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238 Schmidt, M.C.; Andrioni, F. and financial context, without subvention, due to the annulment of the European regulation regarding the state support of the pit coal production. The new regulations of the European Council regarding coal mining activities, valid since January 1, 2011, stipulates that the mining units in the states that are members of the European Union can benefit from the state support only in order to shut down non – competitive mines. Under these circumstances, the continuation of C.N.H. activities involves drastic cost reductions, such as, for instance, the first decision in the history of the Jiu Valley mining to suspend the granting of facilities for pensioners for a limited period (1–31 January 2011). The financial effort for the facilities granted to a number of over 10,400 de pensioners, with a number of 8,745 employees, was of 8.6 million lei/year (C.N.H., Press statement, 05.01.2011) 2 . 3. THE SOCIAL POLICY IN THE JIU VALLEY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RESTRUCTURING OF THE MINING SECTOR Starting from the fact that „work is the strongest link between the individual and society” (S. Freud), unemployment means not only income losses, but also the loss of self confidence, the erosion of the connection with the community and the feeling of being excluded from normal life, which can be a genuine threat to democracy (Codin, 1990, p. 146). Under these circumstances, the essential objective of social policies in Romania is to guarantee a job and decent living, either by the individual’s direct work or by means social protection and assistance services. It is necessary to ensure an environment meant to facilitate studying and work and to turn work into the main source of living, so that the ones who work should enjoy part of their work results directly, „feeling it is worth working and their work can ensure their living” (Stegăroiu, 1993, p. 14). Social protection represents the body of policies, measures, institutions, and structures that ensures a certain level of wealth and social security for the whole population, and especially for certain social groups or persons unable to achieve minimal, normal life conditions through their own effort. By juridical regulations, social protection applies national and regional programs in order to provide material and financial support, as well as social services destined to deprived persons. There are two types of support meant to ensure the social protection of deprived persons (Cojocaru, 2003, p. 620): the system of social insurance (the funds resulting from the systematic contributions of the active population, which return to the contributors when they are in need, in accordance with each individual contribution, under the form of pensions, unemployment support, ill health support, etc.); the system of social assistance (support system financed from the state budget, local budgets, and volunteer contributions of physical and juridical persons). Social assistance represents the body of institutions, programs and measures, as well as professional activities meant to protect persons, groups or communities facing social problems or temporary crisis. By specialized services and activities, social assistance helps groups and persons in need to overcome difficult moments that 2 http://www.cnh.ro/descrierecomunicate.aspxid=95
Restructuring and Reform in the Jiu Valley 239 can occur over a certain period and supports, by creating favorable social and cultural conditions, the recovery of the social and cultural integration capacity of deprived categories (Cojocaru, 2003). In order to reveal the opinion of the Jiu Valley inhabitants about unemployment, social protection and social assistance in the region, we have extracted a number of conclusions from an ample field research conducted in the towns of the Jiu Valley, where we have used the direct inquiry based on the interview applied to a number of 288 subjects. The unemployed represent a special segment of the active population in Romania and, implicitly, in the Jiu Valley, which requires the intervention of social assistance services. In the context of the transition to the market economy, with the profound restructuring pertaining to it, unemployment represents „a genuine psychological and cultural shock for the people who were used to having a job easily found and even more easily kept” (Zamfir, Vlăsceanu, 1993). Table 2. Number of the unemployed in the Jiu Valley on localities 3 January 2011 VULCAN 896 LUPENI 1002 PETROSANI 2026 ANINOASA 95 PETRILA 294 URICANI 242 TOTAL 4,555 Source: The County Agency for Work Force Employment, Hunedoara - Statistics Table 3. Structure of unemployment in the Jiu Valley on environments and form of remuneration LOCAL AGENCY /BRANCH TOTAL Urban environment JANUARY 2011 Rural environment Remunerated unemployed Non – remunerated unemployed 3 PETROSANI 2026 1984 42 1506 520 4 LUPENI 1002 1002 0 625 377 5 VULCAN 896 896 0 553 343 12 PETRILA 294 294 0 61 233 13 ANINOASA 95 95 0 72 23 14 URICANI 242 242 0 173 69 TOTAL 4,555 4,513 42 2,990 1,565 Source: The County Agency for Work Force Employment, Hunedoara - Statistics 3 http://www.ajofmhd.ro/
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Annals of the University of Petroş
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Concerns on Labour Power Selection
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Regional Development - Past, Presen
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4. CONCLUSIONS Forms of Tax Evasion
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Mitigation of the Crisis Effects in
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The Influence of the Mining Unions
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Integration process in management s
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Romanian Companies Dilemmas-Busines
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Promotion of Employment among Youth
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Promotion of Employment among Youth
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Decisions in Negotiations Using Exp
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annals of the university of petroÅani â¼ economics â¼ vol. xi - part i ...