Chapter Outline Sample

~Section 4: The Enlightenment and Democratic Revolutions~
Enlightenment Thinkers and Ideas
Enlightenment: an intellectual movement that many enlightenment thinkers tried to apply the
principles of reason and the methods of science to all aspects of society
-Hobbes and Locke
Social Contract: the agreement between citizens and the government.
Natural Rights: an individual’s born rights.
-Voltaire and Rousseau
-Montesquieu
Separation of Powers: government divided into three separate branches: legislative, executive,
and courts to interpret them.
The Beginnings of Democracy in America
-Americans Protest British Policies
-Americans Win Independence
-Enlightenment Ideas Shape the Constitution
Representative Government: all citizens elect representatives to make laws and policies for
them.
Federal System: government separated between the federal or central governments.
The French Revolution
-Causes of the Revolution
-Early Reforms of the Revolution
-Democratic Reforms Undone
The Struggle for Democracy Continues
-The United Nations Promotes Democracy
United Nations:
-New Movements Towards Democracy