Rome Wasn't Digitized in a Day - Council on Library and Information ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

215 so, for their scholarship to reta<strong>in</strong> mean<strong>in</strong>g; second, classicists will need to work with scholars who have more advanced understand<strong>in</strong>g of technology; and third, new <strong>in</strong>stitutions, or a new hybrid librarypublisher that can help classicists create and ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> their objects/services, are necessary. These articles illustrate a number of important issues to be considered for a classics cyber<strong>in</strong>frastructure, or <strong>in</strong>deed for a digital repository or federated series of repositories, to meet the needs of digital classicists. These requirements <strong>in</strong>clude open data and collections (open not only <strong>in</strong> terms of access but <strong>in</strong> terms of openly licensed where all the data are available), curated knowledge sources and mach<strong>in</strong>e-actionable reference works, general and doma<strong>in</strong>-specialized services, collaboration both with<strong>in</strong> the discipl<strong>in</strong>e of classics and with other discipl<strong>in</strong>es, and an <strong>in</strong>frastructure that will support a reasonable level of doma<strong>in</strong> customization while still be<strong>in</strong>g flexible enough to provide general storage and high-speed access to computational processes. Similarly, Mahony and Bodard (2010) have offered a list of requirements, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g “Digital <strong>in</strong>frastructure, Open Access publication, re-use of freely licensed data and, and Semantic Web technologies” <strong>in</strong> order for Classics to fully engage with an “<strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly digital academic environment” (Mahony and Bodard 2010, 5). The next section outl<strong>in</strong>es a number of projects that have taken some <strong>in</strong>itial steps toward build<strong>in</strong>g parts of this <strong>in</strong>frastructure. Classics Cyber<strong>in</strong>frastructure Projects While several national and <strong>in</strong>ternational cyber<strong>in</strong>frastructure projects are discussed <strong>in</strong> the next section of this report, a number of smaller projects have focused on provid<strong>in</strong>g greater <strong>in</strong>tegration of major digital classics resources or greater <strong>in</strong>frastructure for classics, subdiscipl<strong>in</strong>es of classics, or medieval studies. Some of these projects have been discussed above. Some projects have been completed, and others are ongo<strong>in</strong>g. APIS—Advanced Papyrological Information System This project has been discussed <strong>in</strong> the Papyrology section. CLAROS—Classical Art Research Onl<strong>in</strong>e Services The CLAROS 644 project has actively researched how to best support the “virtual <strong>in</strong>tegration of digital assets on classical art” <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g pottery, gems, sculpture, iconography, and antiquaria. CLAROS is us<strong>in</strong>g “Semantic Web data <strong>in</strong>tegration technologies and state-of-the art image recognition algorithms” and seeks to br<strong>in</strong>g classical art “to anyone, anytime, anywhere.” 645 Its major partner <strong>in</strong>stitutions <strong>in</strong>clude the Beazley Archive at Oxford, the German Archaeological Institute (DAI) <strong>in</strong> Berl<strong>in</strong>, the Lexicon of Greek Personal Names (LGPN), the Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (LIMC Basel and LIMC Paris), and the Research Archive for Ancient Sculpture Cologne (Arachne) as well as a number of other research archives. In May of 2011, the project released both its first public search <strong>in</strong>terface to the <strong>in</strong>tegrated collection of these <strong>in</strong>stitutions, the CLAROS Explorer 646 , as well as a CLAROS data service 647 that provides a RESTful <strong>in</strong>terface to the data <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g “metadata about archaeology and art <strong>in</strong> mach<strong>in</strong>e-readable formats such as RDF, JSON and KML.” The project has created a wiki 648 that <strong>in</strong>cludes descriptions of the RDF/XML CIDOC-CRM format and CLAROS entity description templates for Objects, Places, Periods, and People. Dur<strong>in</strong>g 2010, CLAROS also ran 644 http://explore.clarosnet.org/XDB/ASP/clarosHome/<strong>in</strong>dex.html 645 For a discussion of CLAROS and its potential for expand<strong>in</strong>g access to classical art, see Kurtz (2009). 646 http://explore.clarosnet.org/XDB/ASP/clarosExplorer.asphelp=true 647 http://data.clarosnet.org/ 648 http://www.clarosnet.org/wiki/<strong>in</strong>dex.phptitle=Ma<strong>in</strong>_Page
216 the related MILARQ project, 649 which had the end goal of support<strong>in</strong>g more efficient <strong>in</strong>formation retrieval from the <strong>in</strong>tegrated database. This was accomplished by enhanc<strong>in</strong>g Jena, “an exist<strong>in</strong>g, widely used, open source Semantic Web data management platform” and through the creation of “multiple <strong>in</strong>dexes over the underly<strong>in</strong>g RDF triple store, Jena TDB, and other optimizations relat<strong>in</strong>g to filter performance.” The newly released project website also <strong>in</strong>cludes a detailed step-by-step technical overview as to how the CLAROS database was created 650 and the guid<strong>in</strong>g pr<strong>in</strong>ciples used <strong>in</strong> its design. Concordia The Concordia <strong>in</strong>itiative 651 was established by the Center for Comput<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the Humanities at K<strong>in</strong>g's College, London, and the ISAW at New York University. It is a “a transatlantic collaboration” that will support “dissem<strong>in</strong>ation of key epigraphical, papyrological and geographic resources for Greek and Roman culture <strong>in</strong> North Africa, and pilot<strong>in</strong>g of reusable, standard techniques for web-based cyber<strong>in</strong>frastructure.” 652 A number of major projects are participat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> this effort, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the Duke Data Bank of Documentary Papyri, Epigraphische Datenbank Heidelberg (EDH), Inscriptions of Aphrodisias (2007), Inscriptions of Roman Cyrenaica, Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania, and Pleiades. Designed as a demonstration project, Concordia will unite these digital collections of <strong>in</strong>scriptions and papyri (that <strong>in</strong>clude 50,000 papyrological and 3,000 epigraphic texts) with the geographic data set of Pleiades. Some newly digitized content will also be <strong>in</strong>cluded, such as 950 epigraphic texts. Concordia will use basic web architecture and standard formats (XHTML, EpiDoc/TEI XML, and Atom+GeoRSS). Its ma<strong>in</strong> goal is to provide users with one textual search across these collections as well as “dynamic mapp<strong>in</strong>g and geographical correlation for arbitrary collections of humanities content, hosted anywhere on the web.” This project is set to conclude <strong>in</strong> 2010 and has created a project wiki that tracks deliverables, workshop “results, and other general <strong>in</strong>formation.” 653 A number of software tools have been created, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g epidoc2atom (a set XSLT sheets for “creat<strong>in</strong>g web feeds from EpiDoc conformant XML documents”), the Concordia Matchtool, a “framework for def<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g and execut<strong>in</strong>g rulesets to effect match<strong>in</strong>g of records <strong>in</strong> two datasets,” and Concordia Harvester, “software for crawl<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>in</strong>dex<strong>in</strong>g Atom+GeoRSS feeds.” Important deliverables that the Concordia project also plans to create <strong>in</strong>clude Atom + GeoRSS web feeds for all papyri and <strong>in</strong>scription collections and the ConcordiaThesaurus, “a controlled vocabulary for express<strong>in</strong>g classes of relationships (or even assertions) between web-based resources <strong>in</strong> the context of Atom+GeoRSS feeds.” Digital Antiquity This project has been described <strong>in</strong> greater detail <strong>in</strong> the Archaeology subsection. Digital Classicist This project has been discussed <strong>in</strong> greater detail <strong>in</strong> the section on Open Access. eAQUA eAQUA 654 is a major German project that seeks to use NLP techniques such as text m<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g to generate “structured knowledge” from ancient texts and to provide this knowledge to classicists through a 649 http://code.google.com/p/vreri/wiki/MILARQ 650 http://explore.clarosnet.org/XDB/ASP/clarosHome/technicalIntro.html 651 http://concordia.atlantides.org/ 652 http://www.atlantides.org/trac/concordia/wiki/ProjectOverview 653 http://www.atlantides.org/trac/concordia/wiki 654 http://www.eaqua.net/en/<strong>in</strong>dex.php
Page 1 and 2:
"Rome Wasn
Page 3 and 4:
ii ISBN 978-1-932326-38-3 CLIR Publ
Page 5 and 6:
iv EpiDoc-Based Digital Epigraphy P
Page 7 and 8:
vi ABOUT THE AUTHOR Alison Babeu ha
Page 9 and 10:
viii PBW PCA PDB PDL PHI PLANETS PN
Page 11 and 12:
x pursuit of knowledge about the an
Page 13 and 14:
2 and intellectual
Page 15 and 16:
4 associations to work together, an
Page 17 and 18:
6 briefly explore issues that are n
Page 19 and 20:
8 for English translations of Greek
Page 21 and 22:
10 is created of the entire bibliog
Page 23 and 24:
12 directory of more than 2,100 cat
Page 25 and 26:
14 generated by the decision tree p
Page 27 and 28:
16 The image-registration algorithm
Page 29 and 30:
18 Schibel and Rydberg-Cox argued t
Page 31 and 32:
20 information ret
Page 33 and 34:
22 In ancient manuscripts, Sanskrit
Page 35 and 36:
24 algorithms; ins
Page 37 and 38:
26 Markov Models (MEMM) 82 and outp
Page 39 and 40:
28 One major project to recently em
Page 41 and 42:
30 developed a cuneiform sign reper
Page 43 and 44:
32 and prayers), and edited texts a
Page 45 and 46:
34 Digital critical editions, howev
Page 47 and 48:
36 While these requirements may see
Page 49 and 50:
38 many discrete texts, in<
Page 51 and 52:
40 examine how l<s
Page 53 and 54:
42 The second fact that Rob
Page 55 and 56:
44 “multimedia scholarly editions
Page 57 and 58:
46 different apparatuses. In Bosche
Page 59 and 60:
48 individual text
Page 61 and 62:
50 In these cases we must provide a
Page 63 and 64:
52 First, it utilizes a nearest nei
Page 65 and 66:
54 entirely pre-searched for each l
Page 67 and 68:
56 As this research in</str
Page 69 and 70:
58 the inscription
Page 71 and 72:
60 Text Min<strong
Page 73 and 74:
62 This manual analysis provided a
Page 75 and 76:
64 As illustrated by this def<stron
Page 77 and 78:
66 archaeology as a discipl
Page 79 and 80:
68 funded with public money <strong
Page 81 and 82:
70 for re-use is a simple slogan, b
Page 83 and 84:
72 framework to in
Page 85 and 86:
74 then mapped to the CRM-EH so tha
Page 87 and 88:
76 tDAR also stores all resources <
Page 89 and 90:
78 Many look to their in</s
Page 91 and 92:
80 Although the multidiscipl<strong
Page 93 and 94:
82 computer science can make it pos
Page 95 and 96:
84 were created after this time. A
Page 97 and 98:
86 transparency, accessibility, ava
Page 99 and 100:
88 (Research Archive for Ancient Sc
Page 101 and 102:
90 This challenge of not just digit
Page 103 and 104:
92 Part of the research of the Plei
Page 105 and 106:
94 After correctin
Page 107 and 108:
96 Epigraphy Overview: Epigraphy Da
Page 109 and 110:
98 step, because epigraphic texts s
Page 111 and 112:
100 text and to previous annotation
Page 113 and 114:
102 and squeezes as well as a selec
Page 115 and 116:
104 original); typ
Page 117 and 118:
106 To begin this
Page 119 and 120:
108 better set the in</stro
Page 121 and 122:
110 Another related project that ha
Page 123 and 124:
112 used to point
Page 125 and 126:
114 names in texts
Page 127 and 128:
116 and Manuscripts (VRE-SDM) 378 s
Page 129 and 130:
118 level of storage in</st
Page 131 and 132:
120 simplicity, and sensible file n
Page 133 and 134:
122 compliant DTD and schema. 393 I
Page 135 and 136:
124 While the advanced document-rec
Page 137 and 138:
126 Another significant manuscript
Page 139 and 140:
128 compelled to operate in
Page 141 and 142:
130 Cayless thus developed a method
Page 143 and 144:
132 must consider commercial and en
Page 145 and 146:
134 standard developed for the desc
Page 147 and 148:
136 to standard catalogs, identific
Page 149 and 150:
138 present an extension and comb<s
Page 151 and 152:
140 scholars in th
Page 153 and 154:
142 described as the amicitia papyr
Page 155 and 156:
144 to a full text transcription wh
Page 157 and 158:
146 The final majo
Page 159 and 160:
148 One is toward openness; the oth
Page 161 and 162:
150 this idea of personal ownership
Page 163 and 164:
152 prototype 512 in</stron
Page 165 and 166:
154 other assertions made about par
Page 167 and 168:
156 The conclusion drawn from this
Page 169 and 170:
158 and that “is main</st
Page 171 and 172:
160 philology available at the webs
Page 173 and 174:
162 descriptions that provides scho
Page 175 and 176: 164 of multilingua
Page 177 and 178: 166 Another major methodological is
Page 179 and 180: 168 ancient historians. Network ana
Page 181 and 182: 170 Bradley and Short (2005) have o
Page 183 and 184: 172 “apparently disconnected and
Page 185 and 186: 174 sources used and their abbrevia
Page 187 and 188: 176 resources, inc
Page 189 and 190: 178 materials could be found, a rec
Page 191 and 192: 180 or more documents (69 percent)
Page 193 and 194: 182 This work tends to focus on des
Page 195 and 196: 184 A related poin
Page 197 and 198: 186 “infer user
Page 199 and 200: 188 accessed; few providers, if any
Page 201 and 202: 190 information so
Page 203 and 204: 192 features. In addition, while pa
Page 205 and 206: 194 postdoctoral students, who were
Page 207 and 208: 196 computers by ancient historians
Page 209 and 210: 198 Demos (a growin</strong
Page 211 and 212: 200 database of this encyclopedia c
Page 213 and 214: 202 academia.” At the same time,
Page 215 and 216: 204 granted their views of the pote
Page 217 and 218: 206 science and use ICT occasionall
Page 219 and 220: 208 also declared that the m<strong
Page 221 and 222: 210 were exceptionally diverse, as
Page 223 and 224: 212 across virtual collections of d
Page 225: 214 tradition of European literatur
Page 229 and 230: 218 initial fund<s
Page 231 and 232: 220 SPQR—Supportin</stron
Page 233 and 234: 222 environments in</strong
Page 235 and 236: 224 become less “localized” wit
Page 237 and 238: 226 methods,” Cohen et al. expla<
Page 239 and 240: 228 One might have presumed that ou
Page 241 and 242: 230 This lack of deeper understand<
Page 243 and 244: 232 expertise, tools, experience, a
Page 245 and 246: 234 All link<stron
Page 247 and 248: 236 of architecture, tools and serv
Page 249 and 250: 238 reported that eSAD was develop<
Page 251 and 252: 240 semantic tools that would make
Page 253 and 254: 242 Sustainable Pr
Page 255 and 256: 244 A recent ARL report that explor
Page 257 and 258: 246 organizations and fundi
Page 259 and 260: 248 throughout this review, i.e., o
Page 261 and 262: 250 commercial providers. At the sa
Page 263 and 264: 252 representations beyond the bord
Page 265 and 266: 254 such as Vindol
Page 267 and 268: 256 that the question of in
Page 269 and 270: 258 Linguistic Com
Page 271 and 272: 260 resources and technology overvi
Page 273 and 274: 262 According to B
Page 275 and 276: 264 support the main</stron
Page 277 and 278:
266 Interoperability”). 763 The m
Page 279 and 280:
268 as the point o
Page 281 and 282:
270 This architecture makes it easy
Page 283 and 284:
272 [Aschenbrenner et al. 2008]. As
Page 285 and 286:
274 Editions.” Advances i
Page 287 and 288:
276 [Bodard et al. 2009]. Bodard, G
Page 289 and 290:
278 [Bulger et al. 2011]. Bulger, M
Page 291 and 292:
280 [Choudhury and Stin</st
Page 293 and 294:
282 [Crane et al. 2009a]. Crane, Gr
Page 295 and 296:
284 [Dué and Ebbott 2009]. Dué, C
Page 297 and 298:
286 [Flaten 2009]. Flaten, Arne R.
Page 299 and 300:
288 [Hardwick 2000]. Hardwick, Lorn
Page 301 and 302:
290 Conference on E-Science Worksho
Page 303 and 304:
292 [Lockyear 2007]. Lockyear, Kris
Page 305 and 306:
294 Cambridge, MA: Association for
Page 307 and 308:
296 [Ntzios et al. 2007]. Ntzios, K
Page 309 and 310:
298 [Reddy and Crane 2006]. Reddy,
Page 311 and 312:
300 [Rydberg-Cox 2009]. Rydberg-Cox
Page 313 and 314:
302 [Smith 2010]. Smith, D. Neel.
Page 315 and 316:
304 and the Canadian Academic Commu
Page 317 and 318:
306 [Wallom et al. 2009]. Wallom, D
show all

Rome Wasn't Digitized in a Day - Council on Library and Information ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?