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147 component. While Concordia and LaQuAT seek to <strong>in</strong>tegrate papyri collections with other digital classical resources, such as epigraphical databases, <strong>in</strong>to larger “virtual” collections that can be simultaneously searched, eAQUA and eSAD are develop<strong>in</strong>g technologies to assist papyrologists <strong>in</strong> the <strong>in</strong>terpretation of their ancient texts. Focused exclusively on papyri collections, the IDP project (Sos<strong>in</strong> et al. 2007, Sos<strong>in</strong> et al. 2008), 497 which is a jo<strong>in</strong>t effort of the oldest digital resource <strong>in</strong> papyrology the DDbDP, the HGV, and the APIS, is work<strong>in</strong>g to create a s<strong>in</strong>gle <strong>in</strong>terface to these three collections, a project that has largely been realized through the creation of the Papyrological Navigator (PN). 498 Active research on improv<strong>in</strong>g the PN is ongo<strong>in</strong>g, as illustrated by a recent blog post by Hugh Cayless (Cayless 2010c). One particular component of the PN that he has recently improved is a service that provides “lookup of identifiers” of papyri <strong>in</strong> one collection and “correlates them with related records <strong>in</strong> other collections.” While this service was orig<strong>in</strong>ally based on a Lucene-based numbers server, Cayless is work<strong>in</strong>g to replace it with a RDF triplestore. One particular challenge is that of data <strong>in</strong>tegration and the difficulties of model<strong>in</strong>g the relationships between the same items <strong>in</strong> different databases. The complicated nature of these relationships <strong>in</strong>cludes several dimensions, such as different levels of hierarchy <strong>in</strong> database structures and various FRBR type relationships (e.g., the ancient document is the work but then it has various expressions <strong>in</strong> different pr<strong>in</strong>ted editions (<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g translations), and each of those editions has various manifestations (HTML, EpiDoc transcriptions, etc.). In addition, while the papyrological items and their metadata <strong>in</strong> different databases can sometimes have a 1:1 relationship (such as is usually the case between the DDbDP and the HGV) there can also be overlap (such as between the APIS and the other two databases). Each database also has complicated <strong>in</strong>ternal relationships; for example, although the HGV utilizes the idea of a “pr<strong>in</strong>cipal edition” and chooses a s<strong>in</strong>gle canonical publication of a papyrus, it also <strong>in</strong>cludes other earlier publications of the same papyrus <strong>in</strong> its metadata. The DDbDP follows the same basic idea but creates a new record that l<strong>in</strong>ks to stub records for the older editions of each papyrus. To better represent the complexity of these relationships, Cayless graphed them <strong>in</strong> Mulgara 499 (a scalable RDF database that is based on Java), so that he could use SPARQL queries to fetch data and then map these to easily retrievable and citable URLs that follow a standard pattern. Results from SPARQL queries will also be made available as Notation3 500 and JSON formats to create both humanreadable and -usable mach<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>terfaces to the data available through the PN. Cayless also reported that he was look<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to us<strong>in</strong>g the DC TERMS vocabulary as well as other relevant ontologies such as the FRBR vocabulary. 501 Ultimately, Cayless hoped to l<strong>in</strong>k the bibliography <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividual papyrus records to Zotero 502 and to ancient places names <strong>in</strong> Pleiades. “It all works well with my design philosophy for papyri.<strong>in</strong>fo,” Cayless concluded, “which is that it should consist of data (<strong>in</strong> the form of EpiDoc source files and representations of those files), retrievable via sensible URLs, with modular services surround<strong>in</strong>g the data to make it discoverable and usable.” A recent article by Roger Bagnall has offered an <strong>in</strong>-depth discussion of the IDP project. As he expla<strong>in</strong>ed, the goals of the IDP have changed s<strong>in</strong>ce it was first conceptualized <strong>in</strong> 1992 <strong>in</strong> two specific ways: 497 http://idp.atlantides.org/trac/idp/wiki/ 498 http://www.papyri.<strong>in</strong>fo 499 http://www.mulgara.org/ 500 Notation3 or N3 is a “shorthand non-XML serialization of Resource Description Framework models, designed with human-readability <strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>d.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notation3 501 http://vocab.org/frbr/core.html 502 http://www.zotero.org/
148 One is toward openness; the other is toward dynamism. These are l<strong>in</strong>ked. We no longer see IDP as represent<strong>in</strong>g at any given moment a synthesis of fixed data sources directed by a central management; rather, we see it as a constantly chang<strong>in</strong>g set of fully open data sources governed by the scholarly community and ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed by all active scholars who care to participate. One might go so far as to say that we see this nexus of papyrological resources as ceas<strong>in</strong>g to be “projects” and turn<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>stead <strong>in</strong>to a community (Bagnall 2010). The IDP, like many other digital classics and humanities projects, is shift<strong>in</strong>g away from the idea of creat<strong>in</strong>g static, project-based, and centrally controlled digital silos to dynamic, community-ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed resources where both the data and participation are open to all scholars who wish to participate. Bagnall argued that this shift <strong>in</strong>cluded reconceptualiz<strong>in</strong>g what it means to be an editor and that the dist<strong>in</strong>ction that was once made between edit<strong>in</strong>g texts and creat<strong>in</strong>g textual banks should be abandoned. As part of this new level of openness, the IDP plans to expose both their data and the code that was used to create the system. This means that if other scholars wish to create a new <strong>in</strong>terface to the data or reuse it <strong>in</strong> various ways, they may do so. The IDP also hopes to <strong>in</strong>clude more sources of data, and Bagnall lists at least two projects that are reus<strong>in</strong>g their code. The data <strong>in</strong> the IDP are utiliz<strong>in</strong>g the EpiDoc encod<strong>in</strong>g standard, which although created for <strong>in</strong>scriptions has been <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly used for record<strong>in</strong>g papyri and co<strong>in</strong>s. As EpiDoc uses standard TEI elements, new types of search <strong>in</strong>terfaces can be created that “will <strong>in</strong>terrogate a range of ancient sources of different types.” In fact, the Concordia project has begun to create a prototype for this k<strong>in</strong>d of <strong>in</strong>tegration between papyrology and epigraphy and also connects the documents to the Pleiades database. In this second phase of the IDP, they have created an onl<strong>in</strong>e edit<strong>in</strong>g system named “Son of Suda On L<strong>in</strong>e” (SoSOL) 503 that will allow authorized participants 504 to enter texts <strong>in</strong>to the DDbDP and metadata <strong>in</strong>to the HGV and APIS. The name was <strong>in</strong>spired by Ross Scaife’s project Suda On L<strong>in</strong>e (SOL), a collaborative site that supports group translation of the Byzant<strong>in</strong>e encyclopedia the Suda. 505 This system supports the creation of editions that will become publicly visible only when the editor chooses to do so. Where previously texts that were published <strong>in</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>ted editions had to be retyped <strong>in</strong>to a database, the IDP supports a new form of dynamic publication that is controlled by the <strong>in</strong>dividual editors and a larger editorial board. In a manner similar to that of the Pleiades model, any user can contribute variant read<strong>in</strong>gs, corrections, new texts, translations, or metadata, with all suggestions hav<strong>in</strong>g to be approved by the editorial board. The edit<strong>in</strong>g system records every step of this process, from proposal through vett<strong>in</strong>g to a f<strong>in</strong>al status as accepted or rejected, and a prose justification must be given at each step. Accepted proposals can be kept as limited access if the creator desires. One strength of this model is that rejected proposals are not deleted forever, and are <strong>in</strong>stead reta<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> the digital record, <strong>in</strong> case new data or better arguments appear to support them. Additionally, all accepted proposals are attributed to their contributor so that proper scholarly credit can be given to them. As expla<strong>in</strong>ed by Joshua Sos<strong>in</strong>: Permanent transparency is the guid<strong>in</strong>g pr<strong>in</strong>ciple beh<strong>in</strong>d SoSOL. The system keeps track of everyth<strong>in</strong>g. When you log <strong>in</strong> and submit a text, SoSOL records it; when you submit a text or propose an emendation SoSOL will not let you submit until you have written a message expla<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g what you propose. Similarly, SoSOL will not allow Editors to vote on a text without expla<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g why they vote the way they do. For every s<strong>in</strong>gle text SoSOL keeps a permanent and 503 An overview of this software and full technical details can be found at http://idp.atlantides.org/trac/idp/wiki/SoSOL/Overview/ 504 Access to the prototype system is available at http://halsted.vis.uky.edu/protosite/. 505 Full details on SoSOL, as well as a walkthrough of the software, can be found <strong>in</strong> Sos<strong>in</strong> (2010).
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"Rome Wasn
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ii ISBN 978-1-932326-38-3 CLIR Publ
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iv EpiDoc-Based Digital Epigraphy P
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vi ABOUT THE AUTHOR Alison Babeu ha
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viii PBW PCA PDB PDL PHI PLANETS PN
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x pursuit of knowledge about the an
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2 and intellectual
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4 associations to work together, an
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6 briefly explore issues that are n
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8 for English translations of Greek
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10 is created of the entire bibliog
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12 directory of more than 2,100 cat
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14 generated by the decision tree p
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16 The image-registration algorithm
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18 Schibel and Rydberg-Cox argued t
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20 information ret
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22 In ancient manuscripts, Sanskrit
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24 algorithms; ins
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26 Markov Models (MEMM) 82 and outp
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28 One major project to recently em
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30 developed a cuneiform sign reper
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32 and prayers), and edited texts a
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34 Digital critical editions, howev
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36 While these requirements may see
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38 many discrete texts, in<
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40 examine how l<s
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42 The second fact that Rob
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44 “multimedia scholarly editions
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46 different apparatuses. In Bosche
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48 individual text
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50 In these cases we must provide a
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52 First, it utilizes a nearest nei
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54 entirely pre-searched for each l
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56 As this research in</str
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58 the inscription
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60 Text Min<strong
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62 This manual analysis provided a
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64 As illustrated by this def<stron
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66 archaeology as a discipl
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68 funded with public money <strong
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70 for re-use is a simple slogan, b
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72 framework to in
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74 then mapped to the CRM-EH so tha
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76 tDAR also stores all resources <
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78 Many look to their in</s
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80 Although the multidiscipl<strong
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82 computer science can make it pos
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84 were created after this time. A
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86 transparency, accessibility, ava
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88 (Research Archive for Ancient Sc
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90 This challenge of not just digit
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92 Part of the research of the Plei
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94 After correctin
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Page 119 and 120: 108 better set the in</stro
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Page 139 and 140: 128 compelled to operate in
Page 141 and 142: 130 Cayless thus developed a method
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Page 167 and 168: 156 The conclusion drawn from this
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Page 181 and 182: 170 Bradley and Short (2005) have o
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Page 193 and 194: 182 This work tends to focus on des
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198 Demos (a growin</strong
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200 database of this encyclopedia c
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202 academia.” At the same time,
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206 science and use ICT occasionall
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208 also declared that the m<strong
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214 tradition of European literatur
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216 the related MILARQ project, 649
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218 initial fund<s
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220 SPQR—Supportin</stron
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222 environments in</strong
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224 become less “localized” wit
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226 methods,” Cohen et al. expla<
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228 One might have presumed that ou
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230 This lack of deeper understand<
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232 expertise, tools, experience, a
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234 All link<stron
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236 of architecture, tools and serv
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238 reported that eSAD was develop<
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240 semantic tools that would make
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242 Sustainable Pr
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244 A recent ARL report that explor
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246 organizations and fundi
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248 throughout this review, i.e., o
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250 commercial providers. At the sa
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252 representations beyond the bord
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254 such as Vindol
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260 resources and technology overvi
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266 Interoperability”). 763 The m
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270 This architecture makes it easy
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272 [Aschenbrenner et al. 2008]. As
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274 Editions.” Advances i
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276 [Bodard et al. 2009]. Bodard, G
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278 [Bulger et al. 2011]. Bulger, M
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280 [Choudhury and Stin</st
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282 [Crane et al. 2009a]. Crane, Gr
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284 [Dué and Ebbott 2009]. Dué, C
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286 [Flaten 2009]. Flaten, Arne R.
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288 [Hardwick 2000]. Hardwick, Lorn
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290 Conference on E-Science Worksho
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292 [Lockyear 2007]. Lockyear, Kris
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294 Cambridge, MA: Association for
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296 [Ntzios et al. 2007]. Ntzios, K
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298 [Reddy and Crane 2006]. Reddy,
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300 [Rydberg-Cox 2009]. Rydberg-Cox
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302 [Smith 2010]. Smith, D. Neel.
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304 and the Canadian Academic Commu
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306 [Wallom et al. 2009]. Wallom, D
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