Environmental Technologies and Eco-innovation in the Czech ...
Environmental Technologies and Eco-innovation in the Czech ... Environmental Technologies and Eco-innovation in the Czech ...
simultaneously reduces ammonia emissions by at least 30% compared to stabling with mattresses or straw. In a plastic litter production line, solids are separated from raw cattle slurry that is freed of pathogenic microorganisms 8 during aerobic controlled high-speed composting. The composting process can be accelerated by adding suitable biotechnological addtitives that increase the temperature in stowing and improve the hygienic parameters of final products (see chapter 4.1 Biotechnological additives). Because plastic litter complies with the required characteristics of high-grade compost, any excess material may be used as a growing substrate. Collective farm Krásná Hora nad Vltavou a. s. has been making use of plastic litter in dairy cow stables for five years. The farmers’ coop uses plastic litter in its farm in Petrovice by employing aerobic high-speed composting in oblong heaps. Throughout this entire period of using plastic litter, microclimatic conditions have been periodically monitored in individual stables. It has been determined that annual ammonia emissions per dairy cow have decreased on average by 35% compared to stabling with mattresses or straw litter. 4.3.3 | Trigeneration Controlled anaerobic fermentation 9 of biodegradable agricultural waste enables the use of energy bound in waste for producing biogas with a methane content of 50–75%. Biogas is used in common cogeneration units for producing thermal and electric energy (see Chapter 8.2.1 Biodegradable waste utilisation through the anaerobic digestion process). Biogas may also be used for cooling through trigeneration, which is a combined production of electric energy, heat and cold. A cogeneration unit is supplemented with an absorption thermal convertor that enables the conversion of thermal energy into cold. The main benefit of absorption cooling is that thermal energy is used as output energy. It is cheaper than electric energy (mainly used in classical compressor cooling). Trigeneration is especially 8 pathogenic organisms – disease-producing organisms 9 fermentation – a biotechnological process in which organic substances are gradually converted by the presence of microbial enzymes (ferments) to more elementary substances 60 | 61
applied during summer months when output heat from biogas stations is used in the air-conditioning of residential, administrative and technological buildings. The implementation of trigeneration is planned at SP Poběžovice, a.s., a pig farm. Excessive thermal energy will be used in an absorption cooling unit that will be interconnected to a biogas station cogeneration unit that is already in use. The electric current produced by the station will be partially used in the facility and partially distributed to the public network. Waste heat will be used at the facility and for heating a fermenter 10 . The digestate 11 will be used to produce organic and inorganic fertilizers and distilled water. Part of the technology will also be used in a distilled water packaging line. At SP Poběžovice, installation of an all-season solar power plant is being planned, as is the construction of a waste water treatment plant – sludge produced in the WWTP will be used in the biogas station. The operator additionally plans to build greenhouses on adjacent parcels. Electric current and excessive heat produced in the biogas station will be used for heating and illuminating these greenhouses. 10 fermenter – a device providing ideal conditions for fermentation, such as the supply of required gasses, mixing, temperature, pH and oxidation 11 digestate – a residue after aerobic digestion, when registration conditions are met, it can be used as a fertilizer on agricultural land
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applied dur<strong>in</strong>g summer months when output heat from biogas stations is used <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
air-condition<strong>in</strong>g of residential, adm<strong>in</strong>istrative <strong>and</strong> technological build<strong>in</strong>gs.<br />
The implementation of trigeneration is planned at SP Poběžovice, a.s., a pig farm.<br />
Excessive <strong>the</strong>rmal energy will be used <strong>in</strong> an absorption cool<strong>in</strong>g unit that will be<br />
<strong>in</strong>terconnected to a biogas station cogeneration unit that is already <strong>in</strong> use. The electric<br />
current produced by <strong>the</strong> station will be partially used <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> facility <strong>and</strong> partially<br />
distributed to <strong>the</strong> public network. Waste heat will be used at <strong>the</strong> facility <strong>and</strong> for heat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
a fermenter 10 . The digestate 11 will be used to produce organic <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>organic fertilizers<br />
<strong>and</strong> distilled water. Part of <strong>the</strong> technology will also be used <strong>in</strong> a distilled water packag<strong>in</strong>g<br />
l<strong>in</strong>e. At SP Poběžovice, <strong>in</strong>stallation of an all-season solar power plant is be<strong>in</strong>g planned,<br />
as is <strong>the</strong> construction of a waste water treatment plant – sludge produced <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> WWTP<br />
will be used <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> biogas station. The operator additionally plans to build greenhouses<br />
on adjacent parcels. Electric current <strong>and</strong> excessive heat produced <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> biogas station<br />
will be used for heat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> illum<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>se greenhouses.<br />
10 fermenter – a device provid<strong>in</strong>g ideal conditions for fermentation, such as <strong>the</strong> supply of required gasses, mix<strong>in</strong>g, temperature,<br />
pH <strong>and</strong> oxidation<br />
11 digestate – a residue after aerobic digestion, when registration conditions are met, it can be used as a fertilizer on<br />
agricultural l<strong>and</strong>
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