Rome Wasn't Digitized in a Day - Council on Library and Information ...

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iii Contents ABOUT THE AUTHOR ...................................................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................................... vi AUTHOR’S NOTE .............................................................................................................................................. vi KEY ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................................... vi FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................................ ix INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 1 CLASSICS AND COMPUTERS: A LONG HISTORY .................................................................................... 1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY CLASSICAL DIGITAL LIBRARIES: ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES ............................................................................................................................................................. 7 Bibliographies/Catalogs/Directories ................................................................................................................... 9 Document Analysis, Recognition, and Optical Character Recognition for Historical Languages .................... 12 Ancient Greek ............................................................................................................................................... 13 Lat<strong>in</strong> .............................................................................................................................................................. 16 Sanskrit .......................................................................................................................................................... 20 Syriac............................................................................................................................................................. 23 Cuneiform Texts and Sumerian..................................................................................................................... 27 Digital Editions and Text Edit<strong>in</strong>g...................................................................................................................... 32 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 32 Theoretical Issues of Model<strong>in</strong>g and Markup for Digital Editions ................................................................. 33 New Models of Collaboration, Tools, and Frameworks for Digital Editions ............................................... 40 The Challenges of Text Alignment and Text Variants .................................................................................. 44 Computational L<strong>in</strong>guistics and Natural Language Process<strong>in</strong>g .......................................................................... 48 Treebanks ...................................................................................................................................................... 48 Morphological Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 50 Lexicons ........................................................................................................................................................ 52 Canonical Text Services, Citation Detection, and Citation L<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g ................................................................. 56 Text M<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g, Quotation Detection, and Authorship Attribution ....................................................................... 60 THE DISCIPLINES AND TECHNOLOGIES OF DIGITAL CLASSICS ................................................... 62 Ancient History ................................................................................................................................................. 62 Classical Archaeology ....................................................................................................................................... 63 Overview ....................................................................................................................................................... 63 Electronic Publish<strong>in</strong>g and Traditional Publish<strong>in</strong>g ......................................................................................... 64 Data Creation, Data Shar<strong>in</strong>g, and Digital Dissem<strong>in</strong>ation .............................................................................. 66 Data Integration, Digital Repositories, and Cyber<strong>in</strong>frastructure for Archaeology........................................ 69 Design<strong>in</strong>g Digital Infrastructures for the Research Methods of Archaeology .............................................. 76 Visualization and 3-D Reconstructions of Archaeological Sites .................................................................. 82 Classical Art and Architecture .......................................................................................................................... 87 Classical Geography .......................................................................................................................................... 89 The Ancient World Mapp<strong>in</strong>g Center ............................................................................................................. 90 The Pleiades Project ...................................................................................................................................... 90 The HESTIA Project ..................................................................................................................................... 92 Epigraphy .......................................................................................................................................................... 96 Overview: Epigraphy Databases, Digital Epigraphy, and EpiDoc................................................................ 96 Onl<strong>in</strong>e Epigraphy Databases ....................................................................................................................... 101
iv EpiDoc-Based Digital Epigraphy Projects .................................................................................................. 105 The Challenges of L<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g Digital Epigraphy and Digital Classics Projects ............................................. 110 Advanced Imag<strong>in</strong>g Technologies for Epigraphy ......................................................................................... 115 Manuscript Studies .......................................................................................................................................... 117 Digital Libraries of Manuscripts ................................................................................................................. 118 Digital Challenges of Individual Manuscripts and Manuscript Collections ............................................... 123 Digital Manuscripts, Infrastructure, and Automatic L<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g Technologies ................................................ 128 Numismatics .................................................................................................................................................... 131 Numismatics Databases............................................................................................................................... 132 Numismatic Data Integration and Digital Publication ................................................................................ 135 Palaeography ................................................................................................................................................... 138 Papyrology ...................................................................................................................................................... 141 Digital Papyri Projects ................................................................................................................................ 142 Integrat<strong>in</strong>g Digital Collections of Papyri and Digital Infrastructure ........................................................... 146 EpiDoc, Digital Papyrology, and Reus<strong>in</strong>g Digital Resources ..................................................................... 150 Collaborative Workspaces, Image Analysis, and Read<strong>in</strong>g Support Systems .............................................. 152 Philology ......................................................................................................................................................... 157 Tools for Electronic Philology: BAMBI and Aristarchus ........................................................................... 158 Infrastructure for Digital Philology: The Teuchos Project .......................................................................... 160 Prosopography................................................................................................................................................. 164 Issues <strong>in</strong> the Creation of Prosopographical Databases ................................................................................ 165 Network Analysis and Digital Prosopography ............................................................................................ 167 Relational Databases and Model<strong>in</strong>g Prosopography ................................................................................... 169 Other Prosopographical Databases .............................................................................................................. 172 THE USE AND USERS OF RESOURCES IN DIGITAL CLASSICS AND THE DIGITAL HUMANITIES................................................................................................................................................... 175 Citation of Digital Classics Resources ............................................................................................................ 176 The Research Habits of Digital Humanists ..................................................................................................... 177 Humanist Use of Source Materials: Digital Library Design Implications ...................................................... 181 Creators of Digital Humanities Resources: Factors for Successful Use ......................................................... 184 “Traditional” Academic Use of Digital Humanities Resources ...................................................................... 186 The CSHE Study ......................................................................................................................................... 186 The LAIRAH Project .................................................................................................................................. 188 The RePAH Project ..................................................................................................................................... 190 The TIDSR Study ........................................................................................................................................ 193 OVERVIEW OF DIGITAL CLASSICS CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE ..................................................... 195 Requirements of Cyber<strong>in</strong>frastructure for Classics .......................................................................................... 195 Open-Access Repositories of Secondary Scholarship ................................................................................. 195 Open Access, Collaboration, Reuse, and Digital Classics .......................................................................... 196 Undergraduate Research, Teach<strong>in</strong>g, and E-Learn<strong>in</strong>g .................................................................................. 202 Look<strong>in</strong>g Backward: State of Digital Classics <strong>in</strong> 2005 ................................................................................ 209 Look<strong>in</strong>g Forward: Classics Cyber<strong>in</strong>frastructure, Themes, and Requirements <strong>in</strong> 2010 ............................... 210 Classics Cyber<strong>in</strong>frastructure Projects.............................................................................................................. 215 APIS—Advanced Papyrological Information System ................................................................................ 215 CLAROS—Classical Art Research Onl<strong>in</strong>e Services .................................................................................. 215 Concordia .................................................................................................................................................... 216 Digital Antiquity ......................................................................................................................................... 216 Digital Classicist ......................................................................................................................................... 216 eAQUA ....................................................................................................................................................... 216 eSAD—e-Science and Ancient Documents ................................................................................................ 217
Page 1 and 2: "Rome Wasn
Page 3: ii ISBN 978-1-932326-38-3 CLIR Publ
Page 7 and 8: vi ABOUT THE AUTHOR Alison Babeu ha
Page 9 and 10: viii PBW PCA PDB PDL PHI PLANETS PN
Page 11 and 12: x pursuit of knowledge about the an
Page 13 and 14: 2 and intellectual
Page 15 and 16: 4 associations to work together, an
Page 17 and 18: 6 briefly explore issues that are n
Page 19 and 20: 8 for English translations of Greek
Page 21 and 22: 10 is created of the entire bibliog
Page 23 and 24: 12 directory of more than 2,100 cat
Page 25 and 26: 14 generated by the decision tree p
Page 27 and 28: 16 The image-registration algorithm
Page 29 and 30: 18 Schibel and Rydberg-Cox argued t
Page 31 and 32: 20 information ret
Page 33 and 34: 22 In ancient manuscripts, Sanskrit
Page 35 and 36: 24 algorithms; ins
Page 37 and 38: 26 Markov Models (MEMM) 82 and outp
Page 39 and 40: 28 One major project to recently em
Page 41 and 42: 30 developed a cuneiform sign reper
Page 43 and 44: 32 and prayers), and edited texts a
Page 45 and 46: 34 Digital critical editions, howev
Page 47 and 48: 36 While these requirements may see
Page 49 and 50: 38 many discrete texts, in<
Page 51 and 52: 40 examine how l<s
Page 53 and 54: 42 The second fact that Rob
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44 “multimedia scholarly editions
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46 different apparatuses. In Bosche
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48 individual text
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50 In these cases we must provide a
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52 First, it utilizes a nearest nei
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54 entirely pre-searched for each l
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56 As this research in</str
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58 the inscription
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60 Text Min<strong
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62 This manual analysis provided a
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64 As illustrated by this def<stron
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66 archaeology as a discipl
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68 funded with public money <strong
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70 for re-use is a simple slogan, b
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72 framework to in
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74 then mapped to the CRM-EH so tha
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76 tDAR also stores all resources <
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78 Many look to their in</s
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80 Although the multidiscipl<strong
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82 computer science can make it pos
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84 were created after this time. A
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86 transparency, accessibility, ava
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88 (Research Archive for Ancient Sc
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90 This challenge of not just digit
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92 Part of the research of the Plei
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94 After correctin
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96 Epigraphy Overview: Epigraphy Da
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98 step, because epigraphic texts s
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100 text and to previous annotation
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102 and squeezes as well as a selec
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104 original); typ
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106 To begin this
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108 better set the in</stro
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110 Another related project that ha
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112 used to point
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114 names in texts
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116 and Manuscripts (VRE-SDM) 378 s
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118 level of storage in</st
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120 simplicity, and sensible file n
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122 compliant DTD and schema. 393 I
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124 While the advanced document-rec
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126 Another significant manuscript
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128 compelled to operate in
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130 Cayless thus developed a method
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132 must consider commercial and en
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134 standard developed for the desc
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136 to standard catalogs, identific
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138 present an extension and comb<s
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140 scholars in th
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142 described as the amicitia papyr
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144 to a full text transcription wh
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146 The final majo
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148 One is toward openness; the oth
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150 this idea of personal ownership
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152 prototype 512 in</stron
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154 other assertions made about par
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156 The conclusion drawn from this
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158 and that “is main</st
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160 philology available at the webs
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162 descriptions that provides scho
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164 of multilingua
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166 Another major methodological is
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168 ancient historians. Network ana
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170 Bradley and Short (2005) have o
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172 “apparently disconnected and
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174 sources used and their abbrevia
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176 resources, inc
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178 materials could be found, a rec
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180 or more documents (69 percent)
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182 This work tends to focus on des
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184 A related poin
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186 “infer user
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188 accessed; few providers, if any
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190 information so
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192 features. In addition, while pa
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194 postdoctoral students, who were
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196 computers by ancient historians
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198 Demos (a growin</strong
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200 database of this encyclopedia c
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202 academia.” At the same time,
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204 granted their views of the pote
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206 science and use ICT occasionall
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208 also declared that the m<strong
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210 were exceptionally diverse, as
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212 across virtual collections of d
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214 tradition of European literatur
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216 the related MILARQ project, 649
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218 initial fund<s
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220 SPQR—Supportin</stron
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222 environments in</strong
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224 become less “localized” wit
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226 methods,” Cohen et al. expla<
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228 One might have presumed that ou
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230 This lack of deeper understand<
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232 expertise, tools, experience, a
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234 All link<stron
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236 of architecture, tools and serv
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238 reported that eSAD was develop<
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240 semantic tools that would make
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242 Sustainable Pr
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244 A recent ARL report that explor
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246 organizations and fundi
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248 throughout this review, i.e., o
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250 commercial providers. At the sa
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252 representations beyond the bord
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254 such as Vindol
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256 that the question of in
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258 Linguistic Com
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260 resources and technology overvi
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262 According to B
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264 support the main</stron
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266 Interoperability”). 763 The m
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268 as the point o
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270 This architecture makes it easy
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272 [Aschenbrenner et al. 2008]. As
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274 Editions.” Advances i
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276 [Bodard et al. 2009]. Bodard, G
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278 [Bulger et al. 2011]. Bulger, M
Page 291 and 292:
280 [Choudhury and Stin</st
Page 293 and 294:
282 [Crane et al. 2009a]. Crane, Gr
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284 [Dué and Ebbott 2009]. Dué, C
Page 297 and 298:
286 [Flaten 2009]. Flaten, Arne R.
Page 299 and 300:
288 [Hardwick 2000]. Hardwick, Lorn
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290 Conference on E-Science Worksho
Page 303 and 304:
292 [Lockyear 2007]. Lockyear, Kris
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294 Cambridge, MA: Association for
Page 307 and 308:
296 [Ntzios et al. 2007]. Ntzios, K
Page 309 and 310:
298 [Reddy and Crane 2006]. Reddy,
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300 [Rydberg-Cox 2009]. Rydberg-Cox
Page 313 and 314:
302 [Smith 2010]. Smith, D. Neel.
Page 315 and 316:
304 and the Canadian Academic Commu
Page 317 and 318:
306 [Wallom et al. 2009]. Wallom, D
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