Environmental Technologies and Eco-innovation in the Czech ...
Environmental Technologies and Eco-innovation in the Czech ... Environmental Technologies and Eco-innovation in the Czech ...
8 | Effective Waste Management Waste is not only an epiphenomenon of the non-efficient treatment of nonrenewable natural resources, but it is also a resource of raw materials and energies of increasing importance. Waste disposal and incomplete combustion of waste represent a pollution source for soil, water and air by hazardous substances (toxic metals and persistent organic pollutants, etc.). Waste management is a modern cross-technology field. It concerns both production and consumption and includes raw material extraction and processing, manufacturing and product consumption. It focuses on minimalisation waste production, efficient material and energy conversion of waste, and deals with waste treatment and disposal. The hierarchy of waste disposal is provided in Act No. 185/2001 Coll. on waste. Minimalisation waste production and increasing the recycling rate is limited by economic potential and require not only new economic incentives, but mainly changes in the behaviour of producers and consumers. The need for reducing environmental burdens and the abatement supply of primary raw materials make it essential to recover reusable materials from waste. That is why there is relatively fast growth in the number and capacity of recycling facilities in the Czech Republic. Most eco-innovative technologies in waste management regard waste as a raw material. Technologies aimed at extraction selected materials from waste, technologies for recovering precious substances (such as precious metals) and technologies for processing biodegradable waste all contribute to the material utilisation of waste. 8.1 | The material utilisation of waste 8.1.1 | Recycling of cooling systems In the Czech Republic, PRAKTIK LIBEREC, s.r.o. deals with the recycling of cooling systems and removal of Freon from cooling equipment. It is a safe processing technology for end of life cooling systems such as refrigerators and air-conditioning units from buildings and cars. In all these appliances, CFC is used as a refrigerant. CFCs, if released into the atmosphere, harm the Earth’s ozone layer, which causes the penetration of an increased amount of UV-B radiation on the Earth’s surface.
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8 | Effective Waste Management<br />
Waste is not only an epiphenomenon of <strong>the</strong> non-efficient treatment of nonrenewable<br />
natural resources, but it is also a resource of raw materials <strong>and</strong> energies<br />
of <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g importance. Waste disposal <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>complete combustion of waste represent<br />
a pollution source for soil, water <strong>and</strong> air by hazardous substances (toxic metals <strong>and</strong><br />
persistent organic pollutants, etc.).<br />
Waste management is a modern cross-technology field. It concerns both production<br />
<strong>and</strong> consumption <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>cludes raw material extraction <strong>and</strong> process<strong>in</strong>g, manufactur<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>and</strong> product consumption. It focuses on m<strong>in</strong>imalisation waste production, efficient<br />
material <strong>and</strong> energy conversion of waste, <strong>and</strong> deals with waste treatment <strong>and</strong> disposal.<br />
The hierarchy of waste disposal is provided <strong>in</strong> Act No. 185/2001 Coll. on waste.<br />
M<strong>in</strong>imalisation waste production <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> recycl<strong>in</strong>g rate is limited by<br />
economic potential <strong>and</strong> require not only new economic <strong>in</strong>centives, but ma<strong>in</strong>ly changes<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> behaviour of producers <strong>and</strong> consumers. The need for reduc<strong>in</strong>g environmental<br />
burdens <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> abatement supply of primary raw materials make it essential to recover<br />
reusable materials from waste. That is why <strong>the</strong>re is relatively fast growth <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
number <strong>and</strong> capacity of recycl<strong>in</strong>g facilities <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> Republic. Most eco-<strong>in</strong>novative<br />
technologies <strong>in</strong> waste management regard waste as a raw material. <strong>Technologies</strong><br />
aimed at extraction selected materials from waste, technologies for recover<strong>in</strong>g precious<br />
substances (such as precious metals) <strong>and</strong> technologies for process<strong>in</strong>g biodegradable<br />
waste all contribute to <strong>the</strong> material utilisation of waste.<br />
8.1 | The material utilisation of waste<br />
8.1.1 | Recycl<strong>in</strong>g of cool<strong>in</strong>g systems<br />
In <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> Republic, PRAKTIK LIBEREC, s.r.o. deals with <strong>the</strong> recycl<strong>in</strong>g of cool<strong>in</strong>g<br />
systems <strong>and</strong> removal of Freon from cool<strong>in</strong>g equipment. It is a safe process<strong>in</strong>g<br />
technology for end of life cool<strong>in</strong>g systems such as refrigerators <strong>and</strong> air-condition<strong>in</strong>g<br />
units from build<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>and</strong> cars. In all <strong>the</strong>se appliances, CFC is used as a refrigerant.<br />
CFCs, if released <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> atmosphere, harm <strong>the</strong> Earth’s ozone layer, which causes <strong>the</strong><br />
penetration of an <strong>in</strong>creased amount of UV-B radiation on <strong>the</strong> Earth’s surface.
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