Environmental Technologies and Eco-innovation in the Czech ...

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Technology Platform for Biofuels in Transport and the Chemical Industry was established. Its main aim is the sustainable production of biofuels in the Czech Republic. In order to thoroughly survey the market with chemical agents and substances and to prevent unauthorized chemicals from entering the market, the EU adopted a new chemical policy (REACH 3 ) in 2006. This was incorporated into Czech legislation by Act No. 356/2003 Coll., on chemical substances and chemical preparations. The implementation of REACH will ensure that only those chemicals that have known properties and do not represent a threat to production plant personnel, product users and the environment will be produced and used in the EU by 2020. The act on chemical agents and preparations also mandates the marking of chemical products. 7.1 | Aniline production using waste heat Aniline is an organic compound used in the production of azo-dyes 4 and drugs. Aniline production is subject to a research conducted at the Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague in cooperation with BorsodChem MCHZ, s.r.o. The principle of aniline production is the catalytic reduction 5 of nitrobenzene 6 by using hydrogen through many columns for insulating pure aniline. There are several reduction systems that basically differ in the reactor and catalyst used. Adjustments to technology and subsequent increases in aniline production capacity to 150 kilotons per year together with many modifications aimed at reducing investment costs and improving power consumption made the process self-sufficient in terms of heat consumption; in addition, it produces up to 1 ton of steam per 1 ton of aniline. This is used externally in nitrobenzene production. Thanks to better use of the power produced during the production process, no external power resources are required. In 2003, the knowhow and a licence for producing 150 kilotons of aniline per year were sold to Tosoh Corporation, a Japanese company. After the Japan unit was put into operation in 2005, the technology has been producing almost 10% of the world’s consumption of aniline. The Czech Republic produces 5%, which is the largest amount within basic chemical products. 3 REACH – Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 on the registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals and on the establishment of a European Chemicals Agency, REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of CHemicals) 4 azo-dyes – the most numerous and the most important group of organic dyes that includes all shades from yellow to black 5 catalytic reduction – chemical reactions with the use of a catalyst 6 nitrobenzene – an organic compound, the basic raw material for the production of aniline and azo-dyes 90 | 91
7.2 | Production of rapeseed oil methyl ester Rapeseed oil methyl ester and bioethanol are 1 st generation engine biofuels. Czech legislation requires adding biofuels to engine fuels. In 2009, 4.5% biodiesel shall be added to all diesel oil. Rapeseed oil methyl ester (ROME) is 98% biologically degradable within 21 days, therefore improving the properties of blends with engine oil. By-products are additionally used in the chemical industry. The power balance of the entire ROME production cycle shows that the overall power content of the products produced from input energy is six times or, as the case may be, three times higher (according to the evaluation methodology used) than the input energy. The ROME and biodiesel production processes are outlined in Fig. 2. FIG. 2 | Technological scheme of biodiesel production RAPE Pressing Rapeseed oil Rape compacts components of feed mixes Transesterification ROME Organic component Glycerol Blending Distillation Distillation Biodiesel Fatty acids Glycerine SOURCE | Biomasa [online]
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Environmental Technologies and Eco-
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Environmental Technologies and Eco-
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Foreword Environmental protection i
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Environmental Protection Policy
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Although many environmental technol
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Technology Action Plan and of suppl
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significantly lower environmental i
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● permits to operate equipment an
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construction can proceed despite th
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1.2.3 | Environmental technologies
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justifies the preparation of the Pr
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in the areas of Production of Heat
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1. Measures requiring new legislati
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2 | Environmentally Friendly Genera
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TABLE 2 | Electricity generation fr
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2.2.3 | Biomass combustion The comb
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2.2.4 | Photovoltaic power plants B
Page 41 and 42: The steam being produced by existin
Page 43 and 44: esources equipped with CCS are iden
Page 45 and 46: 2.8 | Increasing energy efficiency
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Page 50 and 51: 3.1 | Increasing the efficiency of
Page 52 and 53: 3.4 | CNG technology Using CNG for
Page 54 and 55: Transportation a.s., which also mod
Page 56 and 57: for monitoring the characteristics
Page 59 and 60: 4 | Technologies Reducing Greenhous
Page 61 and 62: ammonia and malodorous substances i
Page 63 and 64: applied during summer months when o
Page 65: Material Efficiency
Page 68 and 69: TABLE 8 | Changes in installed capa
Page 70 and 71: cooperation with the Faculty of Ele
Page 72 and 73: 5.2 | Czech Nanospider - a global t
Page 74 and 75: 5.4 | Experience with the operation
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Page 79 and 80: 6 | Sustainable Water Management Wa
Page 81 and 82: Because the drinking water shall su
Page 83 and 84: Biological waste water treatment ma
Page 85 and 86: The oxidation of ammonia nitrogen t
Page 87 and 88: 6.5 | Modern physical methods in th
Page 89: Environmental Protection in Connect
Page 94 and 95: Legend of the terms: Transesterific
Page 96 and 97: can bind calcium and magnesium salt
Page 99 and 100: 8 | Effective Waste Management Wast
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Page 103 and 104: station cogeneration units 5 . Wast
Page 105 and 106: For the aforementioned reasons, the
Page 108 and 109: Conclusion The application of envir
Page 110 and 111: RES - renewable energy sources ROME
Page 112 and 113: DOLEJŠ, J., aj. Ověřování biop
Page 114 and 115: KABEŠ, K. Vodíkové hospodářstv
Page 116: Srovnávací tabulka evropských in
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