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IMT and be “capable of produc<strong>in</strong>g TEI-compliant XML for l<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g image to text.” Similar to Cayless,
the TILE project wants to support l<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g beyond the page level, such as the ability, for example, “to
l<strong>in</strong>k from a word <strong>in</strong> the edited text to its location <strong>in</strong> the image” or to “click an <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g area <strong>in</strong> the
image to read an annotation” (Porter et al. 2009). While Porter et al. recognized that a number of
tools 421 allowed users to edit or display images with<strong>in</strong> the larger context of creat<strong>in</strong>g digital editions,
they found that none of these tools conta<strong>in</strong>ed all the functionality they desired.
Of all of the tools they mention, Porter et al. stated that only the IMT outputs complete and valid TEI
P5 XML, but it runs only on W<strong>in</strong>dows mach<strong>in</strong>es. While TILE will <strong>in</strong>teroperate with the “constra<strong>in</strong>ed
IMT TEI format,” it will also provide output <strong>in</strong> a variety of formats. A recent blog entry by Dorothy
Porter listed these formats as <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g “any flavour” of TEI, METS 422 files, and output that is not <strong>in</strong>
XML. “One result of this flexibility is that, aga<strong>in</strong> unlike the IMT, TILE will not be “plug and play,”
and process<strong>in</strong>g of the output will be the responsibility of projects us<strong>in</strong>g the software,” Porter
acknowledged, “This will require a bit of work on the part of users. On the other hand, as a modular set
of tools, TILE will be able to be <strong>in</strong>corporated <strong>in</strong>to other digital edit<strong>in</strong>g software suites that would
otherwise have to design their own text-image l<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g functionality or go without” (Porter 2010).
AXE enabled the collaborative tagg<strong>in</strong>g of TEI texts, the association of XML with “time stamps <strong>in</strong>
video or audio files,” and the mark<strong>in</strong>g of image regions that could then be l<strong>in</strong>ked to external metadata,
and TILE will extend these functionalities. One significant issue with AXE was that while it did allow
users to annotate image regions and store those coord<strong>in</strong>ates <strong>in</strong> a database, it did not provide any data
analysis tools for this <strong>in</strong>formation. The most significant way <strong>in</strong> which TILE will extend AXE then is
that it will support:
Semi-automated creation of l<strong>in</strong>ks between transcriptions and images of the materials from
which the transcriptions were made. Us<strong>in</strong>g a form of optical character recognition, our software
will recognize words <strong>in</strong> a page image and l<strong>in</strong>k them to a preexist<strong>in</strong>g textual transcription
(Porter et al. 2009).
As with the research of Cayless, the pr<strong>in</strong>cipal goal of this work is to be able to support the l<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g of
manuscript transcriptions and images at the <strong>in</strong>dividual word level. Some other <strong>in</strong>tended functionalities
<strong>in</strong>clude image annotation with controlled vocabularies, the creation of editorial annotations, 423 and the
creation of l<strong>in</strong>ks between “different, non-contiguous areas of primary source images” such as captions
and illustrations or “analogous texts across different manuscripts.”
Numismatics
Numismatics has been def<strong>in</strong>ed as “the collection and study of money (and co<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong> particular).” 424 It is
one of the most popular classics topics <strong>in</strong> terms of academic, commercial, and enthusiast sites
onl<strong>in</strong>e. 425 In fact, accord<strong>in</strong>g to Sebastian Heath (Heath 2010), any discussion of numismatics onl<strong>in</strong>e
421 Among this list were Juxta (http://www.n<strong>in</strong>es.org/tools/juxta.html), developed by the NINES project, which is typically used to compare two
documents but also only connects images and text only at the page level, and the Version<strong>in</strong>g Mach<strong>in</strong>e (http://v-mach<strong>in</strong>e.org/), a tool with some of the same
basic functionality as Juxta, but aga<strong>in</strong> one that only supports the l<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g of texts and images only at the page level.
422 METS stands for “Metadata Encod<strong>in</strong>g & Transmission Standard.” The standard has been created by the Library of Congress “for encod<strong>in</strong>g descriptive,
adm<strong>in</strong>istrative, and structural metadata regard<strong>in</strong>g objects with<strong>in</strong> a digital library” (http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/). METS is expressed us<strong>in</strong>g XML
and has been used by many digital library projects.
423 Other research has also explored the creation of annotation technologies for digital manuscript collections and the ability to share them; see, for
example, Doumat et al. (2008), who exam<strong>in</strong>ed stor<strong>in</strong>g user annotations <strong>in</strong> a collaborative workspace so that they could be used <strong>in</strong> a recommender system
for other manuscript users.
424 http://wordnetweb.pr<strong>in</strong>ceton.edu/perl/webwns=numismatics
425 For an example of an excellent website created by an enthusiast, see http://www.snible.org/co<strong>in</strong>s/, and <strong>in</strong> particular the “Digital Historia Numorum: A
Manual of Greek Numismatics” (http://www.snible.org/co<strong>in</strong>s/hn/), a typed <strong>in</strong> version of the 1911 edition of the “Historia Numorum” by Barclay Head. Ed