Rome Wasn't Digitized in a Day - Council on Library and Information ...

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215 so, for their scholarship to reta<strong>in</strong> mean<strong>in</strong>g; second, classicists will need to work with scholars who have more advanced understand<strong>in</strong>g of technology; and third, new <strong>in</strong>stitutions, or a new hybrid librarypublisher that can help classicists create and ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> their objects/services, are necessary. These articles illustrate a number of important issues to be considered for a classics cyber<strong>in</strong>frastructure, or <strong>in</strong>deed for a digital repository or federated series of repositories, to meet the needs of digital classicists. These requirements <strong>in</strong>clude open data and collections (open not only <strong>in</strong> terms of access but <strong>in</strong> terms of openly licensed where all the data are available), curated knowledge sources and mach<strong>in</strong>e-actionable reference works, general and doma<strong>in</strong>-specialized services, collaboration both with<strong>in</strong> the discipl<strong>in</strong>e of classics and with other discipl<strong>in</strong>es, and an <strong>in</strong>frastructure that will support a reasonable level of doma<strong>in</strong> customization while still be<strong>in</strong>g flexible enough to provide general storage and high-speed access to computational processes. Similarly, Mahony and Bodard (2010) have offered a list of requirements, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g “Digital <strong>in</strong>frastructure, Open Access publication, re-use of freely licensed data and, and Semantic Web technologies” <strong>in</strong> order for Classics to fully engage with an “<strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly digital academic environment” (Mahony and Bodard 2010, 5). The next section outl<strong>in</strong>es a number of projects that have taken some <strong>in</strong>itial steps toward build<strong>in</strong>g parts of this <strong>in</strong>frastructure. Classics Cyber<strong>in</strong>frastructure Projects While several national and <strong>in</strong>ternational cyber<strong>in</strong>frastructure projects are discussed <strong>in</strong> the next section of this report, a number of smaller projects have focused on provid<strong>in</strong>g greater <strong>in</strong>tegration of major digital classics resources or greater <strong>in</strong>frastructure for classics, subdiscipl<strong>in</strong>es of classics, or medieval studies. Some of these projects have been discussed above. Some projects have been completed, and others are ongo<strong>in</strong>g. APIS—Advanced Papyrological Information System This project has been discussed <strong>in</strong> the Papyrology section. CLAROS—Classical Art Research Onl<strong>in</strong>e Services The CLAROS 644 project has actively researched how to best support the “virtual <strong>in</strong>tegration of digital assets on classical art” <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g pottery, gems, sculpture, iconography, and antiquaria. CLAROS is us<strong>in</strong>g “Semantic Web data <strong>in</strong>tegration technologies and state-of-the art image recognition algorithms” and seeks to br<strong>in</strong>g classical art “to anyone, anytime, anywhere.” 645 Its major partner <strong>in</strong>stitutions <strong>in</strong>clude the Beazley Archive at Oxford, the German Archaeological Institute (DAI) <strong>in</strong> Berl<strong>in</strong>, the Lexicon of Greek Personal Names (LGPN), the Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (LIMC Basel and LIMC Paris), and the Research Archive for Ancient Sculpture Cologne (Arachne) as well as a number of other research archives. In May of 2011, the project released both its first public search <strong>in</strong>terface to the <strong>in</strong>tegrated collection of these <strong>in</strong>stitutions, the CLAROS Explorer 646 , as well as a CLAROS data service 647 that provides a RESTful <strong>in</strong>terface to the data <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g “metadata about archaeology and art <strong>in</strong> mach<strong>in</strong>e-readable formats such as RDF, JSON and KML.” The project has created a wiki 648 that <strong>in</strong>cludes descriptions of the RDF/XML CIDOC-CRM format and CLAROS entity description templates for Objects, Places, Periods, and People. Dur<strong>in</strong>g 2010, CLAROS also ran 644 http://explore.clarosnet.org/XDB/ASP/clarosHome/<strong>in</strong>dex.html 645 For a discussion of CLAROS and its potential for expand<strong>in</strong>g access to classical art, see Kurtz (2009). 646 http://explore.clarosnet.org/XDB/ASP/clarosExplorer.asphelp=true 647 http://data.clarosnet.org/ 648 http://www.clarosnet.org/wiki/<strong>in</strong>dex.phptitle=Ma<strong>in</strong>_Page
216 the related MILARQ project, 649 which had the end goal of support<strong>in</strong>g more efficient <strong>in</strong>formation retrieval from the <strong>in</strong>tegrated database. This was accomplished by enhanc<strong>in</strong>g Jena, “an exist<strong>in</strong>g, widely used, open source Semantic Web data management platform” and through the creation of “multiple <strong>in</strong>dexes over the underly<strong>in</strong>g RDF triple store, Jena TDB, and other optimizations relat<strong>in</strong>g to filter performance.” The newly released project website also <strong>in</strong>cludes a detailed step-by-step technical overview as to how the CLAROS database was created 650 and the guid<strong>in</strong>g pr<strong>in</strong>ciples used <strong>in</strong> its design. Concordia The Concordia <strong>in</strong>itiative 651 was established by the Center for Comput<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the Humanities at K<strong>in</strong>g's College, London, and the ISAW at New York University. It is a “a transatlantic collaboration” that will support “dissem<strong>in</strong>ation of key epigraphical, papyrological and geographic resources for Greek and Roman culture <strong>in</strong> North Africa, and pilot<strong>in</strong>g of reusable, standard techniques for web-based cyber<strong>in</strong>frastructure.” 652 A number of major projects are participat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> this effort, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the Duke Data Bank of Documentary Papyri, Epigraphische Datenbank Heidelberg (EDH), Inscriptions of Aphrodisias (2007), Inscriptions of Roman Cyrenaica, Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania, and Pleiades. Designed as a demonstration project, Concordia will unite these digital collections of <strong>in</strong>scriptions and papyri (that <strong>in</strong>clude 50,000 papyrological and 3,000 epigraphic texts) with the geographic data set of Pleiades. Some newly digitized content will also be <strong>in</strong>cluded, such as 950 epigraphic texts. Concordia will use basic web architecture and standard formats (XHTML, EpiDoc/TEI XML, and Atom+GeoRSS). Its ma<strong>in</strong> goal is to provide users with one textual search across these collections as well as “dynamic mapp<strong>in</strong>g and geographical correlation for arbitrary collections of humanities content, hosted anywhere on the web.” This project is set to conclude <strong>in</strong> 2010 and has created a project wiki that tracks deliverables, workshop “results, and other general <strong>in</strong>formation.” 653 A number of software tools have been created, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g epidoc2atom (a set XSLT sheets for “creat<strong>in</strong>g web feeds from EpiDoc conformant XML documents”), the Concordia Matchtool, a “framework for def<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g and execut<strong>in</strong>g rulesets to effect match<strong>in</strong>g of records <strong>in</strong> two datasets,” and Concordia Harvester, “software for crawl<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>in</strong>dex<strong>in</strong>g Atom+GeoRSS feeds.” Important deliverables that the Concordia project also plans to create <strong>in</strong>clude Atom + GeoRSS web feeds for all papyri and <strong>in</strong>scription collections and the ConcordiaThesaurus, “a controlled vocabulary for express<strong>in</strong>g classes of relationships (or even assertions) between web-based resources <strong>in</strong> the context of Atom+GeoRSS feeds.” Digital Antiquity This project has been described <strong>in</strong> greater detail <strong>in</strong> the Archaeology subsection. Digital Classicist This project has been discussed <strong>in</strong> greater detail <strong>in</strong> the section on Open Access. eAQUA eAQUA 654 is a major German project that seeks to use NLP techniques such as text m<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g to generate “structured knowledge” from ancient texts and to provide this knowledge to classicists through a 649 http://code.google.com/p/vreri/wiki/MILARQ 650 http://explore.clarosnet.org/XDB/ASP/clarosHome/technicalIntro.html 651 http://concordia.atlantides.org/ 652 http://www.atlantides.org/trac/concordia/wiki/ProjectOverview 653 http://www.atlantides.org/trac/concordia/wiki 654 http://www.eaqua.net/en/<strong>in</strong>dex.php
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"Rome Wasn
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ii ISBN 978-1-932326-38-3 CLIR Publ
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iv EpiDoc-Based Digital Epigraphy P
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vi ABOUT THE AUTHOR Alison Babeu ha
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viii PBW PCA PDB PDL PHI PLANETS PN
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x pursuit of knowledge about the an
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2 and intellectual
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4 associations to work together, an
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6 briefly explore issues that are n
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8 for English translations of Greek
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10 is created of the entire bibliog
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12 directory of more than 2,100 cat
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14 generated by the decision tree p
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16 The image-registration algorithm
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18 Schibel and Rydberg-Cox argued t
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20 information ret
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22 In ancient manuscripts, Sanskrit
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24 algorithms; ins
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26 Markov Models (MEMM) 82 and outp
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28 One major project to recently em
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30 developed a cuneiform sign reper
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32 and prayers), and edited texts a
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34 Digital critical editions, howev
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36 While these requirements may see
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38 many discrete texts, in<
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40 examine how l<s
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42 The second fact that Rob
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44 “multimedia scholarly editions
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46 different apparatuses. In Bosche
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48 individual text
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50 In these cases we must provide a
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52 First, it utilizes a nearest nei
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54 entirely pre-searched for each l
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56 As this research in</str
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58 the inscription
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60 Text Min<strong
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62 This manual analysis provided a
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64 As illustrated by this def<stron
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66 archaeology as a discipl
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68 funded with public money <strong
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70 for re-use is a simple slogan, b
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72 framework to in
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74 then mapped to the CRM-EH so tha
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76 tDAR also stores all resources <
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78 Many look to their in</s
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80 Although the multidiscipl<strong
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82 computer science can make it pos
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84 were created after this time. A
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86 transparency, accessibility, ava
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88 (Research Archive for Ancient Sc
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90 This challenge of not just digit
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92 Part of the research of the Plei
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94 After correctin
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96 Epigraphy Overview: Epigraphy Da
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98 step, because epigraphic texts s
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100 text and to previous annotation
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102 and squeezes as well as a selec
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104 original); typ
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106 To begin this
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108 better set the in</stro
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110 Another related project that ha
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112 used to point
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114 names in texts
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116 and Manuscripts (VRE-SDM) 378 s
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118 level of storage in</st
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120 simplicity, and sensible file n
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122 compliant DTD and schema. 393 I
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124 While the advanced document-rec
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126 Another significant manuscript
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128 compelled to operate in
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130 Cayless thus developed a method
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132 must consider commercial and en
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134 standard developed for the desc
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136 to standard catalogs, identific
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138 present an extension and comb<s
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140 scholars in th
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142 described as the amicitia papyr
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144 to a full text transcription wh
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146 The final majo
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148 One is toward openness; the oth
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150 this idea of personal ownership
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152 prototype 512 in</stron
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154 other assertions made about par
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156 The conclusion drawn from this
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158 and that “is main</st
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160 philology available at the webs
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162 descriptions that provides scho
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Page 179 and 180: 168 ancient historians. Network ana
Page 181 and 182: 170 Bradley and Short (2005) have o
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Page 193 and 194: 182 This work tends to focus on des
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Page 197 and 198: 186 “infer user
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Page 203 and 204: 192 features. In addition, while pa
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Page 207 and 208: 196 computers by ancient historians
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Page 213 and 214: 202 academia.” At the same time,
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Page 219 and 220: 208 also declared that the m<strong
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Page 223 and 224: 212 across virtual collections of d
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Page 235 and 236: 224 become less “localized” wit
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Page 241 and 242: 230 This lack of deeper understand<
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Page 245 and 246: 234 All link<stron
Page 247 and 248: 236 of architecture, tools and serv
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Page 251 and 252: 240 semantic tools that would make
Page 253 and 254: 242 Sustainable Pr
Page 255 and 256: 244 A recent ARL report that explor
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Page 265 and 266: 254 such as Vindol
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Page 269 and 270: 258 Linguistic Com
Page 271 and 272: 260 resources and technology overvi
Page 273 and 274: 262 According to B
Page 275 and 276: 264 support the main</stron
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266 Interoperability”). 763 The m
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268 as the point o
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270 This architecture makes it easy
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272 [Aschenbrenner et al. 2008]. As
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274 Editions.” Advances i
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276 [Bodard et al. 2009]. Bodard, G
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278 [Bulger et al. 2011]. Bulger, M
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280 [Choudhury and Stin</st
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282 [Crane et al. 2009a]. Crane, Gr
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284 [Dué and Ebbott 2009]. Dué, C
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286 [Flaten 2009]. Flaten, Arne R.
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288 [Hardwick 2000]. Hardwick, Lorn
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290 Conference on E-Science Worksho
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292 [Lockyear 2007]. Lockyear, Kris
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294 Cambridge, MA: Association for
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296 [Ntzios et al. 2007]. Ntzios, K
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298 [Reddy and Crane 2006]. Reddy,
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300 [Rydberg-Cox 2009]. Rydberg-Cox
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302 [Smith 2010]. Smith, D. Neel.
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304 and the Canadian Academic Commu
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306 [Wallom et al. 2009]. Wallom, D
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