Rome Wasn't Digitized in a Day - Council on Library and Information ...

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261 F<strong>in</strong>ally, the CLARIN website provides access to newsletters, scientific publications, and extensive readable documentation 741 on the technological decisions of CLARIN. Documentation is available regard<strong>in</strong>g the development of their concept registry, component metadata, persistent identifiers, longterm preservation, standards and best practices, text encod<strong>in</strong>g, virtual collections, service-oriented architecture, and web services <strong>in</strong>teroperability. DARIAH Project DARIAH, 742 which stands for “Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities,” has been funded to “conceptualize and afterwards build a virtual bridge between different humanities and cultural heritage data resources <strong>in</strong> Europe” (Blanke 2010). The DARIAH project commenced <strong>in</strong> September 2009 and seeks to improve access to the hidden resources of archives, libraries, and museums across Europe. It completed its preparatory phase <strong>in</strong> February 2011, and is currently mov<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to the “transition phase” where it will “submit an application to the European Commission to establish a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC).” 743 If this application is successful it will help to establish a legal framework that will enable the long-term susta<strong>in</strong>ability of DARIAH and they will beg<strong>in</strong> a “construction phase” <strong>in</strong> January 2012. DARIAH has also made a number of documents available as it prepares to move <strong>in</strong>to its construction phase, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g a technical report 744 on lessons learned dur<strong>in</strong>g the preparatory phase of DARIAH and a list of strategic policy documents regard<strong>in</strong>g data and data management 745 that will guide DARIAH activities <strong>in</strong> the next phase (such as <strong>in</strong> terms of data creation, collection <strong>in</strong>gest, management and preservation, and trusted digital repository compliance). DARIAH is a consortium of 14 partners from 10 countries. 746 Similar to that of CLARIN, the work of DARIAH was divided <strong>in</strong>to work packages: Project Management, Dissem<strong>in</strong>ation, Strategic Work, F<strong>in</strong>ancial Work, Governance and Logistical Work, Legal Work, Technical Reference Architecture, and Conceptual Model<strong>in</strong>g. DARIAH has explored the use of the Fedora digital repository and the iRODS data grid technology developed by the San Diego Supercomput<strong>in</strong>g Center <strong>in</strong> terms of design<strong>in</strong>g a humanities research <strong>in</strong>frastructure, and their current plan is that any <strong>in</strong>frastructure that is designed will be built on top of the “exist<strong>in</strong>g EGEE gLite <strong>in</strong>frastructure.” 747 Recently, Tobias Blanke offered a succ<strong>in</strong>ct overview of DARIAH’s basic architecture: DARIAH will <strong>in</strong>tegrate pan-European humanities research data collections by us<strong>in</strong>g advanced grid and digital repository technologies. Formally managed digital repositories for research data can provide an effective means of manag<strong>in</strong>g the complexity encountered <strong>in</strong> the humanities <strong>in</strong> general, and will take on a central and pivotal role <strong>in</strong> the research lifecycle. The DARIAH <strong>in</strong>frastructure will be fundamentally distributed and will provide arts and humanities publishers and researchers alike with a secure and customizable environment with<strong>in</strong> which to collaborate effectively and purposefully (Blanke 2010). 741 http://www.clar<strong>in</strong>.eu/external/<strong>in</strong>dex.phppage=publications&sub=3 742 http://www.dariah.eu/ 743 http://ec.europa.eu/research/<strong>in</strong>frastructures/<strong>in</strong>dex_en.cfmpg=eric 744 http://dariah.eu/<strong>in</strong>dex.phpoption=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=477&Itemid=200 745 http://dariah.eu/<strong>in</strong>dex.phpoption=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=92&Itemid=200 746 http://www.dariah.eu/<strong>in</strong>dex.phpoption=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=301&Itemid=200 747 http://technical.eu-egee.org/<strong>in</strong>dex.phpid=149
262 Accord<strong>in</strong>g to Blanke, DARIAH thus seeks to build a secure, distributed, and customizable <strong>in</strong>frastructure. Similar to TextGrid, DARIAH <strong>in</strong>tends to create a flexible architecture that is loosely coupled so other communities can also add their own services on top of it. Aschenbrenner et al. (2010) have also stated that the major strategy beh<strong>in</strong>d the DARIAH repository <strong>in</strong>frastructure is that <strong>in</strong>dividual repositories should rema<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>dependent and evolve over time (thus rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g open), but at the same time all contents and tools provided through DARIAH should appear to researchers as if they were us<strong>in</strong>g a s<strong>in</strong>gle platform (thus a closely knit <strong>in</strong>frastructure). Various <strong>in</strong>stitutions and researchers have been <strong>in</strong>vited to contribute their content and tools to the DARIAH <strong>in</strong>frastructure, and Aschenbrenner et al. reported that they are committed to support<strong>in</strong>g reasonable levels of semantic diversity and <strong>in</strong>teroperability: L<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g diversity is at the core of Dariah’s philosophy. Discipl<strong>in</strong>es <strong>in</strong> the humanities differ greatly with regard to their resources—their data, tools, and methodologies. Moreover, <strong>in</strong>novation is sometimes associated with <strong>in</strong>troduc<strong>in</strong>g variations <strong>in</strong>to their data, tools, or methodologies, thereby re<strong>in</strong>forc<strong>in</strong>g heterogeneity even with<strong>in</strong> a s<strong>in</strong>gle discipl<strong>in</strong>e. Through l<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g this diversity Dariah aims to build bridges, to enable researchers from different discipl<strong>in</strong>es or cultural backgrounds to collaborate on the same material <strong>in</strong> a common research environment, and to share their diverse perspectives and methodologies (Aschenbrenner et al. 2010). DAR IAH seeks both to learn from and be <strong>in</strong>teroperable with other repository federation <strong>in</strong>itiatives such as DRIVER and Europeana 748 and consequently has decided not to enforce rich metadata guidel<strong>in</strong>es. The project is still determ<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g how to deal with diversity not only among research data <strong>in</strong> the humanities but also among the different agents that will participate <strong>in</strong> the DARIAH environment (e.g., collaboration platforms, service registries, private and public archives, content or service providers, applications and data created by <strong>in</strong>dividual scholars). Aschenbrenner et al. (2010) also emphasized that <strong>in</strong>teroperability is not the same as uniformity; any <strong>in</strong>teroperability scheme used for DARIAH may differ significantly from <strong>in</strong>ternal metadata schemes used at <strong>in</strong>dividual partner sites. Currently DARIAH is work<strong>in</strong>g on “enabl<strong>in</strong>g an evolutionary metadata approach” where scholars can start with m<strong>in</strong>imum annotation and this can be extended over time by other scholars or automatically. To support the federation of a wide variety of repositories and other agents, DARIAH has created a prototype federation architecture 749 for “expos<strong>in</strong>g repository events” that is based on a “hybrid push/poll notification pattern” us<strong>in</strong>g Atom and supports “CRUD” 750 events: S<strong>in</strong>ce the Dariah environment will prospectively consist of a cont<strong>in</strong>uously grow<strong>in</strong>g number of agents that may depend on each other’s state, a notification pattern is a suitable architectural build<strong>in</strong>g block. The Atom feeds conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g the events of Dariah repositories can be consumed by decentralised agents, decentralised mean<strong>in</strong>g that they only use the data available from the Atom feeds and do not plug <strong>in</strong>to any proprietary repository <strong>in</strong>terfaces. Such decentralised agents could hence be built by other <strong>in</strong>itiatives consum<strong>in</strong>g the event messages from various sources without the repositories be<strong>in</strong>g aware of them (Aschenbrenner et al. 2010). 748 http://www.europeana.eu/ 749 In addition to us<strong>in</strong>g the Atom syndication format (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4287.txt), this prototype made use of the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) (http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/) for <strong>in</strong>dividual digital object descriptions and OAI-ORE Resource Maps for the creation of aggregated objects. 750 CRUD: The creation, update, or deletion of an object <strong>in</strong> a digital repository.
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"Rome Wasn
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ii ISBN 978-1-932326-38-3 CLIR Publ
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iv EpiDoc-Based Digital Epigraphy P
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vi ABOUT THE AUTHOR Alison Babeu ha
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viii PBW PCA PDB PDL PHI PLANETS PN
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x pursuit of knowledge about the an
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2 and intellectual
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4 associations to work together, an
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6 briefly explore issues that are n
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8 for English translations of Greek
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10 is created of the entire bibliog
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12 directory of more than 2,100 cat
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14 generated by the decision tree p
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16 The image-registration algorithm
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18 Schibel and Rydberg-Cox argued t
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20 information ret
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22 In ancient manuscripts, Sanskrit
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24 algorithms; ins
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26 Markov Models (MEMM) 82 and outp
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28 One major project to recently em
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30 developed a cuneiform sign reper
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32 and prayers), and edited texts a
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34 Digital critical editions, howev
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36 While these requirements may see
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38 many discrete texts, in<
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40 examine how l<s
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42 The second fact that Rob
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44 “multimedia scholarly editions
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46 different apparatuses. In Bosche
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48 individual text
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50 In these cases we must provide a
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52 First, it utilizes a nearest nei
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54 entirely pre-searched for each l
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56 As this research in</str
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58 the inscription
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60 Text Min<strong
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62 This manual analysis provided a
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64 As illustrated by this def<stron
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66 archaeology as a discipl
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68 funded with public money <strong
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70 for re-use is a simple slogan, b
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72 framework to in
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74 then mapped to the CRM-EH so tha
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76 tDAR also stores all resources <
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78 Many look to their in</s
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80 Although the multidiscipl<strong
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82 computer science can make it pos
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84 were created after this time. A
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86 transparency, accessibility, ava
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88 (Research Archive for Ancient Sc
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90 This challenge of not just digit
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92 Part of the research of the Plei
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94 After correctin
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96 Epigraphy Overview: Epigraphy Da
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98 step, because epigraphic texts s
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100 text and to previous annotation
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102 and squeezes as well as a selec
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104 original); typ
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106 To begin this
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108 better set the in</stro
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110 Another related project that ha
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112 used to point
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114 names in texts
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116 and Manuscripts (VRE-SDM) 378 s
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118 level of storage in</st
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120 simplicity, and sensible file n
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122 compliant DTD and schema. 393 I
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124 While the advanced document-rec
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126 Another significant manuscript
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128 compelled to operate in
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130 Cayless thus developed a method
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132 must consider commercial and en
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134 standard developed for the desc
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136 to standard catalogs, identific
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138 present an extension and comb<s
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140 scholars in th
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142 described as the amicitia papyr
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144 to a full text transcription wh
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146 The final majo
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148 One is toward openness; the oth
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150 this idea of personal ownership
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152 prototype 512 in</stron
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154 other assertions made about par
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156 The conclusion drawn from this
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158 and that “is main</st
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160 philology available at the webs
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162 descriptions that provides scho
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164 of multilingua
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166 Another major methodological is
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168 ancient historians. Network ana
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170 Bradley and Short (2005) have o
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172 “apparently disconnected and
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174 sources used and their abbrevia
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176 resources, inc
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178 materials could be found, a rec
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180 or more documents (69 percent)
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182 This work tends to focus on des
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184 A related poin
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186 “infer user
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188 accessed; few providers, if any
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190 information so
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192 features. In addition, while pa
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194 postdoctoral students, who were
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196 computers by ancient historians
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198 Demos (a growin</strong
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200 database of this encyclopedia c
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202 academia.” At the same time,
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204 granted their views of the pote
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206 science and use ICT occasionall
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208 also declared that the m<strong
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Page 241 and 242: 230 This lack of deeper understand<
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Page 247 and 248: 236 of architecture, tools and serv
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Page 251 and 252: 240 semantic tools that would make
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Page 255 and 256: 244 A recent ARL report that explor
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Page 259 and 260: 248 throughout this review, i.e., o
Page 261 and 262: 250 commercial providers. At the sa
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Page 265 and 266: 254 such as Vindol
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Page 269 and 270: 258 Linguistic Com
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Page 275 and 276: 264 support the main</stron
Page 277 and 278: 266 Interoperability”). 763 The m
Page 279 and 280: 268 as the point o
Page 281 and 282: 270 This architecture makes it easy
Page 283 and 284: 272 [Aschenbrenner et al. 2008]. As
Page 285 and 286: 274 Editions.” Advances i
Page 287 and 288: 276 [Bodard et al. 2009]. Bodard, G
Page 289 and 290: 278 [Bulger et al. 2011]. Bulger, M
Page 291 and 292: 280 [Choudhury and Stin</st
Page 293 and 294: 282 [Crane et al. 2009a]. Crane, Gr
Page 295 and 296: 284 [Dué and Ebbott 2009]. Dué, C
Page 297 and 298: 286 [Flaten 2009]. Flaten, Arne R.
Page 299 and 300: 288 [Hardwick 2000]. Hardwick, Lorn
Page 301 and 302: 290 Conference on E-Science Worksho
Page 303 and 304: 292 [Lockyear 2007]. Lockyear, Kris
Page 305 and 306: 294 Cambridge, MA: Association for
Page 307 and 308: 296 [Ntzios et al. 2007]. Ntzios, K
Page 309 and 310: 298 [Reddy and Crane 2006]. Reddy,
Page 311 and 312: 300 [Rydberg-Cox 2009]. Rydberg-Cox
Page 313 and 314: 302 [Smith 2010]. Smith, D. Neel.
Page 315 and 316: 304 and the Canadian Academic Commu
Page 317 and 318: 306 [Wallom et al. 2009]. Wallom, D
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