Environmental Technologies and Eco-innovation in the Czech ...

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3.4 | CNG technology Using CNG for vehicles means almost zero emissions of solid pollutants of PM and SO 2 , CO 2 emissions lower by 10 to 15% compared to diesel engines and by 20 to 25% lower compared to petrol engines. CNG also reduces NO x emissions by up to 60% compared to diesel engines. CNG engines contribute to the reduction of ground-level ozone 5 production. Another important property is more silent running compared to classical engines. CNG vehicles also have a longer travelling distance, lower operating costs and in the event of fire, there is virtually no risk of fuel tank explosion. Disadvantages include higher purchase costs and insufficient infrastructure. In the Czech Republic, there are several manufacturers of CNG buses (Tedom s.r.o., SOR Libchavy spol. s r.o., Iveco Czech Republic, a. s., Ekobus a.s.), filling stations (Vítkovice Cylinders a.s., Bonett Bohemia, a.s., Adast Systems, a.s.) and a leading global manufacturer of seamless pressure containers (Vítkovice Cylinders a.s.). Compared to some other countries (Italy 432 900, Germany 68 700, Sweden 13 400, Switzerland 3 600 vehicles), their rate of use in the Czech Republic is low at the moment, only approximately 1 300 vehicles. The potential of using CNG technology in transportation is high and depends on legislation, the supply of vehicles and infrastructure. In the Czech Republic, there is legislative support in the form of a zero consumer tax and vehicle excise duty, subsidies for the purchase of public mass transport vehicles and public line traffic vehicles. However, infrastructure and the selection of CNG vehicles are insufficient. The gas company RWE Transgas, a.s., buys Opel Combo CNG in order to renew its fleet. The CO 2 emissions in these vehicles are 132 g per kilometre, i.e. 15 g less than in vehicles the company was using before. At the annual load of 30 000 km, one vehicle produces 450 kg of CO 2 less. RWE is planning to get more than 100 CNG vehicles, saving at least 45 tonnes of CO 2 per year. Gasfuelled company cars are also being implemented in VÍTKOVICE HOLDING, a.s. The fleet renewal will be completed in 2009 and as a result, all 200 current vehicles will be replaced with CNG cars. 5 ground-level ozone – a hazardous gas that is found just above the Earth’s surface 50 | 51
3.5 | Hydrogen technologies The first hydrogen-propelled bus in the Czech Republic is being developed at Škoda Electric a.s. in cooperation with foreign partners. Its concept is based on trolley buses produced by the same manufacturer. The main power source is a fuel cell with secondary traction batteries and ultra-capacitors 6 . Hydrogen is stored on the vehicle’s roof in high-pressure containers. A control system allows for energy recovery in secondary resources and its reuse during acceleration. Board indicators will also include a presentation for passengers that will provide an easy-to-understand explanation of the function of individual components and at the same time will display the instant and overall savings of pollutant emissions. The bus will be operated within the public mass transport system in Neratovice, where the first Czech hydrogen filling station will be put into operation for this purpose. The main partner is Linde Gas a.s., which will provide fuel supplies in the future. Use of hydrogen drives means almost zero gas emissions. For example, a twelvecylinder engine in a BMW Hydrogen 7 vehicle, which allows for the combustion of hydrogen and petrol, produces only 5.2 grams of CO 2 per kilometre if fuelled by hydrogen. The use of hydrogen drives currently has many technical problems starting with the need to liquidize hydrogen and keep it in liquid state. In the Czech Republic, the gradual expansion of the use of hydrogen drives is planned over the long-term. As with other alternative fuels, legislative support, the selection of vehicles and the establishment of sufficient infrastructure is necessary. 3.6 | Electric drives The Czech Republic is one of the leading manufacturers of trolleybuses, trams and electric railway engines. Trolleybuses are manufactured by Škoda Electric a.s., SOR Libchavy spol. s r.o. and Dopravní podnik Ostrava a.s. The manufacturers of trams are Škoda Transportation a.s. and Inekon Group, a.s., whereas Pragoimex a.s., Krnovské opravny a strojírny s.r.o. and Pars nova a.s. deal with overall modernizations and renovations. A manufacturer of electric railway engines and suburban units is Škoda 6 ultra-capacitor – a condenser with a high capacity of many thousands of Farads that is capable of fast charging and discharging
Page 1 and 2: Environmental Technologies and Eco-
Page 3 and 4: Environmental Technologies and Eco-
Page 6: Foreword Environmental protection i
Page 9: Environmental Protection Policy
Page 12 and 13: Although many environmental technol
Page 14 and 15: Technology Action Plan and of suppl
Page 16 and 17: significantly lower environmental i
Page 18 and 19: ● permits to operate equipment an
Page 20 and 21: construction can proceed despite th
Page 22 and 23: 1.2.3 | Environmental technologies
Page 24 and 25: justifies the preparation of the Pr
Page 26 and 27: in the areas of Production of Heat
Page 28 and 29: 1. Measures requiring new legislati
Page 30 and 31: 28 | 29
Page 33 and 34: 2 | Environmentally Friendly Genera
Page 35 and 36: TABLE 2 | Electricity generation fr
Page 37 and 38: 2.2.3 | Biomass combustion The comb
Page 39 and 40: 2.2.4 | Photovoltaic power plants B
Page 41 and 42: The steam being produced by existin
Page 43 and 44: esources equipped with CCS are iden
Page 45 and 46: 2.8 | Increasing energy efficiency
Page 47: Environmentally Friendly Motor Tran
Page 50 and 51: 3.1 | Increasing the efficiency of
Page 54 and 55: Transportation a.s., which also mod
Page 56 and 57: for monitoring the characteristics
Page 59 and 60: 4 | Technologies Reducing Greenhous
Page 61 and 62: ammonia and malodorous substances i
Page 63 and 64: applied during summer months when o
Page 65: Material Efficiency
Page 68 and 69: TABLE 8 | Changes in installed capa
Page 70 and 71: cooperation with the Faculty of Ele
Page 72 and 73: 5.2 | Czech Nanospider - a global t
Page 74 and 75: 5.4 | Experience with the operation
Page 76 and 77: 74 | 75
Page 79 and 80: 6 | Sustainable Water Management Wa
Page 81 and 82: Because the drinking water shall su
Page 83 and 84: Biological waste water treatment ma
Page 85 and 86: The oxidation of ammonia nitrogen t
Page 87 and 88: 6.5 | Modern physical methods in th
Page 89: Environmental Protection in Connect
Page 92 and 93: Technology Platform for Biofuels in
Page 94 and 95: Legend of the terms: Transesterific
Page 96 and 97: can bind calcium and magnesium salt
Page 99 and 100: 8 | Effective Waste Management Wast
Page 101 and 102: flowerbed pavements, fence planks,
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station cogeneration units 5 . Wast
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For the aforementioned reasons, the
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Conclusion The application of envir
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RES - renewable energy sources ROME
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DOLEJŠ, J., aj. Ověřování biop
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KABEŠ, K. Vodíkové hospodářstv
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Srovnávací tabulka evropských in
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