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219 this project, a road map will be delivered for the implementation of such an <strong>in</strong>frastructure. 664 They will also release a number of “proof-of-concept web services to demonstrate the viability of the ideas and concepts put forward by Interedition as a networked research platform.” The Interedition project wiki 665 provides details about past and previous workshops and <strong>in</strong>cludes a list of four workgroups that have been created to work on the European dimension, prototyp<strong>in</strong>g, strategic IT recommendations, and a road map. A draft architecture has also been proposed 666 and there is a separate software development site for this project. 667 LaQuAT—L<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g and Query<strong>in</strong>g of Ancient Texts The LaQuAT 668 project was a collaboration between the center for e-Research at K<strong>in</strong>g’s College London and the EPCC at the University of Ed<strong>in</strong>burgh. The project explored the use of the OGSA-DAI data-management software that is used to support “the exposure of data resources, such as relational or XML databases, on to grids” <strong>in</strong> the fields of epigraphy and papyrology. A small case study of <strong>in</strong>tegrat<strong>in</strong>g three digital classics resources, the HGV (also participat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the IDP project), Project Volterra, and the Inscriptions of Aphrodisias, was conducted, and a demonstrator that searched across the three databases was created. The demonstrator is currently ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed by K<strong>in</strong>g’s College, but the ultimate plan is to make the <strong>in</strong>frastructure developed for this project part of DARIAH. As the data formats for all three databases were different, this project illustrated both the limitations and potential of l<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g data sets <strong>in</strong> the humanities. “More generally,” Jackson et al. (2009) stated, “it was realised that once one starts jo<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g databases, the fuzzy, uncerta<strong>in</strong>, <strong>in</strong>terpretative and <strong>in</strong>consistent nature of the data that is generated by and used <strong>in</strong> humanities research leads to issues about the mean<strong>in</strong>g of what is facilitated by l<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g these databases” (Jackson et al. 2009). One important conclusion of the LaQuAT project was the need for virtual data centers that can <strong>in</strong>tegrate several resources while also allow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>dividual resources to ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> their unique formats. PELAGIOS: Enable Ancient L<strong>in</strong>ked Geodata <strong>in</strong> Open Systems 669 The PELAGIOS project’s major goal is to <strong>in</strong>troduce “L<strong>in</strong>ked Open Data” pr<strong>in</strong>ciples <strong>in</strong>to digital resources that make reference to places <strong>in</strong> the ancient world <strong>in</strong> order to support more advanced forms of visualization and discovery us<strong>in</strong>g these resources. This project <strong>in</strong>cludes a large number of significant digital classical partners as both service and content providers <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g Google Ancient Places, Pleiades, the PDL, Arachne, SPQR, OpenContext, Nomisma.org and CLAROS. The project’s blog/website conta<strong>in</strong>s extensive details on the project’s research, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the results of a workshop held <strong>in</strong> March 2011, a full outl<strong>in</strong>e of the PELAGIOS project plan, and detailed technical descriptions of <strong>in</strong>dividual research tasks as they progress, such as how to efficiently allow users to tag historical maps us<strong>in</strong>g Pleiades references 670 through the modification of an already exist<strong>in</strong>g “end-user toolkit for manual annotation and semantic tagg<strong>in</strong>g of multimedia content.” 671 664 http://w3.cost.esf.org/<strong>in</strong>dex.phpid=233&action_number=IS0704 665 http://www.<strong>in</strong>teredition.eu/wiki/<strong>in</strong>dex.php/Ma<strong>in</strong>_Page 666 http://www.<strong>in</strong>teredition.eu/wiki/<strong>in</strong>dex.php/WG2:Architecture 667 http://arts-itsee.bham.ac.uk/trac/<strong>in</strong>teredition/ 668 http://www.kcl.ac.uk/iss/cerch/projects/completed/laquat.html 669 http://pelagios-project.blogspot.com/p/about.html 670 http://pelagios-project.blogspot.com/2011_04_01_archive.html 671 The PELAGIOS project is currently experiment<strong>in</strong>g with YUMA (http://dme.ait.ac.at/annotation).
220 SPQR—Support<strong>in</strong>g Productive Queries for Research The SPQR 672 project is driven by the research outcomes of the LaQuAT project, which determ<strong>in</strong>ed that a relational database model might be too “<strong>in</strong>flexible” for <strong>in</strong>tegrat<strong>in</strong>g heterogeneous and “fuzzy” data sets <strong>in</strong> the humanities. Because of the limitations of the relational database model, the SPQR project is <strong>in</strong>vestigat<strong>in</strong>g an approach that will make use of l<strong>in</strong>ked data and Semantic Web approaches and will use the Europeana Data Model (EDM) as its central ontology. The classical data sets that will be used <strong>in</strong> this experimental project <strong>in</strong>clude both the projects <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> LaQuAT (HGV, Project Volterra, Inscriptions of Aphrodisias) and new projects, such as the Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania, the Pleiades Project, the LGPN, and the ANS’s database of co<strong>in</strong>s and papyri.<strong>in</strong>fo. The ma<strong>in</strong> goal of the SPQR project is to “<strong>in</strong>vestigate the potential of a L<strong>in</strong>ked Data approach for l<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>in</strong>tegrat<strong>in</strong>g datasets related to classical antiquity.” The project has many other research objectives 673 <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g determ<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g how to represent the humanities data found <strong>in</strong> relational databases so that they can be exposed as l<strong>in</strong>ked data; how to best transform and expose the targeted data sets; how to provide “<strong>in</strong>tegrated views” of “multiple heterogeneous datasets” so that researchers can browse and query them <strong>in</strong> different ways; and, perhaps most important, how to provide a useful <strong>in</strong>terface or means of access to the <strong>in</strong>tegrated datasets so that researchers can follow “paths though the data from one dataset to another via common attributes (e.g., names, places or dates).” The SPQR project architecture plans to make use of REST-based services, RDF, SPARQL, SOLR, and a triplestore. In addition, to ensure a greater level of <strong>in</strong>teroperability with the “wider <strong>in</strong>formation space,” they will use standards such as EDM and OAI-ORE, and exist<strong>in</strong>g doma<strong>in</strong>-specific vocabularies and ontologies. BUILDING A HUMANITIES CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE Def<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Digital Humanities, Cyber<strong>in</strong>frastructure, and the Future Build<strong>in</strong>g a cyber<strong>in</strong>frastructure for the humanities <strong>in</strong>volves th<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g both about digital humanities research and its current state as a discipl<strong>in</strong>e. In a recent article, Christ<strong>in</strong>e Borgman has outl<strong>in</strong>ed many of the challenges faced by the digital humanities community as it attempts to possibly come together as a larger discipl<strong>in</strong>e and struggles to plan for a shared cyber<strong>in</strong>frastructure: The digital humanities are at a critical moment <strong>in</strong> the transition from a specialty area to a fullfledged community with a common set of methods, sources of evidence, and <strong>in</strong>frastructure – all of which are necessary for achiev<strong>in</strong>g academic recognition. … Digital collections are proliferat<strong>in</strong>g, but most rema<strong>in</strong> difficult to use, and digital scholarship rema<strong>in</strong>s a backwater <strong>in</strong> most humanities departments with respect to hir<strong>in</strong>g, promotion, and teach<strong>in</strong>g practices. Only the scholars themselves are <strong>in</strong> a position to move the field forward. Experiences of the sciences <strong>in</strong> their <strong>in</strong>itiatives for cyber<strong>in</strong>frastructure and eScience offer valuable lessons (Borgman 2009). Borgman ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed that <strong>in</strong> order for the digital humanities to be successful, scholars would need to beg<strong>in</strong> mov<strong>in</strong>g more actively to build the necessary <strong>in</strong>frastructure and to promote their own <strong>in</strong>terests. Her article sought to serve as a call to action for scholars <strong>in</strong> the digital humanities with a focus on six factors that will affect the future of digital scholarship <strong>in</strong> the humanities: publication practices, data, research methods, collaboration, <strong>in</strong>centives, and learn<strong>in</strong>g. Each of these themes is discussed later <strong>in</strong> this section. 672 http://spqr.cerch.kcl.ac.uk/ 673 http://spqr.cerch.kcl.ac.uk/page_id=8
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"Rome Wasn
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ii ISBN 978-1-932326-38-3 CLIR Publ
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iv EpiDoc-Based Digital Epigraphy P
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vi ABOUT THE AUTHOR Alison Babeu ha
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viii PBW PCA PDB PDL PHI PLANETS PN
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x pursuit of knowledge about the an
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2 and intellectual
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4 associations to work together, an
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6 briefly explore issues that are n
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8 for English translations of Greek
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10 is created of the entire bibliog
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12 directory of more than 2,100 cat
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14 generated by the decision tree p
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16 The image-registration algorithm
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18 Schibel and Rydberg-Cox argued t
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20 information ret
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22 In ancient manuscripts, Sanskrit
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24 algorithms; ins
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26 Markov Models (MEMM) 82 and outp
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28 One major project to recently em
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30 developed a cuneiform sign reper
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32 and prayers), and edited texts a
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34 Digital critical editions, howev
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36 While these requirements may see
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38 many discrete texts, in<
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40 examine how l<s
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42 The second fact that Rob
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44 “multimedia scholarly editions
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46 different apparatuses. In Bosche
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48 individual text
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50 In these cases we must provide a
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52 First, it utilizes a nearest nei
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54 entirely pre-searched for each l
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56 As this research in</str
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58 the inscription
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60 Text Min<strong
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62 This manual analysis provided a
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64 As illustrated by this def<stron
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66 archaeology as a discipl
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68 funded with public money <strong
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70 for re-use is a simple slogan, b
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72 framework to in
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74 then mapped to the CRM-EH so tha
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76 tDAR also stores all resources <
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78 Many look to their in</s
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80 Although the multidiscipl<strong
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82 computer science can make it pos
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84 were created after this time. A
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86 transparency, accessibility, ava
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88 (Research Archive for Ancient Sc
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90 This challenge of not just digit
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92 Part of the research of the Plei
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94 After correctin
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96 Epigraphy Overview: Epigraphy Da
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98 step, because epigraphic texts s
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100 text and to previous annotation
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102 and squeezes as well as a selec
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104 original); typ
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106 To begin this
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108 better set the in</stro
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110 Another related project that ha
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112 used to point
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114 names in texts
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116 and Manuscripts (VRE-SDM) 378 s
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118 level of storage in</st
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120 simplicity, and sensible file n
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122 compliant DTD and schema. 393 I
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124 While the advanced document-rec
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126 Another significant manuscript
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128 compelled to operate in
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130 Cayless thus developed a method
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132 must consider commercial and en
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134 standard developed for the desc
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136 to standard catalogs, identific
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138 present an extension and comb<s
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140 scholars in th
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142 described as the amicitia papyr
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144 to a full text transcription wh
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146 The final majo
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148 One is toward openness; the oth
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150 this idea of personal ownership
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152 prototype 512 in</stron
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154 other assertions made about par
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156 The conclusion drawn from this
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158 and that “is main</st
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160 philology available at the webs
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162 descriptions that provides scho
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164 of multilingua
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166 Another major methodological is
Page 179 and 180: 168 ancient historians. Network ana
Page 181 and 182: 170 Bradley and Short (2005) have o
Page 183 and 184: 172 “apparently disconnected and
Page 185 and 186: 174 sources used and their abbrevia
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Page 189 and 190: 178 materials could be found, a rec
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Page 193 and 194: 182 This work tends to focus on des
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Page 197 and 198: 186 “infer user
Page 199 and 200: 188 accessed; few providers, if any
Page 201 and 202: 190 information so
Page 203 and 204: 192 features. In addition, while pa
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Page 207 and 208: 196 computers by ancient historians
Page 209 and 210: 198 Demos (a growin</strong
Page 211 and 212: 200 database of this encyclopedia c
Page 213 and 214: 202 academia.” At the same time,
Page 215 and 216: 204 granted their views of the pote
Page 217 and 218: 206 science and use ICT occasionall
Page 219 and 220: 208 also declared that the m<strong
Page 221 and 222: 210 were exceptionally diverse, as
Page 223 and 224: 212 across virtual collections of d
Page 225 and 226: 214 tradition of European literatur
Page 227 and 228: 216 the related MILARQ project, 649
Page 229: 218 initial fund<s
Page 233 and 234: 222 environments in</strong
Page 235 and 236: 224 become less “localized” wit
Page 237 and 238: 226 methods,” Cohen et al. expla<
Page 239 and 240: 228 One might have presumed that ou
Page 241 and 242: 230 This lack of deeper understand<
Page 243 and 244: 232 expertise, tools, experience, a
Page 245 and 246: 234 All link<stron
Page 247 and 248: 236 of architecture, tools and serv
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Page 251 and 252: 240 semantic tools that would make
Page 253 and 254: 242 Sustainable Pr
Page 255 and 256: 244 A recent ARL report that explor
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Page 259 and 260: 248 throughout this review, i.e., o
Page 261 and 262: 250 commercial providers. At the sa
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Page 267 and 268: 256 that the question of in
Page 269 and 270: 258 Linguistic Com
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Page 273 and 274: 262 According to B
Page 275 and 276: 264 support the main</stron
Page 277 and 278: 266 Interoperability”). 763 The m
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270 This architecture makes it easy
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272 [Aschenbrenner et al. 2008]. As
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274 Editions.” Advances i
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276 [Bodard et al. 2009]. Bodard, G
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278 [Bulger et al. 2011]. Bulger, M
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280 [Choudhury and Stin</st
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282 [Crane et al. 2009a]. Crane, Gr
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284 [Dué and Ebbott 2009]. Dué, C
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286 [Flaten 2009]. Flaten, Arne R.
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288 [Hardwick 2000]. Hardwick, Lorn
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290 Conference on E-Science Worksho
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292 [Lockyear 2007]. Lockyear, Kris
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294 Cambridge, MA: Association for
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296 [Ntzios et al. 2007]. Ntzios, K
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298 [Reddy and Crane 2006]. Reddy,
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300 [Rydberg-Cox 2009]. Rydberg-Cox
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302 [Smith 2010]. Smith, D. Neel.
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304 and the Canadian Academic Commu
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306 [Wallom et al. 2009]. Wallom, D
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