTTLE ........................................................................... 2000 RPM 

8. MAGNETOS (175/50) ............................................................... CHECK 

9. PROPELLER .............................................................................. CYCLE 

10. ALTERNATOR .......................................................................... CHECK 

11. ENGINE INSTRUMENTS/ANNUNCIATORS ............................. CHECK 

12. ALTERNATE AIR SELECTOR ....................................... OPEN/CHECK 



15. THROTTLE ........................................................................... 1000 RPM 

16. MIXTURE ..................................................................................... LEAN 

17. BEFORE TAKEOFF “RUN-UP” CHECKLIST ..................... COMPLETE 





working. 

WARNING 

Do not rely on the parking brake solely to keep the aircraft 

stationary. Apply and maintain brake pressure continually 

throughout the engine run-up procedures. 

2. FLIGHT CONTROLS FREE/CORRECT 

Accomplish a “box check” by moving the yoke full travel in all directions and 

check for full movement of the rudder in both directions. This will ensure 

that all FLIGHT CONTROLS are FREE and CORRECT, and move within 

their full limits without any restrictions. 


62 PA-28R-201 SOP 

3. ELECTRIC TRIM (if installed) CHECK 

CHECK the ELECTRIC TRIM as follows: 

a. Depress the Electric Trim On/Off switch to the ON position. 

b. Depress the split pilot yoke-mounted Electric Trim switches 

simultaneously forward, then aft, verifying each time that the 

stabilator trim wheel and its indicator moves in the appropriate 

direction. 

c. While moving the stabilator trim in either direction, verify that the 

control yoke cut-off switch disables the Electric Trim function. 

d. While depressing the Electric Trim interrupt switch, verify that the 

stabilator trim wheel stops. Verify that the stabiltor trim wheel moves 

in the appropriate direction when the trim interrupt switch is released. 

e. Depress the Electric Trim On/Off switch to the OFF position and 

depress the split pilot yoke-mounted Electric Trim switches 

simultaneously forward and aft, each time verifying that the stabilator 

trim wheel and its indicator does not move. This test ensures that the 

Electric Trim will disengage in the event of an Electric Trim 

malfunction. 

f. Depress the Electric Trim On/Off switch to the ON position. 


Verify that the FUEL SELECTOR is positioned on the FULLEST TANK. 


Place the MIXTURE CONTROL to the FULL FORWARD (Full Rich) 

position. 



position. 


After checking that the area behind the aircraft is clear, check engine 

instruments and smoothly move the THROTTLE forward to set 2000 RPM. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 63 

8. MAGNETOS (175/50) CHECK 

CHECK the MAGNETOS by rotating the key in the ignition switch to the R 

(Right) magneto position and noting engine RPM. Rotate the key to return 

to the Both position (to ensure clearing the spark plugs on the other 

magneto). Then, rotate the key to the L (Left) magneto position and note 

the engine RPM. Rotate the key to return to the BOTH position. RPM drop 

for either magneto should not exceed 175 RPM, nor should the difference 

in RPM between the two magnetos exceed 50 RPM. 

NOTE 

After checking one magneto, do not check the other magneto 

until the engine returns to 2000 RPM. Keep engine operation on 

one magneto to a minimum. Ensure that the key is in the Both 

position after the magneto check. 

If a fouled spark plug is suspected: 1) Smoothly advance the 

throttle to set 2300 RPM, 2) Lean the mixture to obtain a 100 

RPM decrease for 45-60 seconds; 3) Enrichen the mixture to 

FULL RICH, 4) Smoothly reduce the throttle to set 2000 RPM; 

then, 5) Proceed with the magneto check. 

NOTE 

Vapor may form in the fuel system during ground operations 

when ambient temperature exceeds 85°F. See page 16 for 

procedures. 

9. PROPELLER CYCLE 

To check propeller operation, CYCLE the PROPELLER by moving the 

Propeller Control fully aft and then forward to observe a decrease in RPM 

(Tachometer). 

CAUTION 

N 

Allow no more than a 500 RPM decrease to avoid subjecting the 

cylinder heads to an unnecessarily high manifold pressure 

which could cause internal engine damage. 

Allow the engine speed to stabilize at 2000 RPM before each 

subsequent check. 


64 PA-28R-201 SOP 

10. ALTERNATOR CHECK 

Check the ammeters for normal indications. 

CAUTION 

Do not turn the alternator off to check ammeter loads. 

11. ENGINE INSTRUMENTS/ANNUNCIATORS CHECK 

CHECK the following ENGINE INSTRUMENTS: 

- Ammeters and Vacuum Gauge: Check that the ammeter is 

indicating a load (at least for normal battery charging). Verify that the 

suction gauge is indicating between 4.8” to 5.1” Hg to ensure that 

adequate vaccum is being provided. 

- Oil Pressure and Oil Temperature Gauges: Verify that the oil 

pressure gauge is indicating between 60-90 psi and the oil 

temperature gauge is indicating between 75°-245° F. 

- Fuel Flow/Pressure and Fuel Quantity Guages: Verify that the fuel 

flow/pressure gauge is indicating between 2 – 21.4 GPH/.05 – 12 psi. 

Check the fuel quantity guages for proper indications. 

Check that all ANNUNCIATOR lights are extinguished. 

12. ALTERNATE AIR SELECTOR OPEN/CHECK 

Move the ALTERNATE AIR SELECTOR to the OPEN position to CHECK 

that the engine continues to operate. 


With the Alternate Air Selector in the Open position, smoothly reduce the 

THROTTLE to the CLOSE position and check engine operation. The 

engine should operate smoothly at 500-600 RPM. 


Move the ALTERNATE AIR SELECTOR to the CLOSE position and check 

engine operation. 


Smoothly move the THROTTLE forward to set 1000 RPM. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 65 


LEAN the MIXTURE by slowly bringing the Mixture Control aft to the stop. 

17. BEFORE TAKEOFF “RUN-UP” CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the BEFORE TAKEOFF “RUN-UP” CHECKLIST, verify 

that all items have been accomplished and that the checklist is 

COMPLETE. 


66 PA-28R-201 SOP 

BEFORE TAKEOFF FLOW 

7 

6 

1 

2 

8 

5 

4 

3 

OBJECTIVE: 

To configure the aircraft for departure. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 67 

BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECKLIST 

Complete the Before Takeoff and Before Takeoff “Final Items” 

Flows and Checklists for EACH takeoff. 

1. PRE-TAKEOFF BRIEFING ................................................ COMPLETE 

2. FUEL SELECTOR ................................................... VERIFY POSITION 

3. STABILATOR TRIM/RUDDER TRIM............................ N (Neutral)/SET 


5. FLAPS ............................................................................... SET/VERIFY 

6. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS/AVIONICS ............................................... SET 

7. CABIN DOOR/STORM WINDOW ................................. CLOSE/LATCH 


[Removed Item] 

9. BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECKLIST ...................................... COMPLETE 

1. PRE-TAKEOFF BRIEFING COMPLETE 

Provide a verbal PRE-TAKEOFF BRIEFING that covers how emergency 

situations would be handled during takeoff (see the Sample Pre-Takeoff 

Briefing below). Complete the briefing by clarifying who will be Pilot in 

Command. 

Sample Pre-Takeoff Briefing 

“We are using Runway 7 Left at November 5; 4,500 feet available. 

We need 1,050 feet for takeoff. There are trees at the end of the 

runway. No wake turbulence is expected. At takeoff, the wind will 

be from our right at 7 knots, so ailerons will be positioned to the 

right. VR is 70 KIAS; initial climb speed is 78 KIAS with the gear 

extended, 90 KIAS with the gear retracted. If there is an engine 

failure or system malfunction: 

Before rotation, I will close the throttle, maintain directional 

control with rudder to remain on the runway, and brake as 

required. 

After rotation with runway available for landing, I will reduce the 

throttle and land on the remaining runway. 

After rotation with no runway available, I will pitch for 72 KIAS 

(Flaps Down) or 79 KIAS (Flaps Up), making only shallow bank 

turns to land in the most suitable area.” 


68 PA-28R-201 SOP 

2. FUEL SELECTOR VERIFY POSITION 

VERIFY the POSITION of the FUEL TANK (Fullest Tank). 

CAUTION 

If the fullest tank has not been selected, do not select the fullest 

tank just prior to takeoff (a critical phase of flight). Wait until 

reaching a safe altitude. 

3. STABILATOR TRIM/RUDDER TRIM N (Neutral)/SET 

Verify that the STABILATOR TRIM is set to the N (Neutral) position and the 

RUDDER TRIM is SET as appropriate. 





5. FLAPS SET/VERIFY 

Ensure that the FLAPS are SET for a normal/crosswind takeoff (0°), or a 

short or soft-field takeoff (25°). When changing the flap position on the 

ground, verify that you have the Flap Control Handle and call out, “Flaps 

Identified”. Wait for the IP to respond, “Flaps Verified”, and then place the 

Flaps Switch in the 25° position. Visually VERIFY that both flaps move 

toward and stop in the appropriate position. 

6. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS/AVIONICS SET 

Check that the FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS and AVIONICS are SET for 

takeoff. Check the altimeter and HSI for proper indications and confirm that 

the appropriate frequencies have been selected. Set the heading bug to the 

departure runway heading. 

7. CABIN DOOR/STORM WINDOW CLOSE/LATCH 

CLOSE (do not slam) the CABIN DOOR and LATCH the door first with the 

cabin door side latch, followed by the top latch. After latching, push out on 

door to confirm that it is securely latched. 

CLOSE the pilot-side STORM WINDOW and LATCH it with the rotating 

latch at the top of the window. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 69 




button. 

[Removed Item] 

9. BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECKLIST, verify that all 



70 PA-28R-201 SOP 

BEFORE TAKEOFF “FINAL ITEMS” FLOW 

1 

3 

4 

5 

6 

2 

OBJECTIVE: 

To configure the aircraft for takeoff. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 71 

BEFORE TAKEOFF “FINAL ITEMS” CHECKLIST 

1. TRAFFIC ................................................................................... CHECK 


3. ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP .................................................................. ON 

4. LIGHTS ............................................................................................ ON 

5. PITOT HEAT .......................................................................... OFF (ON) 

6. TRANSPONDER ............................................................................. ALT 

Verification not required 

1. TRAFFIC CHECK 

With the airplane facing towards the approach end of the runway, visually 

CHECK that the final is clear of TRAFFIC. 

2. MIXTURE FULL FORWARD (Full Rich) 


position for takeoff (for high elevation airport operations, see NOTE, page 

17). 

3. ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP ON 

Depress the ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP switch to the ON position and check 

that the fuel pressure increases slightly. 

4. LIGHTS ON 

Turn the LIGHTS ON as appropriate: 

- Day: Turn the landing light and strobe lights ON for collision avoidance. 

- Night: Turn the landing light ON for takeoff visibility and collision 

avoidance. Nav lights should be ON per 14 CFR Part 91.209. Turn the 

Strobe Lights ON only after taxiing onto the runway or, to avoid 

distraction and disorientation, when safely airborne. 

NOTE 

Avoid shining lights directly at another aircraft. Turn off strobe 

lights during low visibility to avoid becoming distracted and 

disoriented. 

5. PITOT HEAT OFF (ON) 

Verify that the PITOT HEAT is OFF, or ON if the outside air temperature is 

50°F (10°C) or below with visible moisture (i.e. clouds, fog, mist, rain, etc.). 


72 PA-28R-201 SOP 

6. TRANSPONDER ALT 

Depress the ALT button on the TRANSPONDER. 


NOTE 

To ensure that the pilot’s total attention to the runway and final 

approach environment remains uncompromised by any Before 

Takeoff task, when ready for takeoff and holding short: 

At tower controlled airports: 

1. Contact the tower to advise, “Ready for Takeoff.” 

2. When a takeoff or “position and hold” clearance has 

been received, while still holding short (and not 

moving), conduct the Before Takeoff “Final Items” flow. 

3. Upon completion of the Before Takeoff “Final Items” 

flow, ensure that the runway and final approach 

environments are clear before proceeding onto the 

runway for takeoff, or position and hold, as appropriate. 

4. Refuse any “Immediate Takeoff” clearance if you are 

unable to accomplish the above. 

At uncontrolled airports: 

1. Make the takeoff announcement. 

2. While still holding short (and not moving), conduct the 

Before Takeoff “Final Items” flow. 

3. Upon completion of the Before Takeoff “Final Items” 

flow, ensure that the runway and final approach 

environments are clear before proceeding onto the 

runway for takeoff. 

4. For collision avoidance reasons, avoid a “position and 

hold” situation on the runway when waiting for landing 

traffic to clear the runway. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 73 



74 PA-28R-201 SOP 

CLIMB FLOW 

3 

2 

4 

5 

1 

OBJECTIVE: 

To configure the aircraft for optimum climb performance. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 75 

CLIMB CHECKLIST 

Accomplish at 1000’AGL 

(Not required if remaining in the traffic pattern.) 

1. FLAPS ........................................................................................ UP (0º) 

2. GEAR SELECTOR ........................................................ UP/NO LIGHTS 


4. CLIMB POWER ............................................................................... SET 

5. MIXTURE CONTROL .................................................... AS REQUIRED 

6. CLIMB CHECKLIST ........................................................... COMPLETE 

1. FLAPS UP (0º) 

Verify that the FLAPS are in the UP (0º) position for optimum climb 

performance. 

2. GEAR SELECTOR UP/NO LIGHTS 

Verify that the GEAR SELECTOR is in the UP position and that NO 

LIGHTS (3 green landing gear indicator/1 red Gear Warn lights) are 

illuminated. 

NOTE 

The “check landing gear” aural warning may be heard if the 

airplane remains below 200’ AGL more than 45 seconds after 

takeoff off with the landing gear retracted. 


No lower than 1000’ AFE, depress the ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP switch to 

the OFF position. Check the fuel pressure. A slight decrease in fuel 

pressure may be observed. 

4. CLIMB POWER SET 

Verify that CLIMB POWER is SET (throttle and propeller control in the full 

forward position). 

5. MIXTURE CONTROL AS REQUIRED 

The mixture should be full rich during climb below 3000’ pressure altitude. 

If continuing the climb above 3000’ pressure altitude, the mixture should be 

leaned as needed for increased power or to provide smoother engine 

operation. See page 17 for additional leaning procedures. 


76 PA-28R-201 SOP 

6. CLIMB CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the CLIMB CHECKLIST, verify that all items have been 

accomplished and that the checklist is COMPLETE. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 77 



78 PA-28R-201 SOP 

CRUISE FLOW 

1 2 

3 

OBJECTIVE: 

To configure the aircraft for optimum cruise performance. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 79 

CRUISE CHECKLIST 

Not required if remaining in the traffic pattern. 

1. CRUISE POWER ............................................................................ SET 

2. MIXTURE ..................................................................................... LEAN 

3. LANDING LIGHT .................................................................... ON (OFF) 

4. CRUISE CHECKLIST ......................................................... COMPLETE 

1. CRUISE POWER SET 

Reduce the throttle then the propeller control to SET the desired CRUISE 

POWER setting. For training purposes, 23” MP/2300 RPM should be used. 

Otherwise, reference the power setting table in the ERAU PA-28R-201 

Checklist for an appropriate manifold pressure and RPM setting. The 

maximum recommended cruise power setting is 75% MCP. 


After setting cruise power, LEAN the MIXTURE in accordance with the 

appropriate Leaning Procedures on page 17. 

NOTE 

When maneuvering in the ERAU local practice areas, the 

Mixture Control will be left in the established lean position. 

NOTE 

The Mixture Control must be set to full rich for cruise power 

settings above 75% MCP. 

3. LANDING LIGHT ON (OFF) 

Verify that the LANDING LIGHT is ON for collision avoidance precautions. 

The strobe lights should remain ON. Turn the lights OFF only when 

operating in clouds, low visibility conditions, at night, or in any other 

condition where having the lights ON would compromise safety of flight. 

4. CRUISE CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the CRUISE CHECKLIST, verify that all items have 



80 PA-28R-201 SOP 

DESCENT FLOW 

7 

6 

1 

3 

4 

5 

2 

OBJECTIVE: 

To configure the aircraft for an approach or arrival. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 81 

DESCENT CHECKLIST 

Not required if remaining in the traffic pattern. 

Accomplish before beginning a descent from cruise altitude, or 

within 10 nm of the airport if a descent is not required. Copy 

ATIS and Brief the approach or arrival prior to beginning the 

Checklist. The “A-B-C” check is a systematic method for 

preparing for arrival. 

1. APPROACH BRIEFING ..................................................... COMPLETE 


3. GEAR ALERT TEST SWITCH ............................................ PUSH/TEST 

4. MIXTURE ............................................................................ ENRICHEN 

5. LIGHTS ............................................................................................ ON 

6. AVIONICS/FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ................................. CHECK/SET 


8. DESCENT CHECKLIST ..................................................... COMPLETE 

1. APPROACH BRIEFING COMPLETE 

COMPLETE the APPROACH BRIEFING to include: 

- Altimeter Setting 

- Traffic Watch 

- NOTAMs 

- Windshear and Braking Conditions 

- Terrain Obstacles 

- Details unique to the Airport/Approach 

- Runway to be used 

- Traffic Pattern Entry 

- HSI Corrected to the Magnetic Compass 

- Crosswind 

- Runway Exit Plan 

In addition, if an instrument approach procedure is expected, include in the 

APPROACH BRIEFING: 

- Name of Airport 

- Type of Approach 

- Approach Chart Number and Date 

- Navaid Frequency 

- Inbound Course 

- FAF/Glideslope Crossing Altitude 

- DA(H)/MDA 


82 PA-28R-201 SOP 

- Missed Approach 

- Time or Distance for Approach 

- Visibility Requirements 

- Approach Lights 


Verify that the FUEL SELECTOR is on the FULLEST TANK. 

3. GEAR ALERT TEST SWITCH PUSH/TEST 

Momentarily PUSH the GEAR ALERT TEST SWITCH located beneath the 

Landing Gear Selector. The “test okay” aural callout should be heard. If the 

“test okay” aural callout is not heard, continue the landing using the normal 

landing gear indicating and warning systems to verify the landing gear 

position, terminate the flight, and notify Fleet Maintenance. 

WARNING 

If at any time during approach to landing the “check landing 

gear” aural warning sounds, the normal gear warning horn 

sounds, or any abnormal landing gear indication occurs, the 

pilot must execute a go-around. 

4. MIXTURE ENRICHEN 

ENRICHEN the MIXTURE throughout the descent for smooth engine 

operation. 

5. LIGHTS ON 

Ensure that the LIGHTS are ON as appropriate: 

- Day: Ensure that the landing light and strobe lights are ON for 

collision avoidance. 

- Night: Ensure that the landing light and strobe lights are ON for 

increased visibility and collision avoidance. Nav lights should be ON 

per 14 CFR Part 91.209. 

6. AVIONICS/FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS CHECK/SET 

CHECK the FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS by verifying that the current 

barometric pressure is SET in the Kollsman window and that the HSI is 

SET to the magnetic compass (known heading). Set the heading bug to 


PA-28R-201 SOP 83 

the landing runway heading. CHECK the AVIONICS by verifying that the 

communication and navigation frequencies are SET: 

If IFR: 

- Verify that the marker beacon switch is ON, if needed 

- Set navigation/communication frequencies for the planned approach 

- Set anticipated frequencies on standby 

- If equipped, set the ADF receiver to the desired frequency 

- Set the desired course in the HSI and CDI 

- Identify the navaids to be used for approach 

- Set the GPS for the approach procedure or destination airport 

- If equipped, set the Autopilot/Flight Director for the approach, if 

desired. 


Ensure that all occupant(s’) SEATBELTS and shoulder HARNESSES, if 

applicable, are ON and adjusted (per 14 CFR Part 91.107). 

8. DESCENT CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the DESCENT CHECKLIST, verify that all items have 



84 PA-28R-201 SOP 

DESCENT “FINAL ITEMS” FLOW 

2 

1 

4 

3 

OBJECTIVE: 

To properly configure the aircraft for landing. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 85 

DESCENT “FINAL ITEMS” CHECKLIST 

Accomplish prior to 300’ AFE. 


2. GEAR SELECTOR .................................................... DOWN/ 3 GREEN 





Verify that the ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP is ON. 

2. GEAR SELECTOR DOWN/ 3 GREEN 

Verify that the GEAR SELECTOR is in the DOWN position. Visually check 

to confirm that the 3 GREEN indicator lights are illuminated. Call out, 

“Three Green, No Red, Verify.” Wait for the IP to respond, “Gear Down, 

Verified.” 

WARNING 

If at any time during approach to landing the “check landing 

gear” aural warning sounds, the normal gear warning horn 

sounds, or any abnormal landing gear indication occurs, the 

pilot must execute a go-around. 


Place the MIXTURE CONTROL in the FULL FORWARD (Full Rich) 

position. 



position. 



86 PA-28R-201 SOP 

AFTER LANDING FLOW 

4 

5 

6 

7 

3 

2 

1 

OBJECTIVE: 

To “clean up” the aircraft after landing in preparation for taxi. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 87 

AFTER LANDING CHECKLIST 

Accomplish only when clear of the runway and stopped 

completely. 

1. STABILATOR TRIM ............................................................. N (Neutral) 

2. FLAPS .............................................................................. RETRACT 0° 

3. MIXTURE ..................................................................................... LEAN 


5. LIGHTS (except Fin Strobe) ........................................................... OFF 

6. PITOT HEAT .................................................................................. OFF 

7. TRANSPONDER .......................................................................... STBY 

8. AFTER LANDING CHECKLIST .......................................... COMPLETE 

1. STABILATOR TRIM/RUDDER TRIM N (Neutral) 

Set the STABILATOR TRIM to the N (Neutral) position. 

2. FLAPS RETRACT 0° 

Before changing the flap position on the ground, verify that you have the 

Flap Control Handle and call out, “Flaps Identified”. Wait for the IP to 

respond, “Flaps Verified”, then RETRACT the FLAPS the the 0° position. 

Visually verify that the flaps move towards and stop in the fully retracted 

position and call out, “Flaps Up.” Wait for the IP to respond, “Flaps Up, 

Verified.” 


Move the control for the MIXTURE aft slowly to the stop to LEAN. 


Depress the ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP switch to the OFF position. Check 

fuel pressures. A slight decrease in fuel pressure may be observed. 

5. LIGHTS (except Fin Strobe) OFF 

Adjust the LIGHTS (except the Fin Strobe) as appropriate: 

- Day: Turn the landing light and strobe lights OFF. 

- Night: Turn the strobe lights OFF. Use the landing light as 

necessary for taxi. Nav lights should be ON per 14 CFR Part 91.209. 


88 PA-28R-201 SOP 

NOTE 

For night operations, the landing light, taxi light, and/or strobe 

lights may turned off at any time after clearing the runway and 

coming to a full stop at the appropriate point on the taxiway. 

This action may be necessary when taxiing in close proximity 

to other aircraft, or for other operational considerations. 

6. PITOT HEAT OFF 

Verify that the PITOT HEAT switch is in the OFF position. 

7. TRANSPONDER STBY 

Depress the STBY (Standby) button on the TRANSPONDER. 

8. AFTER LANDING CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the AFTER LANDING CHECKLIST, verify that all items 



PA-28R-201 SOP 89 



90 PA-28R-201 SOP 

SHUTDOWN FLOW 

3 

2 

4 

1 

OBJECTIVE: 

To safely shut down the engine. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 91 

SHUTDOWN CHECKLIST 




4. ALTERNATOR SWITCH ................................................................ OFF 

5. SHUTDOWN CHECKLIST ................................................. COMPLETE 





working. 


Advance the engine to 1000 RPM, and then move the MIXTURE 

CONTROL to the IDLE CUT-OFF position. 


After the engine (propeller) has come to a complete stop, turn the 

IGNITION SWITCH key to the OFF position. Remove the key from the 

ignition switch. 

WARNING 

If the magnetos are turned off before the engine stops 

completely, non-ignited fuel will remain in the engine cylinders, 

creating a potential hazard of the non-ignited fuel igniting 

unexpectedly (i.e., the propeller rotated with a “hot mag”), or of 

having an over-primed engine during the next engine start (i.e., 

an engine fire). 

4. ALTERNATOR SWITCH OFF 

Depress the ALTERNATOR SWITCH to the OFF position. 

5. SHUTDOWN CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the SHUTDOWN CHECKLIST, verify that all items 



92 PA-28R-201 SOP 

RAMP IN CHECKLIST 

1. FLIGHT DATA (Eagle Data) ....................................................RAMP IN 



4. RAMP IN CHECKLIST ........................................................ COMPLETE 

1. FLIGHT DATA (Eagle Data) RAMP IN 

Contact ERAU FLIGHT DATA (Eagle Data) on 122.825 MHz to RAMP IN 

by providing the aircraft’s status (“Up” or “Down”) and the Hobbs and Tach 

times. Report the Hobbs time first then the Tach time. 

NOTE 

If the aircraft is “DOWN”, record the discrepancy on the 

Discrepancy Record form. If more than one discrepancy exists, 

list each discrepancy separately in the boxes provided. Record 

the Hobbs and Tach times on the Aircraft Flight Record form. 

Both forms are attached to the airplane’s clipboard. 





4. RAMP IN CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the RAMP IN CHECKLIST, verify that all items have 



PA-28R-201 SOP 93 

SECURE CHECKLIST 

1. LIGHTS (except Fin Strobe) ........................................................... OFF 

2. TRASH ................................................................................... REMOVE 

3. SEATBELT (as a control lock) ................................................. INSTALL 

4. TIE-DOWNS ............................................................................ SECURE 

5. MAIN WHEELS ......................................................................... CHOCK 


7. STORM WINDOW/CABIN DOOR ................................... CLOSE/LOCK 

8. POST-FLIGHT INSPECTION ............................................. COMPLETE 

9. SECURE CHECKLIST ....................................................... COMPLETE 

1. LIGHTS OFF 

Ensure that all interior and exterior aircraft LIGHTS (except Fin Strobe) are 

OFF. 

2. TRASH REMOVE 

REMOVE any and all TRASH from the cabin (even if it is not yours). 

3. SEATBELT (as a control lock) INSTALL 

INSTALL the pilot-side SEATBELT on the control yoke to restrict freedom 

of movement of the flight controls. 

4. TIE-DOWNS SECURE 

Install the TIE-DOWNS for the wings and tail. Use the tail tie-down to 

complete tightening the chains on the wings (page 94). 

NOTE 

If at an outlying airport and strong winds are not expected, you 

may temporarily substitute tie-downs with chocks on the nose 

gear. 


94 PA-28R-201 SOP 

4. TIE-DOWNS (continued) SECURE 


PA-28R-201 SOP 95 

5. MAIN WHEELS CHOCK 

Securely CHOCK the MAIN WHEELS. 


Push the parking brake knob IN fully to RELEASE the PARKING BRAKE. 

7. STORM WINDOW/CABIN DOOR CLOSE/LOCK 

CLOSE and latch the the STORM WINDOW. CLOSE the cabin DOOR and 

latch the side latch first, followed by the upper latch. LOCK the cabin door 

with the key provided. 

8. POST-FLIGHT INSPECTION COMPLETE 

COMPLETE a POST-FLIGHT INSPECTION of the aircraft by conducting a 

360° walk-around, checking for any damage that may have occurred during 

the flight, that all lights are OFF, and that the airplane is properly secured. 

NOTE 

Verify that any and all discrepancies (if any) are recorded on the 

Discrepancy Record form. If more than one discrepancy exists, 

list each discrepancy separately in the boxes provided. Verify 

that Hobbs and Tach times have been recorded on the Aircraft 

Flight Record form. Both forms are attached to the airplane’s 

clipboard. 

9. SECURE CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the SECURE CHECKLIST, verify that all items have 



96 PA-28R-201 SOP 



PA-28R-201 SOP 97 

Section 3: 

EMERGENCY 

PROCEDURES 


98 PA-28R-201 SOP 

INTRODUCTION 

Successful handling of emergency situations is largely dependent on the 

judgment and skill of the flight crew. All emergency conditions should be 

handled with planning and organization. Although it is not possible to write 

specific procedures to cover every facet of every emergency or irregularity 

a pilot may confront, it is possible to establish certain operating guidelines. 

The overriding matter of importance is very basic: someone must fly the 

airplane. In addition to executing the required procedure(s), the pilot must 

still devote primary attention to the control and navigation of the airplane 

with regard to terrain, weather, air traffic control, and airplane configuration. 

There are some situations which always require a landing at the nearest 

suitable airport. These situations include, but are not limited to, cabin 

smoke or fire that persists, loss of equipment cooling, and electrical faults 

that result in only leaving a single critical system remaining. In any event, it 

is the responsibility of the pilot in command to assess the situation and 

execute sound judgment to determine the safest course of action to be 

taken. It is stressed that for persistent smoke, or a fire that cannot be 

positively confirmed to be completely extinguished, the earliest possible 

descent, landing, and passenger evacuation should be accomplished. 

Cycling or resetting “tripped” circuit breakers shall not be done 

indiscriminately. Cycling or resetting circuit breakers on the ground is 

acceptable, except for those prohibited in any procedure. Before cycling or 

resetting a circuit breaker in flight, the pilot in command shall consider 

available resources such as the Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH), the 

ERAU Fleet Maintenance Department, and pilot experience to ensure that 

no restriction(s) exist. 

A tripped circuit breaker may be reset one time after a 90-second cooling 

period. Consider the relative importance of the inoperative component to 

the remainder of the flight, as well as other indications (i.e., other tripped 

circuit breakers, etc.) prior to resetting the associated circuit breaker. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 99 

Discrepancy Reporting/Flight Log Entries 

Reporting of a system and other airplane discrepancies to the ERAU Fleet 

Maintenance Department is of the utmost importance. Prompt notification 

not only allows Fleet Maintenance to respond quickly, but to pre-plan for 

down line maintenance. In addition, reporting certain mechanical 

discrepancies such as: engine failures, fire warnings, and fire extinguisher 

discharges are required by regulation. 

Emergency Procedures 

Initially, flying the airplane and confirming an emergency are most 

important steps in dealing with any emergency. Emergency procedures 

may include immediate action items that are of such critical nature that they 

must be accomplished from memory. Memory steps are enclosed in a 

Dashed Box. Memory steps are to be called out and accomplished prior to 

reading the checklist. When accomplishing the checklist, the pilot reads 

the checklist aloud, taking note of all instructions. Conditions permitting, 

the Pilot Flying (PF) maintains an awareness of checklist progress and 

announces when the emergency procedure is complete. 

Communications 

Proper communication during normal, emergency, and abnormal situation 

is essential to safe and effective mission management. Such situations 

include, but are not limited to, airplane system irregularities and 

emergencies, medical emergencies, and diversions. In such 

circumstances, the pilot should communicate as appropriate with: 

- ATC: Declaring emergency and communicating intentions. 

- ERAU Dispatch: Coordinating emergency support and/or diversions. 

- ERAU Fleet Maintenance Department: Support for resolving and 

handling airplane system abnormalities. 

- FSS: Obtaining weather updates and coordinating emergency 

support and/or diversions. 

Advising control and resource groups of these situations as well as pilot 

intentions is paramount in utilizing all available resources to arrive at an 

informed plan of action. 


100 PA-28R-201 SOP 

ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF ROLL FLOW 

1 

7 

6 

3 

2 

5 

4 

OBJECTIVE: 

To safely stop the airplane on the takeoff roll with a partial or 

complete loss of power. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 101 

ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF ROLL 

CHECKLIST 

If sufficient runway remains for a complete stop: 

1. DIRECTIONAL CONTROL .................................................... MAINTAIN 

2. THROTTLE ....................................................... CLOSE IMMEDIATELY 

3. BRAKE .......................................................................... AS REQUIRED 

If insufficient runway remains for a complete stop: 

4. FLAPS .............................................................. VERIFY (RETRACT 0º) 




8. ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF ROLL CHECKLIST .................. 

.................................................................................................. COMPLETE 

If sufficient runway remains for a complete stop: 

1. DIRECTIONAL CONTROL MAINTAIN 

MAINTAIN DIRECTIONAL CONTROL of the aircraft, maneuvering as 

necessary to avoid obstacles. 

2. THROTTLE CLOSE IMMEDIATELY 

Upon first indication of an engine power loss or failure during takeoff, 

CLOSE the THROTTLE IMMEDIATELY while maintaining directional 

control. Advise ATC, or announce on the CTAF, that the takeoff is being 

aborted. 

NOTE 

An aborted takeoff is a very critical maneuver requiring timely 

decision-making and reaction. For every takeoff, calculating an 

accelerate/stop distance is important for takeoff planning. 

3. BRAKE AS REQUIRED 

When on the runway, BRAKE, AS REQUIRED, to stop straight ahead on 

the remaining runway, taking care not to lock the wheels. If able, turn the 

airplane onto a taxiway. 


102 PA-28R-201 SOP 

NOTE 

Avoid “locking” the wheels, which will cause skidding, 

resulting in an increase in the stopping distance, and may 

cause one or both main gear tires to blow. 

4. FLAPS VERIFY (RETRACT 0º) 

VERIFY that the Flap Selector Switch is in the UP position, or place the 

switch in the Up position to RETRACT the FLAPS to 0º. 

If insufficient runway remains for a complete stop: 


Depress the Mixture Control knob and pull the MIXTURE CONTROL to the 

IDLE CUT-OFF position. 


After the engine (propeller) has come to a complete stop, turn the 

IGNITION SWITCH key to the OFF position. 



8. ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF ROLL CHECKLIST 

COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF ROLL 

CHECKLIST, verify that all items have been accomplished and that the 

checklist is COMPLETE. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 103 



104 PA-28R-201 SOP 

ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT FLOW 

2 

3 

1 9 

15 

13 

14 

7 

8 

6 5 

10 12 11 

16 

4 

OBJECTIVE: 

To optimize glide performance and configure the airplane for a forced 

landing. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 105 

ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT CHECKLIST 

1. AIRSPEED ................................................................................ 79 KIAS 

2. LANDING SITE ........................................................................ SELECT 

3. FUEL SELECTOR ......................................................... SWITCH TANK 

4. FLAPS .......................................................................................... 0°/UP 

5. ALTERNATE AIR SELECTOR .................................................... OPEN 



8. IGNITION SWITCH ....................................................... BOTH (START) 

If the engine fails to start, execute the following restart procedure: 

9. AIRSPEED ................................................................................ 79 KIAS 

10. FUEL SELECTOR ......................................................... SWITCH TANK 




14. IGNITION SWITCH ....................................................... BOTH (START) 

If the engine fails to start: 

15. TRANSPONDER ............................................................................ 7700 

16. RADIO ..................................................................................... MAYDAY 

Emergency Landing Without Engine Power Checklist: 

17. PASSENGER SEATS/SEATBACKS ...................................... UPRIGHT 



20. FLAPS ..................................................................... 40° Recommended 



23. FUEL SELECTOR .......................................................................... OFF 


25. BATTERY MASTER SWITCH ...................... LANDING ASSURED/OFF 

26. CABIN DOOR ....................................................................... UNLATCH 

27. TOUCHDOWN .................................................... SLIGHTLY TAIL-LOW 

28. BRAKES ..................................................................... APPLY HEAVILY 

29. ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT CHECKLIST ............ COMPLETE 


106 PA-28R-201 SOP 

WARNING 

Before trouble shooting the engine failure (partial or complete 

loss of power), establish the best glide airspeed, pick the best 

suitable landing site, and turn towards the landing site selected. 

1. AIRSPEED 79 KIAS 

Ensure that the airplane is trimmed for 79 KIAS (best glide airspeed, 2750 

lbs.) to provide the maximum gliding distance possible. 

NOTE 

While the published PA-28R-201 glide ratio (no wind, 2750 lbs., 

propeller control full decrease, 79 KIAS) is approximately 2.0 

nm per 1000 feet of altitude, during training [propeller control 

full increase (high RPM)] the actual ratio will be lower. 

2. LANDING SITE SELECT 

SELECT the most suitable LANDING SITE and site of intended landing and 

turn towards that site. If surface conditions make selecting a site difficult to 

determine, turn toward the best area (flatlands versus mountains), and pick 

a site as it becomes visible. 

WINDS: To optimize landing performance, plan for a normal landing into 

the wind. Use the direction of travel of smoke or dust, the “glassy side” of a 

lake or pond, windmills or windsocks, and the surface wind report for the 

area to determine wind direction and velocity. 

NOTE 

Surface conditions, such as direction of furrows and available 

stopping distance, should be considered when selecting a 

landing site. 

Whenever possible, plan to execute a normal traffic pattern. When altitude 

permits, plan to spiral over your intended landing area to arrive at 

approximately 1000’ AGL on downwind, abeam the point of intended 

touchdown (high-key point). Plan on turning from the base leg (low-key 

point) to final at approximately 500’ AGL, adjusted as necessary for wind 

conditions. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 107 

NOTE 

The appropriate sectional chart can provide the approximate 

ground elevation in order to plan the approach with the key 

points in mind. 


Move the FUEL SELECTOR to SWITCH to the other TANK to determine if 

providing fuel supplied from the other tank will aid in engine restart. 

4. FLAPS 0°/UP 

Verify that the Flap Control Handle is in the 0° position and that the FLAPS 

are UP for optimum performance. 

5. ALTERNATE AIR SELECTOR OPEN 

Place the ALTERNATE AIR SELECTOR is in the OPEN position. 



position. 


Depress the ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP switch in the ON position. 

8. IGNITION SWITCH BOTH (START) 

Verify that the IGNITION SWITCH is in the BOTH position if the propeller is 

windmilling. If the propeller has stopped, turn the Ignition Switch key to the 

START position to attempt an engine restart. 

If the engine fails to start, execute the following restart procedure: 


Ensure that the airplane is trimmed for 79 KIAS (best glide airspeed, 2750 

lbs.) to provide the maximum gliding distance possible. 


Move the FUEL SELECTOR to SWITCH to the other TANK to determine if 

providing fuel supplied from the other tank will aid in engine restart. 


Because the engine could be flooded, place the depress the MIXTURE 

CONTROL to the IDLE CUT OFF position. 


108 PA-28R-201 SOP 

12. THROTTLE FULL FORWARD 

Because the engine could be flooded, push the THROTTLE to the FULL 

FORWARD position. 


Depress the ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP switch in the OFF position. 

14. IGNITION SWITCH BOTH (START) 

Verify that the IGNITION SWITCH is in the BOTH position if the propeller is 

windmilling. If the propeller has stopped, turn the Ignition Switch key to the 

START position to attempt an engine restart. 

NOTE 

If the engine starts, smoothly move the Mixture Control to the 

Full Forward (Full Rich) position, and adjust the throttle to set 

the desired power setting. 

If the engine fails to start: 

15. TRANSPONDER 7700 

Enter 7700 (emergency code) into the TRANSPONDER to alert ATC (your 

aircraft “tag” will flash on the radar screen). 

16. RADIO MAYDAY 

If not already in communication with ATC, attempt to establish RADIO 

contact with ATC on the last frequency used, or transmit on 121.50 MHz to 

make a MAYDAY call. State the aircraft registration number and position, if 

known, or last known position and estimated position relative to it, the 

number of “souls” on board, and the color of your airplane. 


17. PASSENGER SEATS/SEATBACKS UPRIGHT 

Ensure that all PASSENGER SEATBACKS are in the full UPRIGHT 

position for landing. 



and adjusted. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 109 





Verified.” 

20. FLAPS 40° Recommended 

When appropriate, place the Flap Selector switch in the 40º position to set 

the FLAPS for approach and landing, allowing touchdown at the slowest 

possible airspeed. 


Place the MIXTURE CONTROL to the IDLE CUT-OFF position. 


Move the THROTTLE to the CLOSE position. 

23. FUEL SELECTOR OFF 

Place the FUEL SELECTOR in the OFF position. 


Turn the IGNITION SWITCH key to the OFF position. 

25. BATTERY MASTER SWITCH LANDING ASSURED/OFF 

When the LANDING is ASSURED, depress the BATTERY MASTER 

SWITCH to the OFF position. 

26. CABIN DOOR UNLATCH 

Lift the interior door handles to UNLATCH and open the CABIN DOOR to 

prevent the possibility of having the cabin doors jammed upon landing. 

Once opened, place the interior door handles in the locked (full forward, 

down) position to prevent the doors from closing and latching. 

27. TOUCHDOWN SLIGHTLY TAIL-LOW 

Touch down in a SLIGHTLY TAIL-LOW attitude to aid in slowing the 

airplane during the landing roll. 

28. BRAKES APPLY HEAVILY 

APPLY the BRAKES HEAVILY, or as necessary, to stop the airplane prior 

to encountering any surrounding obstructions or rough terrain surfaces. 


110 PA-28R-201 SOP 

29. ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT CHECKLIST, 


COMPLETE. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 111 



112 PA-28R-201 SOP 

LOSS OF FUEL FLOW/PRESSURE FLOW 

1 

2 

OBJECTIVE: 

To promptly re-establish fuel pressure when the engine-driven fuel 

pump has failed. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 113 

LOSS OF FUEL FLOW/PRESSURE CHECKLIST 

The engine will only operate with its electric fuel pump ON: 



3. LOSS OF FUEL FLOW/PRESSURE CHECKLIST ............. COMPLETE 


Depress the ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP switch in the ON position. 


Verify that the FUEL SELECTOR is on the FULLEST TANK. 

3. LOSS OF FUEL FLOW/PRESSURE CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the LOSS OF FUEL FLOW/PRESSURE CHECKLIST, 


COMPLETE. 

NOTE 

Land at the nearest suitable airport where repairs can be made. 

Remember that you now have no backup electric fuel pump for 

that engine. 

Operating an engine with only its electric fuel pump (enginedriven 

fuel pump failed) may require making corresponding 

mixture changes when power is changed: 

1. When reducing power, lean the mixture to prevent the engine 

from quitting from having too rich of a mixture condition 

2. Enrichen the mixture when increasing power to prevent 

engine stoppage from having too lean of a mixture condition. 

Always lean sufficiently to obtain a smooth running engine. 


114 PA-28R-201 SOP 

ENGINE FIRE DURING START FLOW 

8 

4 

1 

7 

10 

9 

3 

6 

2 

5 

11 

12 

OBJECTIVE: 

To promptly extinguish an engine fire occuring during engine start. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 115 

ENGINE FIRE DURING START CHECKLIST 

If the engine has not started: 

1. STARTER ..................................................... CONTINUE TO ENGAGE 



NOTE 

If the engine starts, continue operating to ingest the fire into the 

engine. If the fire continues, shut down the engine and evacuate. 








11. FIRE EXTINGUISHER ............................................................. OBTAIN 

12. AIRPLANE ......................................................................... EVACUATE 

13. ENGINE FIRE DURING START CHECKLIST .................... COMPLETE 

1. STARTER CONTINUE TO ENGAGE 

CONTINUE TO ENGAGE the STARTER in an attempt to ingest the flames 

into the engine through the carburetor. 

NOTE 

If the engine starts, continue its operation to ingest the fire into 

the engine and extinguish the flames. Once the fire has been 

extinguished, shut down the airplane’s engine and have Fleet 

Maintenance inspect it. If the fire continues, shut down the 

engine and evacuate the aircraft. 


Place the MIXTURE CONTROL in the IDLE CUT-OFF position. 


Move the THROTTLE to the FULL FORWARD position. 


116 PA-28R-201 SOP 


Depress the ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP switch to the OFF position. 


Move the MIXTURE CONTROL to the IDLE CUT-OFF position. 


Move the THROTTLE to the FULL FORWARD position. 








button. 



11. FIRE EXTINGUISHER OBTAIN 

OBTAIN the FIRE EXTINGUISHER from between the aft portion of the 

front seats by unlatching the retaining straps. Prepare it for use. 

12. AIRPLANE EVACUATE 

EVACUATE the AIRPLANE and seek help in extinguishing the fire. Do not 

attempt to fight the fire alone. It is safer for the flight crew and passengers 

to get professional fire fighting personnel to fight the fire. 

13. ENGINE FIRE DURING START CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the ENGINE FIRE DURING START CHECKLIST, 


COMPLETE. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 117 



118 PA-28R-201 SOP 

ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT FLOW 

6 

4 

5 

2 3 

1 

OBJECTIVE: 

To promptly extinguish an engine fire in flight. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 119 

ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST 





5. HEATER/DEFROSTER .................................................................. OFF 

If the fire persists: 

6. AIRSPEED .......................................................................... INCREASE 

(attempt to extinguish the fire) 


7. PASSENGER SEATS/SEATBACKS ...................................... UPRIGHT 



10. FLAPS ..................................................................... 40° Recommended 





15. MASTER SWITCH ....................................... LANDING ASSURED/OFF 

16. CABIN DOOR ....................................................................... UNLATCH 

17. TOUCHDOWN .................................................... SLIGHTLY TAIL-LOW 

18. BRAKES ..................................................................... APPLY HEAVILY 

19. ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST ............................. COMPLETE 








Depress the ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP switch to the OFF position. 


120 PA-28R-201 SOP 

5. HEATER/DEFROSTER OFF 

Move the HEATER and DEFROSTER levers to the OFF position. 

If the fire persists: 

6. AIRSPEED INCREASE 

INCREASE the AIRSPEED in an attempt to extinguish the fire. 


7. PASSENGER SEATS/SEATBACKS UPRIGHT 

Ensure that all PASSENGER SEATBACKS are in the full UPRIGHT 

position for landing. 



and adjusted. 





Verified.” 

10. FLAPS 40° Recommended 

When appropriate, place the Flap Selector switch in the 40º position to set 

the FLAPS for approach and landing, allowing touchdown at the slowest 

possible airspeed. 


Place the MIXTURE CONTROL to the IDLE CUT-OFF position. 








PA-28R-201 SOP 121 

15. MASTER SWITCH LANDING ASSURED/OFF 

When the LANDING is ASSURED, depress the MASTER SWITCH to the 

OFF position. 

16. CABIN DOOR UNLATCH 

UNLATCH and open the CABIN DOOR to prevent the possibility of having 

the cabin doors jammed upon landing. Once opened, place the interior 

door handles in the locked (full forward, down) position to prevent the doors 

from closing and latching. 

17. TOUCHDOWN SLIGHTLY TAIL-LOW 

Touch down in a SLIGHTLY TAIL-LOW attitude to aid in slowing the 

airplane during the landing roll. 

18. BRAKES APPLY HEAVILY 

APPLY the BRAKES HEAVILY, or as necessary, to stop the airplane prior 

to encountering any surrounding obstructions or rough terrain surfaces. 

19. ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST, verify that 

all items have been accomplished and that the checklist is COMPLETE. 


122 PA-28R-201 SOP 

ELECTRICAL FIRE IN FLIGHT FLOW 

1 2 3 4 6 

5 

7 

8 

OBJECTIVE: 

To safely extinguish an electrical fire in flight. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 123 

ELECTRICAL FIRE IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST 

1. FLASHLIGHT (if at night) ......................................................... OBTAIN 



4. ALL ELECTRICAL SWITCHES ...................................................... OFF 


6. CABIN VENTS ............................................................................ OPEN 

7. CABIN HEAT LEVER .................................................................CLOSE 

8. CIRCUIT BREAKERS ............................................................... CHECK 

NOTE 

If the fire persists, obtain the portable fire extinguisher (located 

behind the center console aft of the front seats) and extinguish, 

if practical. 

NOTE 

At this point, the pilot must decide if the flight can be safely 

continued without electrical power. If so, land at the nearest 

airport and have the electrical system repaired. 

9. AIRPORT ..................................................................................... LAND 

WARNING 

The Manual Extension of Landing Gear procedure (page 143) 

must be used to lower the landing gear. In additon, the stall 

and gear warnings are not available with the Battery Master 

Switch OFF. 

10. ELECTRICAL FIRE IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST ..................... COMPLETE 

1. FLASHLIGHT (if at night) OBTAIN 

In the event of an electrical fire at night, OBTAIN a FLASHLIGHT and have 

it readily available should the cockpit lighting system become disabled. 




124 PA-28R-201 SOP 



4. ALL ELECTRICAL SWITCHES OFF 

Place ALL ELECTRICAL SWITCHES in the OFF position. 



6. CABIN VENTS OPEN 

OPEN the CABIN VENTS. 

7. CABIN HEAT LEVER CLOSE 

Ensure that the CABIN HEAT LEVER is in the CLOSE position. 

NOTE 

If the fire persists, obtain the portable fire extinguisher (located 

behind the center console, aft of the front seats) and 

extinguish, if practical. 

NOTE 

At this point, the pilot must decide if the flight can be safely 

continued without electrical power. If so, land at the nearest 

airport and have the electrical system repaired. 

8. CIRCUIT BREAKERS CHECK 

CHECK for OPEN (out) CIRCUIT BREAKERS. 

9. AIRPORT LAND 

LAND at the nearest suitable AIRPORT as soon as practical. 

WARNING 

The Manual Extension of Landing Gear procedure (page 143) 

must be used to lower the landing gear. In additon, the stall 

and gear warnings are not available with the Battery Master 

Switch OFF. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 125 

10. ELECTRICAL FIRE IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the ELECTRICAL FIRE IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST, verify 


COMPLETE. 


126 PA-28R-201 SOP 

SPIN RECOVERY FLOW 

2 3 

6 

4 

1 

5 

OBJECTIVE: 

To safely recover from a spin. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 127 

SPIN RECOVERY CHECKLIST 

WARNING 

Intentional spins are prohibited in this airplane. 

1. RUDDER .......................... FULL OPPOSITE TO DIRECTION OF SPIN 

2. CONTROL WHEEL .................................................... FULL FORWARD 

3. AILERONS ............................................................................ NEUTRAL 


5. RUDDER ..........................................................................NEUTRALIZE 

When rotation stops, to recover from the dive: 

6. CONTROL WHEEL ................................. SMOOTH BACK PRESSURE 

7. SPIN RECOVERY CHECKLIST ......................................... COMPLETE 

1. RUDDER FULL OPPOSITE TO DIRECTION OF SPIN 

Apply FULL RUDDER in the OPPOSITE DIRECTION OF the SPIN to stop 

the rotation of the spin. 

2. CONTROL WHEEL FULL FORWARD 

Move the CONTROL WHEEL (Yoke) briskly FULL FORWARD to reduce 

the critical angle of attack and break the stall. 

3. AILERONS NEUTRAL 

Ensure that the AILERONS are in the NEUTRAL position. Ailerons 

positioned other than in the Neutral postion may aggravate the spin, 

making recovery impossible. 


Promptly move the THROTTLE to the CLOSE position to prevent 

excessive airspeed during the spin recovery. 

NOTE 

The throttle is reduced to the CLOSE position only after spin 

recovery flight control inputs have been made to ensure having 

adequate rudder/stabilator effectiveness. 


128 PA-28R-201 SOP 

5. RUDDER NEUTRALIZE 

When the spin rotation stops, NEUTRALIZE the RUDDER (return the 

rudder to the neutral position (no left or right rudder input). 

NOTE 

Applying too much rudder pressure in the opposite direction 

will cause the airplane to enter into a spin in the opposite 

direction. 

When rotation stops, to recover from the dive: 

6. CONTROL WHEEL SMOOTH BACK PRESSURE 

In a SMOOTH manner, apply sufficient BACK PRESSURE to the 

CONTROL WHEEL to recover from the resulting dive. Monitor airspeed so 

as not to exceed aircraft limitations during the recovery. 

7. SPIN RECOVERY CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the SPIN RECOVERY CHECKLIST, verify that all 



PA-28R-201 SOP 129 



130 PA-28R-201 SOP 

VAC OFF OR LOW VAC WARNING ILLUMINATED 

FLOW 

2 

3 1 

OBJECTIVE: 

To safely handle the aircraft with a LOW VAC annunciation. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 131 

VAC OFF OR LOW VAC WARNING ILLUMINATED 

CHECKLIST 

1. AUX VACUUM SWITCH .................................................................. ON 

2. SYSTEM SUCTION ......................................... VERIFY (4.8-5.2 in. Hg) 

3. ELECTRICAL LOAD ............................................................. MONITOR 

4. AIRPORT .................................................... LAND WHEN PRACTICAL 

5. VAC OFF OR LOW VAC WARNING ILLUMINATED CHECKLIST ......... 

.................................................................................................. COMPLETE 

1. AUX VAC SWITCH ON 

Push the Auxilary Vacuum Switch to AUX ON. Verify the VAC OFF 

annunciator is extinguished and the AUX ON annunciator is illuminated. 

2. SYSTEM SUCTION VERIFY (4.8-5.2 in. Hg) 

Verify the suction gauge is showing between 4.8 and 5.2 inches of Mecury. 

CAUTION 

Compass error may exceed 10° when auxiliary vacuum system 

is in operation. 

3. ELECTRICAL LOAD MONITOR 

Verify that alternator capacity is not being exceeded as indicated by the 

ammeter. If required, turn off nonessential electrical equipment. 


Land when practical at an airport where repairs can be made. 

5. VAC OFF OR LOW VAC WARNING ILLUMINATED CHECKLIST 

COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the VAC OFF OR LOW VAC WARNING 

ILLUMINATED CHECKLIST , verify that all items have been accomplished 

and that the checklist is COMPLETE. 


132 PA-28R-201 SOP 



PA-28R-201 SOP 133 

Section 4: 

ABNORMAL 

PROCEDURES 


134 PA-28R-201 SOP 



PA-28R-201 SOP 135 

INTRODUCTION 

Successful handling of abnormal situations is largely dependent on the 

judgment and skill of the crew. All abnormal conditions should be handled 

with planning and organization. Although it is not possible to write specific 

procedures to cover every facet of every abnormal situation or irregularity a 

pilot may confront, it is possible to establish certain operating guidelines. 

The overriding matter of importance is very basic: someone must fly the 

airplane. In addition to executing the required procedure(s), the pilot must 

still devote primary attention to the control and navigation of the airplane 

with regard to terrain, weather, air traffic control, and airplane configuration. 

Abnormal Procedures 

An abnormal procedure is a procedure not classified by the aircraft 

manufacturer as a normal or emergency procedure. The abnormal 

procedures that follow are the only abnormal procedures provided by the 

aircraft manufacturer and may not cover every abnormal situation that may 

be encountered during flight. The Abnormal procedures do not include 

immediate action or memory items because the checklist items are not 

time-critical in nature. 

If an abnormal situation arises, the number one priority is to maintain 

control of the airplane, and then confirm the situation and follow the 

appropriate procedures. 

When operating in the pseudo-crew environment, the pilot monitoring (PM) 

shall perform the checklist and announce its completion. The Pilot flying 

(PF) shall maintain an awareness of the checklist progress. 


136 PA-28R-201 SOP 

PROPELLER OVERSPEED CHECKLIST 

1. THROTTLE ............................................................................... REDUCE 

2. OIL PRESSURE .......................................................................... CHECK 

3. PROPELLER CONTROL .................................... FULL DECREASE/SET 

(if control available) 

4. AIRSPEED ................................................................................ REDUCE 

5. THROTTLE ...................................... AS REQUIRED/BELOW 2700 RPM 

6. AIRPORT ........................................................................................ LAND 

7. PROPELLER OVERSPEED CHECKLIST ............................ COMPLETE 

1. THROTTLE REDUCE 

REDUCE the THROTTLE to maintain propeller speed below 2700 RPM. 

2. OIL PRESSURE CHECK 

CHECK the OIL PRESSURE to determine if the engine is developing 

sufficient pressure. 

3. PROPELLER CONTROL FULL DECREASE/SET 

(if control available) 

Move the PROPELLER CONTROL to FULL DECREASE to obtain control 

of the propeller speed. SET if any control is avaialble. 

4. AIRSPEED REDUCE 

REDUCE the indicated AIRSPEED as much as practical to assist in 

maintaining propeller speed below 2700 RPM or as set. 

5. THROTTLE AS REQUIRED/BELOW 2700 RPM 

Set the THROTTLE AS REQUIRED to assist in maintaining propeller 

speed BELOW 2700 RPM, or as set. 



7. PROPELLER OVERSPEED CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the PROPELLER OVERSPEED CHECKLIST, verify 


COMPLETE. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 137 

ENGINE ROUGHNESS CHECKLIST 

Engine roughness may be caused by induction system icing or 

ignition problems. 

If induction icing is suspected: 

1. ALTERNATE AIR SELECTOR .................................................... OPEN 

2. MIXTURE ................................................................................ ADJUST 

If engine roughness continues after one minute: 


4. MIXTURE ................................................................................. ADJUST 


6. ENGINE GAUGES .................................................................... CHECK 

7. IGNITION SWITCH ............................................... CHECK L/R (BOTH) 

If satisfactory engine operation on either magneto can be obtained: 

8. THROTTLE ............................................................................. REDUCE 


10. AIRPORT ..................................................................................... LAND 

If engine roughness persists: 

11. AIRPORT ..................................................................................... LAND 

12. ENGINE ROUGHNESS CHECKLIST ................................. COMPLETE 

If induction icing is suspected: 

1. ALTERNATE AIR SELECTOR OPEN 

Move the ALTERNATE AIR SELECTOR to the OPEN position. 

2. MIXTURE ADJUST 

ADJUST the MIXTURE to attempt to obtain smooth engine operation. 

If engine roughness continues after one minute: 


Move the ALTERNATE AIR SELECTOR to the CLOSE position. 

4. MIXTURE ADJUST 

ADJUST the MIXTURE to attempt to obtain smooth engine operation. 


138 PA-28R-201 SOP 


Depress the ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP switch to the ON position. Check the 

fuel pressure. An increase in fuel pressure may be observed. 

6. ENGINE GAUGES CHECK 

CHECK the ENGINE GAUGES for any abnormal indications. 

7. IGNITION SWITCH CHECK L/R (BOTH) 

Turn the Ignition Switch key to the L (Left) and to the R (Right) positions to 

determine if a smoother engine operation can be achieved on either 

magneto. Return the Ignition Switch key to the BOTH position if no change 

is experienced. 

If satisfactory engine operation on either magneto can be obtained: 


REDUCE the THROTTLE to maintain smooth engine operation. 


Move the MIXTURE CONTROL to the FULL FORWARD (Full Rich) 

position. 



If engine roughness persists: 



12. ENGINE ROUGHNESS CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the ENGINE ROUGHNESS CHECKLIST, verify that all 



PA-28R-201 SOP 139 

HIGH OIL TEMPERATURE CHECKLIST 

NOTE 

An abnormally high oil temperature may be caused by a low oil 

level, an obstruction in the oil cooler, damaged or improper 

baffle seals, a defective or faulty gauge, a thermocouple, etc. 

CAUTION 

Watch the oil pressure gauge for an accompanying loss in 

pressure. 

1. MIXTURE ............................................................................ ENRICHEN 

2. THROTTLE ............................................................................. REDUCE 

3. AIRSPEED ........................................... INCREASE (altitude permitting) 

If engine overheating persists: 

4. AIRPORT ..................................................................................... LAND 

5. HIGH OIL TEMPERATURE CHECKLIST ........................... COMPLETE 

1. MIXTURE ENRICHEN 

ENRICHEN the MIXTURE to assist in engine cooling. 


REDUCE the THROTTLE to assist in engine cooling. 

3. AIRSPEED INCREASE (altitude permitting) 

If altitude permits, INCREASE indicated AIRSPEED (shallow dive) to 

provide additional airflow to aid in engine cooling. 

If engine overheating persists: 



5. HIGH OIL TEMPERATURE CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the HIGH OIL TEMPERATURE CHECKLIST, verify 


COMPLETE. 


140 PA-28R-201 SOP 

LOW OIL PRESSURE CHECKLIST 

A partial loss of oil pressure usually indicates a malfunction in 

the oil pressure regulating system. A complete loss of oil 

pressure may signify oil exhaustion or be the result of a faulty 

gauge. 

1. OIL PRESSURE GAUGE ............................................ CHECK/VERIFY 

2. AIRPORT ..................................................................................... LAND 

3. ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT CHECKLIST .............. PREPARE 

4. LOW OIL PRESSURE CHECKLIST ................................... COMPLETE 

1. OIL PRESSURE GAUGE CHECK/VERIFY 

CHECK the OIL PRESSURE GAUGE to VERIFY whether the loss in oil 

pressure is partial or complete. 



3. ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT CHECKLIST PREPARE 

PREPARE for a complete failure of the engine and be ready to complete 

the ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT CHECKLIST (page 105). 

4. LOW OIL PRESSURE CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the LOW OIL PRESSURE CHECKLIST, verify that all 



PA-28R-201 SOP 141 

LANDING GEAR UNSAFE WARNINGS 

Red WARN GEAR UNSAFE light illuminates: 

Gear Selector is in the UP or DOWN position and the landing gear is 

in transition between the fully-retracted (UP) position, or the downand-locked 

(DOWN) position. 

Gear Selector in the UP position, and loss of hydraulic pressure 

prevents keeping the landing gear in the fully-retracted (UP) position. 

This may be caused by the emergency gear lever being loose or 

inadvertently activated (lowered). 

Red WARN GEAR UNSAFE light illuminated and the Gear Warning 

Horn sounds: 

The landing gear is not down-and-locked, and the MP is below 14”. 

The Gear Selector is in the UP position, and the Flap Control Handle 

is moved beyond the 1 st notch (10°) position. 

NOTE 

If an unsafe indication continues, contact ERAU Flight Ops 

(123.30 MHz) before taking any other action. 

NOTE 

The “check landing gear” aural warning may also be heard 

under the above conditions or anytime the airplane is within 

approximately 200’ to 300’ AGL with the landing gear not down 

and locked. 


142 PA-28R-201 SOP 

FAILURE OF LANDING GEAR TO RETRACT 

CHECKLIST 

1. GEAR SELECTOR ........................................................................... UP 

2. GEAR PUMP CIRCUIT BREAKER ....................................... CHECK IN 

3. EMERGENCY GEAR LEVER ............................................ UP/SECURE 

4. GEAR LIGHTS .......................................................................... CHECK 

5. FAILURE OF LANDING GEAR TO RETRACT CHECKLIST ................. 

.................................................................................................. COMPLETE 

1. GEAR SELECTOR UP 

Place the GEAR SELECTOR in the UP position. 

2. GEAR PUMP CIRCUIT BREAKER CHECK IN 

CHECK that the landing GEAR PUMP CIRCUIT BREAKER is IN. 





4. GEAR LIGHTS CHECK 

CHECK the red Warning Gear Unsafe and the 3 green GEAR LIGHTS to 

ensure that they are extinguished (indicating the gear is retracted). 

5. FAILURE OF LANDING GEAR TO RETRACT CHECKLIST 

COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the FAILURE OF LANDING GEAR TO RETRACT 




PA-28R-201 SOP 143 

MANUAL EXTENSION OF LANDING GEAR 

CHECKLIST 

NOTE 

When operating in the KDAB area, do not initiate this procedure 

until ERAU Flight Operations and Fleet Maintenance have been 

notified. Before initiating this procedure, proceed to a safe 

holding area, or request radar vectors from ATC. 

Before extending the landing gear manually: 

1. BATTERY MASTER SWITCH ............................................ VERIFY ON 

2. ALTERNATOR SWITCH .................................................... VERIFY ON 

3. CIRCUIT BREAKERS ............................................................... CHECK 

4. NAV LIGHT (Daytime).................................................................... OFF 

5. GEAR INDICATOR LIGHTS ...................................................... CHECK 

If the landing gear does not check down and locked: 

6. AIRSPEED ....................................................................... 87 KIAS MAX 

7. GEAR SELECTOR ..................................................................... DOWN 

8. EMERGENCY GEAR LEVER................... HOLD EMERGENCY DOWN 

9. GEAR INDICATOR LIGHTS ..................................... CHECK/3-GREEN 

10. MANUAL EXTENSION OF LANDING GEAR CHECKLIST .................... 

.................................................................................................. COMPLETE 

Before extending the landing gear manually: 

1. BATTERY MASTER SWITCH VERIFY ON 

VERIFY that the BATTERY MASTER SWITCH is in the ON position. 

2. ALTERNATOR SWITCH VERIFY ON 

VERIFY that the ALTERNATOR SWITCH is in the ON position. 

3. CIRCUIT BREAKERS CHECK 

CHECK that all CIRCUIT BREAKERS are IN by running your hand across 

the circuit breaker panel to confirm. Do not reset a “popped” circuit breaker 

more than one time to avoid the possibility of an electrical fire. 

4. NAV LIGHTS (Daytime) OFF 

During Daytime operations, verify that the NAV LIGHT switch is in the OFF 

position. 


144 PA-28R-201 SOP 

5. GEAR INDICATOR LIGHTS CHECK 

CHECK the GEAR INDICATOR LIGHTS to ensure that each is secured 

properly. Interchange lights to determine if a light has burned out. 

If the landing gear does not check down and locked: 

6. AIRSPEED 87 KIAS MAX 

Adjust the indicated AIRSPEED for operation not to exceed 87 KIAS MAX. 

7. GEAR SELECTOR DOWN 

Place the GEAR SELECTOR in the DOWN position. 

8. EMERGENCY GEAR LEVER HOLD EMERGENCY DOWN 

Move and HOLD the EMERGENCY GEAR LEVER down to the 

EMERGENCY DOWN position. 

9. GEAR INDICATOR LIGHTS CHECK/3-GREEN 

CHECK the GEAR INDICATOR LIGHTS to verify that the 3-GREEN lights 

are illuminated. 

10. MANUAL EXTENSION OF LANDING GEAR CHECKLIST 

COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the MANUAL EXTENSION OF LANDING GEAR 




PA-28R-201 SOP 145 

GEAR UP LANDING (INTENTIONAL) CHECKLIST 

Ensure that all available resources have been exhausted in an 

effort to correct the landing gear extension problem. Refer to 

the ERAU Flight Operations Manual for additional guidance. 

If unsuccessful in extending the landing gear manually: 

1. AIRSPEED ................................................................................ 72 KIAS 

2. FLAPS .............................................................................................. 40° 

3. GEAR SELECTOR ............................................................................ UP 


Just before touchdown: 







11. AIRSPEED .............................................. MINIMUM AT TOUCHDOWN 

12. GEAR UP LANDING CHECKLIST ..................................... COMPLETE 

If unsuccessful in extending the landing gear manually: 


Establish a stabilized approach to the runway at 72 KIAS. 

2. FLAPS 40° 

EXTEND the FLAPS to the 40° position. 

3. GEAR SELECTOR UP 

Verify that the GEAR SELECTOR is in the UP position. 


Ensure that all occupant(s’) SEATBELTS and shoulder HARNESSES, if 

applicable, are ON and adjusted (per 14 CFR Part 91.107). 

Just before touchdown: 




146 PA-28R-201 SOP 










Move the FUEL SELECTOR to the OFF position. 

11. AIRSPEED MINIMUM AT TOUCHDOWN 

Execute the roundout and flare to achieve an AIRSPEED at MINIMUM AT 

TOUCHDOWN. 

12. GEAR UP LANDING CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the GEAR UP LANDING CHECKLIST, verify that all 



PA-28R-201 SOP 147 

ELECTRICAL OVERLOAD CHECKLIST 


If ammeter indications do not decrease: 


3. AIRPORT ..................................................................................... LAND 

If ammeter indications decrease: 


5. AMMETER .............................................. MONITOR/BELOW 60 AMPS 

6. ELECTRICAL OVERLOAD CHECKLIST ............................ COMPLETE 


Depress the BATTERY MASTER SWITCH to the OFF position prevent the 

battery from overheating, exploding, or igniting (fire). 

If ammeter indications do not decrease: 





If ammeter indications decrease: 


Depress the BATTERY MASTER SWITCH to the ON position. 

5. AMMETER MONITOR/BELOW 60 AMPS 

MONITOR the operation of the operating alternator and MAINTAIN an 

electrical load BELOW 60 AMPS. 

6. ELECTRICAL OVERLOAD CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the ELECTRICAL OVERLOAD CHECKLIST, verify that 

all items have been accomplished and that the checklist is COMPLETE. 


148 PA-28R-201 SOP 

ELECTRICAL FAILURE CHECKLIST 

ALT annunciator light illuminates. 

1. AMMETER .................................................................. CHECK/VERIFY 

2. ELECTRICAL LOAD ............................................................... REDUCE 


4. ALTERNATOR CIRCUIT BREAKER .......................... CHECK (RESET) 

5. ALTERNATOR SWITCH (after 1 second) ......................................... ON 

If power is not restored: 


7. ELECTRICAL LOAD ............................................................... REDUCE 

8. AIRPORT ..................................................................................... LAND 

9. ELECTRICAL FAILURE CHECKLIST ................................. COMPLETE 

1. AMMETER CHECK/VERIFY 

CHECK the AMMETER to VERIFY that the alternator has failed (zero 

reading). 

NOTE 

Verify a failed alternator by turning on an electrically-powered 

device (such as a landing light). If no increase in ammeter 

reading is noted, assume the alternator has failed. 

2. ELECTRICAL LOAD REDUCE 

REDUCE the ELECTRICAL LOAD by turning off non-essential electricallypowered 

devices. 



4. ALTERNATOR CIRCUIT BREAKER CHECK (RESET) 

CHECK that the CIRCUIT BREAKER for the alternator is IN. If not, RESET 

the circuit breaker to the IN position. 

5. ALTERNATOR SWITCH (after 1 second) ON 


If power is not restored: 




PA-28R-201 SOP 149 

7. ELECTRICAL LOAD REDUCE 

REDUCE the ELECTRICAL LOAD as much as possible. 

NOTE 

All electrical load is being supplied by the battery. 



9. ELECTRICAL FAILURE CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the ELECTRICAL FAILURE CHECKLIST, verify that all 



150 PA-28R-201 SOP 

CABIN DOOR OPEN IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST 

If the cabin door is not latched at the top or side, the door will 

trail, slightly open. Normal flight characteristic will not be 

affected. No attempt should be made to close the entry door 

until the aircraft is in a safe area at a safe altitude. 

To close the cabin door in flight: 

1. AIRSPEED ............................................................................... 87 KIAS 

2. CABIN VENTS ........................................................................... CLOSE 

3. STORM WINDOW ....................................................................... OPEN 

Close the cabin door as appropriate: 

4. ONLY TOP OPEN ............................................... PULL STRAP/LATCH 

5. ONLY SIDE OPEN ......................................... PULL ARMREST/LATCH 

6. CABIN DOOR OPEN ........... LATCH SIDE LATCH, THEN TOP LATCH 

7. CABIN DOOR OPEN IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST ................... COMPLETE 

To close the cabin door in flight: 


Maintain an AIRSPEED of 87 KIAS to allow the cabin door to be swung 

open slightly to before closing. 

2. CABIN VENTS CLOSE 

CLOSE all CABIN VENTS. 

3. STORM WINDOW OPEN 

OPEN the pilot’ side STORM WINDOW to allow air to escape when closing 

the cabin door. 

Close the cabin door as appropriate: 

4. ONLY TOP OPEN PULL STRAP/LATCH 

If ONLY the TOP of the cabin door is OPEN, PULL the top door STRAP 

and turn the top lever forward to LATCH. 

5. ONLY SIDE OPEN PULL ARMREST/LATCH 

If ONLY the SIDE of the door is OPEN, PULL on the ARMREST and push 

down on the lever to LATCH. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 151 

6. CABIN DOOR OPEN LATCH SIDE LATCH, THEN TOP LATCH 

If the CABIN DOOR is OPEN and not latched at the top or side, PULL on 

the ARMREST and push down on the lever to LATCH first. Then, PULL 

the top door STRAP and turn the top lever forward to LATCH. 

7. CABIN DOOR OPEN IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the CABIN DOOR OPEN IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST, 


COMPLETE. 


152 PA-28R-201 SOP 

BAGGAGE DOOR OPEN IN FLIGHT 

The baggage door may come unlatched in flight, during or after 

takeoff, if it is not properly closed and latched. Improperly 

closed and latched, the door may open to its full or intermediate 

position, depending on the speed of the aircraft. In addition, 

considerable wind noise will occur and loose objects in the 

vicinity of the open door may exit the airplane. From inside the 

airplane, there is no way to shut and latch the door. 

1. AIRPORT ..................................................................................... LAND 

2. BAGGAGE DOOR ........................................................... LATCH/LOCK 

3. BAGGAGE DOOR OPEN IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST ............ COMPLETE 



2. BAGGAGE DOOR LATCH/LOCK 

LATCH the BAGGAGE DOOR securely and LOCK the door with the 

appropriate key. Verify that the baggage door is locked by depressing the 

small rectangular latch release button to ensure that the latch and door will 

not open. 

3. BAGGAGE DOOR OPEN IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST COMPLETE 

Upon completion of the BAGGAGE DOOR OPEN IN FLIGHT CHECKLIST, 


COMPLETE. 


PA-28R-201 SOP 153 

End of PA-28R-201 SOP

checklist - ERAU ETA - Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

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