University of Aarhus ECOTOURISM AS A WAY TO PROTECT ...

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Ecotourism as a sustainable way to protect nature brings over development and uneven development, because of the sudden increase in income. Often the money does not stay in the host country, because the tourist companies and accommodations are international owned; the only benefits to local communities are from low-payment service jobs. Mass tourism also brings environmental pollution and spoils cultural attractions. Tourist attractions that earlier on were a beautiful spot becomes degraded as a result of mass tourism. Following the UNEP definition this is what ecotourism tries to avoid. The local people should benefit from ecotourism. They should be given job opportunities and a higher income than the income resulting form extraction of natural resources, such as mining, agriculture and fishery. The local future economy could improve by preserving the ecosystem and promoting tourism. It can be difficult to convince the local people to promote long-term tourism rather than short-term extraction of resources. This is the situation in South Africa, where conservation of the National Park will create 33 jobs and mining will create 2000 jobs and they will get their income immediately. It is not easy for local people in developing countries to invest in long-term, future projects, when they need the money here and now. And 2000 jobs are more attractive than 33 jobs. The different stakeholders should also benefit from tourism, as on the Galapagos Islands, where the revenue from the entrance fees is distributed on different stakeholders. The theory that the different stakeholders will protect what they receive money from is not enough. They need to be educated and participate in the planning process. It is also important to satisfy tourists up to a point, so there will keep being a stabile influx of tourists and therefore income. It is then necessary to inform the tourists of what to expect, so they avoid getting disappointed. As the 80
Ecotourism as a sustainable way to protect nature example in Kibale National Park shows, where people expected to see specific animals. 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The term “ecotourism” is going to be clearly understood in the future. It is globally supported by various organisations and conservationists. The meaningfully implemented ecotourism can contribute to both conservation and local economic rising. Ecotourism can protect nature by preserving biodiversity, promoting conservation education and providing economic incentives for sustainable use. A range of species and ecosystems would no longer persist without tourism (Stefan, 1999). Working with local communities is necessary to encourage their support and co-operation. The CBE is a model of local participation in sustainable ecotourism. Ecotourism, in contrast, also generates negative impacts. Carefully planning, monitoring of ecotourism activities are good ways to minimise negative impacts. These measures are being supported by various organisations such as UNEP, TIES. Establishing a linkage between local, regional, national and international organisations may be a good way for future tourism management and certification. Polluted payment is recommended to apply in the future order to reduce mass tourism and negative effects of ecotourism. 81
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