Rome Wasn't Digitized in a Day - Council on Library and Information ...

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269 services, or “build<strong>in</strong>g blocks of specialized functionality,” <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g functionalities such as tokenization, lemmatization, and collation that are “wrapped <strong>in</strong>to <strong>in</strong>dividual services to be re-used by other services or plugged <strong>in</strong>to an application environment”; (3) the TextGrid middleware; and (4) stable archives (Aschenbrenner et al. 2009). They have also developed a semantic service registry for TextGrid. Ziel<strong>in</strong>ski et al. have offered a concise summary of their approach: The TextGrid <strong>in</strong>frastructure is a multilayered system created with the motivation to hide the complex grid <strong>in</strong>frastructure … from the scholars and to make it possible to <strong>in</strong>tegrate external services with TextGrid tools. Basically <strong>in</strong> this service oriented architecture (SOA), there are three layers: the user <strong>in</strong>terface, a services layer with tools for textual analysis and text process<strong>in</strong>g, and the TextGrid middleware, which itself <strong>in</strong>cludes multiple layers (Ziel<strong>in</strong>ksi et al. 2009). Nonetheless, the TextGrid project faced a variety of data <strong>in</strong>teroperability challenges <strong>in</strong> terms of us<strong>in</strong>g the TEI as its basic form of markup, s<strong>in</strong>ce partner projects used the TEI at vary<strong>in</strong>g levels of sophistication. While they did not want to sacrifice the depth of semantic encod<strong>in</strong>g the TEI offered, they needed to def<strong>in</strong>e a m<strong>in</strong>imum “abstraction level” necessary to promote larger <strong>in</strong>teroperability of computational processes <strong>in</strong> TextGrid (Blanke et al. 2008). As a solution, TextGrid developed a “core” encod<strong>in</strong>g approach: … which follows a simple pr<strong>in</strong>ciple: one can always go from a higher semantic degree to a lower semantic degree; and <strong>in</strong> possession of a suitable transformation script, this mapp<strong>in</strong>g can be done automatically. TextGrid encourages all its participat<strong>in</strong>g projects to describe their data <strong>in</strong> an XML-based markup that is suitable for their specific research questions. At the same time projects can register a mapp<strong>in</strong>g from their specific, semantically deep data to the respective TextGrid-wide core encod<strong>in</strong>g that is a reasonably expressive TEI-subset (Blanke et al. 2008) TextGrid’s solution thus attempts to respect the sophisticated encod<strong>in</strong>g of local practices while ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g a basic level of <strong>in</strong>teroperability. This illustrates the difficulties of support<strong>in</strong>g cross-corpora search<strong>in</strong>g even with<strong>in</strong> one project. All content that is created with the help of TextGridLab or comes from external resources is saved unchanged to the TextGrid repository. Metadata are extracted and normalized before be<strong>in</strong>g stored <strong>in</strong> central metadata storage, and a full-text <strong>in</strong>dex is extracted from the raw data repository and updated with all changes (Ludwig and Küster 2008). The TextGridLab tool (an Eclipse-based GUI) is <strong>in</strong>tended to help users create TEI resources that can live with<strong>in</strong> the data grid. Although TEI documents form a large part of the resources <strong>in</strong> TextGrid, it can handle heterogeneous data formats (pla<strong>in</strong> text, TEI/XML, images). TextGrid also provides a number of basic services (tokenizers, lemmatizers, sort<strong>in</strong>g tools, stream<strong>in</strong>g editors, collation tools) that can be used aga<strong>in</strong>st its objects while also lett<strong>in</strong>g users create their own services with<strong>in</strong> a Web services framework: Web Service frameworks are available for many programm<strong>in</strong>g languages—so if a person or <strong>in</strong>stitution wishes to make his/her text process<strong>in</strong>g tool available to the TextGrid community and the workflow eng<strong>in</strong>e, the first step is to implement a Web Service wrapper for the tool and deploy it on a public server (or one of TextGrid’s). The next steps are to apply for registration <strong>in</strong> the TextGrid service registry and to provide a client plug-<strong>in</strong> for the Eclipse GUI so that the tool is accessible for humans (GUI) and mach<strong>in</strong>es (service registry) alike (Ziel<strong>in</strong>ski et al. 2009).
270 This architecture makes it easy to extend the TextGrid framework to work with other digital humanities applications. Further details on how users can search the TextGrid collections can be found <strong>in</strong> Ziel<strong>in</strong>ski et al. (2009). TextVRE TextVRE 777 is a recently <strong>in</strong>itiated project by the Center for e-Research (CeReh) and the Center for Comput<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the Humanities at K<strong>in</strong>g’s College London, the University of Sheffield Natural Language Process<strong>in</strong>g Group, and the State and University Library at Gött<strong>in</strong>gen. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to their project website: The overall aim of TEXTvre is to support the complete lifecycle of research <strong>in</strong> e-Humanities textual studies. The project provides researchers with advanced services to process and analyse research texts that are held <strong>in</strong> formally managed, metadata-rich <strong>in</strong>stitutional repositories. The access and analysis of textual research data will be supported by annotation and retrieval technology and will provide services for every step <strong>in</strong> the digital research life cycle. The TEXTvre will build on the results of the TextGrid project, but will be adapted to U.K. needs and br<strong>in</strong>g together the major organizations <strong>in</strong> “e-Humanities textual studies.” The project plans to embed itself with<strong>in</strong> the daily workflow of researchers at K<strong>in</strong>g’s College and to be <strong>in</strong>teroperable with <strong>in</strong>stitutional repository and data-management structures. This project is at its beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g stage and does have a useful list of tools for potential <strong>in</strong>clusion <strong>in</strong> the “virtual research environment” they will develop. 778 777 http://textvre.cerch.kcl.ac.uk/ 778 http://textvre.cerch.kcl.ac.uk/page_id=9
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"Rome Wasn
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ii ISBN 978-1-932326-38-3 CLIR Publ
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iv EpiDoc-Based Digital Epigraphy P
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vi ABOUT THE AUTHOR Alison Babeu ha
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viii PBW PCA PDB PDL PHI PLANETS PN
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x pursuit of knowledge about the an
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2 and intellectual
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4 associations to work together, an
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6 briefly explore issues that are n
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8 for English translations of Greek
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10 is created of the entire bibliog
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12 directory of more than 2,100 cat
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14 generated by the decision tree p
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16 The image-registration algorithm
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18 Schibel and Rydberg-Cox argued t
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20 information ret
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22 In ancient manuscripts, Sanskrit
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24 algorithms; ins
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26 Markov Models (MEMM) 82 and outp
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28 One major project to recently em
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30 developed a cuneiform sign reper
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32 and prayers), and edited texts a
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34 Digital critical editions, howev
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36 While these requirements may see
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38 many discrete texts, in<
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40 examine how l<s
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42 The second fact that Rob
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44 “multimedia scholarly editions
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46 different apparatuses. In Bosche
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48 individual text
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50 In these cases we must provide a
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52 First, it utilizes a nearest nei
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54 entirely pre-searched for each l
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56 As this research in</str
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58 the inscription
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60 Text Min<strong
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62 This manual analysis provided a
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64 As illustrated by this def<stron
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66 archaeology as a discipl
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68 funded with public money <strong
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70 for re-use is a simple slogan, b
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72 framework to in
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74 then mapped to the CRM-EH so tha
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76 tDAR also stores all resources <
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78 Many look to their in</s
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80 Although the multidiscipl<strong
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82 computer science can make it pos
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84 were created after this time. A
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86 transparency, accessibility, ava
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88 (Research Archive for Ancient Sc
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90 This challenge of not just digit
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92 Part of the research of the Plei
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94 After correctin
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96 Epigraphy Overview: Epigraphy Da
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98 step, because epigraphic texts s
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100 text and to previous annotation
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102 and squeezes as well as a selec
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104 original); typ
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106 To begin this
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108 better set the in</stro
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110 Another related project that ha
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112 used to point
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114 names in texts
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116 and Manuscripts (VRE-SDM) 378 s
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118 level of storage in</st
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120 simplicity, and sensible file n
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122 compliant DTD and schema. 393 I
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124 While the advanced document-rec
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126 Another significant manuscript
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128 compelled to operate in
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130 Cayless thus developed a method
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132 must consider commercial and en
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134 standard developed for the desc
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136 to standard catalogs, identific
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138 present an extension and comb<s
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140 scholars in th
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142 described as the amicitia papyr
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144 to a full text transcription wh
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146 The final majo
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148 One is toward openness; the oth
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150 this idea of personal ownership
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152 prototype 512 in</stron
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154 other assertions made about par
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156 The conclusion drawn from this
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158 and that “is main</st
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160 philology available at the webs
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162 descriptions that provides scho
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164 of multilingua
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166 Another major methodological is
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168 ancient historians. Network ana
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170 Bradley and Short (2005) have o
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172 “apparently disconnected and
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174 sources used and their abbrevia
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176 resources, inc
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178 materials could be found, a rec
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180 or more documents (69 percent)
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182 This work tends to focus on des
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184 A related poin
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186 “infer user
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188 accessed; few providers, if any
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190 information so
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192 features. In addition, while pa
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194 postdoctoral students, who were
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196 computers by ancient historians
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198 Demos (a growin</strong
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200 database of this encyclopedia c
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202 academia.” At the same time,
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204 granted their views of the pote
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206 science and use ICT occasionall
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208 also declared that the m<strong
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210 were exceptionally diverse, as
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212 across virtual collections of d
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214 tradition of European literatur
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216 the related MILARQ project, 649
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Page 241 and 242: 230 This lack of deeper understand<
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Page 245 and 246: 234 All link<stron
Page 247 and 248: 236 of architecture, tools and serv
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Page 251 and 252: 240 semantic tools that would make
Page 253 and 254: 242 Sustainable Pr
Page 255 and 256: 244 A recent ARL report that explor
Page 257 and 258: 246 organizations and fundi
Page 259 and 260: 248 throughout this review, i.e., o
Page 261 and 262: 250 commercial providers. At the sa
Page 263 and 264: 252 representations beyond the bord
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Page 267 and 268: 256 that the question of in
Page 269 and 270: 258 Linguistic Com
Page 271 and 272: 260 resources and technology overvi
Page 273 and 274: 262 According to B
Page 275 and 276: 264 support the main</stron
Page 277 and 278: 266 Interoperability”). 763 The m
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Page 283 and 284: 272 [Aschenbrenner et al. 2008]. As
Page 285 and 286: 274 Editions.” Advances i
Page 287 and 288: 276 [Bodard et al. 2009]. Bodard, G
Page 289 and 290: 278 [Bulger et al. 2011]. Bulger, M
Page 291 and 292: 280 [Choudhury and Stin</st
Page 293 and 294: 282 [Crane et al. 2009a]. Crane, Gr
Page 295 and 296: 284 [Dué and Ebbott 2009]. Dué, C
Page 297 and 298: 286 [Flaten 2009]. Flaten, Arne R.
Page 299 and 300: 288 [Hardwick 2000]. Hardwick, Lorn
Page 301 and 302: 290 Conference on E-Science Worksho
Page 303 and 304: 292 [Lockyear 2007]. Lockyear, Kris
Page 305 and 306: 294 Cambridge, MA: Association for
Page 307 and 308: 296 [Ntzios et al. 2007]. Ntzios, K
Page 309 and 310: 298 [Reddy and Crane 2006]. Reddy,
Page 311 and 312: 300 [Rydberg-Cox 2009]. Rydberg-Cox
Page 313 and 314: 302 [Smith 2010]. Smith, D. Neel.
Page 315 and 316: 304 and the Canadian Academic Commu
Page 317 and 318: 306 [Wallom et al. 2009]. Wallom, D
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